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EC number: 268-500-3 | CAS number: 68109-88-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Justification for type of information:
- The target substance is a mono-constituent organotin substance that consists of a tin as central metal element with two octyl-ligands. The source substance Dioctyltin oxide (DOTO) (EC Number 212-791-1 and CAS 870-08-6) is also an organotin compound that has the identical structure elements as the target substance in respect of the tin-alkyl moiety.
According to WHO IPCS CIRCAD (2006) organotin compounds are characterized by a tin–carbon bond and have the general formula RxSn(L)(4−x), where R is an organic alkyl or aryl group and L is an organic (or sometimes inorganic) ligand. The organotin moiety is significant toxicologically. The anionic ligand influences physicochemical properties but generally has little or no effect on the toxicology.
Since the target substance and the source substances share the identical organotin moiety, and the organotin moiety is generally recognized as the relevant toxophore of organotins and the toxicity estimates (AE) respectively toxicity limits for organotins are expressed as tin, the overall ecotoxicity/systemic toxicity of the target can be interpolated by assessing the (eco-)toxicity of the source (WHO IPCS CIRCAD, 2006, BAUA AGS TRGS 900, 2014, Summer KH, Klein D and Greim H, 2003).
The purity of the source and target substance are expected to be similar, based on the manufacturing method. The impurity profile is not expected to have strong effects on substance properties and any impurity of (eco-)toxicological relevance of the source substances is expected to be present in the target substance. Consequently, the hazard profiles of the source substances, including those of their impurities, are intrinsically covered. Differences in impurities are not expected and thus do not have an impact on the (eco-)toxic properties.
References
BAUA (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin (Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health)) AGS (Ausschuss für Gefahrstoffe (Committee on Hazardous Substances)) TRGS (Technical Rules for Hazardous Substances) 900 (2014). Begründung zu n-Octylzinnverbindungen, April 2014.
Summer KH, Klein D, Griem H (2003). Ecological and toxicological aspects of mono- and disubstituted methyl-, butyl-, octyl-, and dodecyltin compounds - Update 2002. GSF National Research Center for Environment and Health, Neuherberg, for the Organotin Environmental Programme (ORTEP) Association.
World Health Organization (WHO) International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) Concise International Chemical Assessment Document (CICAD) 73 Mono- and disubstituted methyltin, butyltin, and octyltin compounds (2006). Published under the joint sponsorship of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organization, and the World Health Organization, and produced within the framework of the Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals - Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.001 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.002 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 0.002 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: Equivalent to 100 % saturated solution
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 29 February 1988 to 08 March 1988
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- The study was performed to the OECD guideline 201. The test material DOTO (di-n-octyltin oxide) is in the same category of substances as the registration substance, as such it is considered acceptable to use a read-across approach to address this endpoint. Some deficiencies were present in the study, such as limited reporting and the concentrations of the test material were not maintained throughout the test. The study is therefore considered to be reliable with acceptable restrictions.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material:
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
- Melting point: melting with decomposition from approximately 282 °C
- Vapour pressure: 0.00042 Pa at 25 °C
- Water solubility (under test conditions): <0.0000152 g/L at 20 °C
- Log Pow: Calculated estimate of 9.26 (method not validated for this class of material)
OTHER PROPERTIES (if relevant for this endpoint)
- Results of test for ready biodegradability: not readily biodegradable
- Results of short-term toxicity testing on invertebrates (Daphnia magna): 48 hour EC50 >water solubility under the conditions of the study (between 0.09 and 0.54 mg/L); EC50 >0.21 mg/L (geometric mean of the solubility of the test material).
- Results of short-term toxicity testing on fish (Brachydanio rerio): 96 hour LC50 >water solubility under the conditions of the study (between 0.05 and 0.18 mg/L); LC50 >0.09 mg/L (geometric mean of the solubility of the test material). - Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: 10, 18, 32, 58 and 100 % of saturated solution, sampled at 0 and 72 hours measured as Sn content
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: 300 mg of the test material was added to 1500 mL water and stirred for 48 h then filtered through a glass filter D4 then through a membrance filter (Millipore Type HA 0.45 µm)
- Controls: A blank was included as a control - Test organisms (species):
- Desmodesmus subspicatus (previous name: Scenedesmus subspicatus)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Strain: Cambridge 276/20
- Method of cultivation: In accordance with OECD 201
ACCLIMATION
- Culturing media and conditions: 3 days under test conditions - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Test temperature:
- 24 ± 2 °C
- pH:
- 7.8-9.2
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal: 0 (blank), 10, 18, 32, 58 and 100 of saturated solution %
Measured: 0, 0.00023, 0.00032, 0.00053, 0.00097 and 0.0018 mg/L - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Erlenmeyer flasks
- Type : closed, stoppered with aluminium caps
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 100 mL
- Initial cells density: 1.2 E4 cells/mL
- Control end cells density: 1.95 E5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes, as detailed in OECD 201 (1984)
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: Continuous illumination
- Light intensity and quality: 120 µE/m²sec ± 20 % (approx. 8000 Lux) cold white fluorescent light
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED
- Determination of cell concentrations: Daily on TOA cell counter - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 0.002 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: Equivalent to 100 % saturated solution
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.002 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.001 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control (for algal test): yes
Figure 1 depicts the growth rate.
- Results with test material: Slight to no effects were noted on the algal growth during the course of the study.
- Concentration of the test material: Test concentrations were not maintained during the study, results are expressed as initial measured concentration. - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Comparisons for area under growth curve were performed in accordance with the guidance provided in the guideline.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of the test, the test material exhibited little or no difference on the growth rate of the algae Desmodesmus subspicatus (reported as Scenedesmus subspicatus) when tested up to a 100 % saturated solution. The ErC50 of the test substance is greater than the water solubility of the test material.
- Executive summary:
The toxicity of the test material to aquatic plants was determined in a study conducted in accordance with the standardised guideline OECD 201, using the algal species Desmodesmus subspicatus (reported as Scenedesmus subspicatus). The study was conducted using a range of concentrations, tested up to the water solubility of the test material. The concentrations of the test material were not maintained in the solutions throughout the entire 72 hour test period, results were expressed as the initial concentration. Under the conditions of the study, the test material exhibited little or no difference on the growth rate of the algae, the ErC50 of the test material is considered to be greater than the water solubility of the test material.
Referenceopen allclose all
Table 1: Cell density after 24 hours
Conc. (initial) mg/L |
Relative cell densities |
Mean Relative Density |
Dilution Factor 1: |
Mean Density N24h cells/mL*1000 |
|||||
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
||||
Blank |
50 |
53 |
48 |
53 |
54 |
63 |
54 |
10 |
8.1 |
0.00023 |
59 |
58 |
55 |
57 |
10 |
8.6 |
|||
0.00032 |
60 |
56 |
68 |
61 |
10 |
9.2 |
|||
0.00053 |
60 |
59 |
55 |
58 |
10 |
8.7 |
|||
0.00097 |
51 |
57 |
50 |
53 |
10 |
8.0 |
|||
0.0018 |
52 |
55 |
64 |
57 |
10 |
8.6 |
Table 2: Cell density after 48 hours
Conc. (initial) mg/L |
Relative cell densities |
Mean Relative Density |
Dilution Factor 1: |
Mean Density N48h cells/mL*1000 |
|||||
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
||||
Blank |
154 |
204 |
200 |
262 |
231 |
271 |
220 |
10 |
33.0 |
0.00023 |
215 |
194 |
207 |
205 |
10 |
30.8 |
|||
0.00032 |
154 |
233 |
227 |
205 |
10 |
30.8 |
|||
0.00053 |
203 |
180 |
157 |
180 |
10 |
27.0 |
|||
0.00097 |
244 |
229 |
258 |
244 |
10 |
36.6 |
|||
0.0018 |
238 |
271 |
312 |
274 |
10 |
41.1 |
Table 3: Cell density after 72 hours
Conc. (initial) mg/L |
Relative cell densities |
Mean Relative Density |
Dilution Factor 1: |
Mean Density N72h cells/mL*1000 |
|||||
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
||||
Blank |
118 |
128 |
128 |
133 |
127 |
146 |
130 |
100 |
195 |
0.00023 |
125 |
139 |
141 |
135 |
100 |
203 |
|||
0.00032 |
132 |
130 |
161 |
141 |
100 |
212 |
|||
0.00053 |
140 |
144 |
146 |
143 |
100 |
215 |
|||
0.00097 |
135 |
130 |
144 |
136 |
100 |
204 |
|||
0.0018 |
67 |
71 |
81 |
73 |
100 |
110 |
Multiplication Factor N72h/N0h = 163
Table 4: Percentage inhibition
Conc. (initial) mg/L |
Areas under growth curve |
% Inhibition (IA 0-72h) |
|||
A0-24h |
A24-48h |
A48-72h |
A0-72h |
||
Blank |
83 |
464 |
2707 |
3254 |
0 |
0.00023 |
89 |
444 |
2777 |
3310 |
0* |
0.00032 |
96 |
451 |
2885 |
3432 |
0* |
0.00053 |
90 |
400 |
2875 |
3365 |
0* |
0.00097 |
82 |
506 |
2858 |
3446 |
0* |
0.0018 |
89 |
568 |
1784 |
2441 |
25 |
* promotion of algal growth in regard to Blank-Control denoted as: 0 |
Table 5: pH and analytical concentrations
Conc. in % of saturated solution |
Measured concentrations* |
pH |
||
0 h mg/L |
72 h mg/L |
0 h |
72 h |
|
Blank |
8.1 |
9.2 |
||
0.00023 |
0.00023 |
<0.00021 |
7.8 |
8.9 |
0.00032 |
0.00032 |
<0.00021 |
7.8 |
9.0 |
0.00053 |
0.00053 |
0.00027 |
7.8 |
9.0 |
0.00097 |
0.00097** |
0.00044 |
7.8 |
9.1 |
0.0018 |
0.0018 |
0.00079 |
7.8 |
9.1 |
* analytically determined values multiplied by a factor of 100/32.87; Sn content of test material: 32.87 % ** value of only one sample considered, all others are mean of two samples |
Description of key information
72 hour EC50 = >0.0018 mg/L, dioctyltin oxide, OECD 201, Rufli 1988
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
- 0.001 mg/L
Additional information
The toxicity of the test material to aquatic plants was determined in a study conducted in accordance with the standardised guideline OECD 201, using the algal species Desmodesmus subspicatus (reported as Scenedesmus subspicatus), with the analogous test material dioctyltin oxide.
The study was conducted using a range of concentrations, tested up to the water solubility of the test material. The concentrations of the test material were not maintained in the solutions throughout the entire 72 hour test period, results were expressed as the initial concentration. Under the conditions of the study, the test material exhibited little or no difference on the growth rate of the algae, the ErC50 of the test material is considered to be greater than the water solubility of the test material, >0.0018 mg/L.
As the study was performed on a read-across substance in the same category as the registered substance (di-n-octyltin oxide), it was assigned a reliability score of 2 (reliable with acceptable restrictions) in accordance with the criteria for assessing data quality as outlined in Klimisch (1997) and considered suitable for assessment as an accurate reflection of the test material.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.

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