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EC number: 203-777-6 | CAS number: 110-54-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- sub-chronic toxicity: inhalation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1991
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: This study is classified as reliable with restrictions because no GLP statement was included, but the study was otherwise well-documented and closely followed OECD guideline 413.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- NTP Report on the Toxicity Studies of n-Hexane in B6C3F1 Mice
- Author:
- Dunnick, JK
- Year:
- 1 991
- Bibliographic source:
- National Toxicology Program, NIH Publication No. 91-3121
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 413 (Subchronic Inhalation Toxicity: 90-Day Study)
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- N-hexane
- EC Number:
- 203-777-6
- EC Name:
- N-hexane
- Cas Number:
- 110-54-3
- Molecular formula:
- C6H14
- IUPAC Name:
- hexane
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): n-hexane
- Analytical purity: 99%
- Storage condition of test material: stable when stored in the dark at temps. below 60 degree Celsius.
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- mouse
- Strain:
- B6C3F1
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Frederick Cancer Research Facility
- Age at study initiation: 7 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: mean weights: 23.3-23.8 g male, 18.3-20.0 female
- Housing: individually
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): NIH 07 Rat and Mouse Ration, ad libitum overnight during exposure
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum
- Acclimation period: 14 days
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 21.0-24.8
- Humidity (%): 40-84
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 hrs light/12 hrs dark
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- inhalation: vapour
- Type of inhalation exposure:
- not specified
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Details on inhalation exposure:
- GENERATION OF TEST ATMOSPHERE / CHAMBER DESCRIPTION
- Exposure apparatus: 0.5 m3 Hinners-type chambers
- Source and rate of air: Air was passed through a 2 l reserve of n-hexane at 50 degree C with a fritted bubbler. Separate generators were used for each chamber.
- Temperature, humidity, pressure in air chamber: 21.0-24.8 degree C, and 40-84% humidity
TEST ATMOSPHERE
- Brief description of analytical method used: The 10,000 ppm chamber was monitored with a Miran 1A IR. The other chambers were monitored with a Miran 980 IR. Chambers were sampled once per hour. Biweekly samples were also analyzed using GC with flame ionization detection. - Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- yes
- Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- The 10,000 ppm chamber was monitored with a Miran 1A IR. The other chambers were monitored with a Miran 980 IR. Chambers were sampled once per hour. Biweekly samples were also analyzed using GC with flame ionization detection.
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 13 weeks
- Frequency of treatment:
- 6 hrs/day, 5 days per week except for one 1000 ppm group that was exposed 22 hrs/day for 5 days/week
Doses / concentrationsopen allclose all
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
0, 500, 1000, 4000, 10,000 ppm
Basis:
nominal conc.
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
1000 ppm
Basis:
nominal conc.
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 18 mice per sex
- Control animals:
- yes, sham-exposed
- Details on study design:
- - Dose selection rationale: not provided
Examinations
- Observations and examinations performed and frequency:
- CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: twice daily
BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: weekly
HAEMATOLOGY: Yes
- Parameters checked: leukocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, segmented neutrophils, hematocrit, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, mean cell volume, erythrocytes, reticulocytes, platelets
NEUROBEHAVIOURAL EXAMINATION: Yes
- Dose groups that were examined: 0, 1000 (22 hr exposure), 10,000 ppm
- Battery of functions tested: startle response, foot splay, analgesia response, grip strength, locomotor activity, exploratory behaviour - Sacrifice and pathology:
- GROSS PATHOLOGY: Yes, brain, heart, right kidney, liver, lung, spleen, right testis, thymus
HISTOPATHOLOGY: Yes, adrenal glands, brain, bronchial lymph nodes, cecum, colon, duodenum, esophagus, gallbladder, gross lesions, tissue masses, heart, ileum, jejunum, kidneys, larynx, liver, lungs, mainstream bronchi, mammary glands, mandibular lymph nodes, mesenteric lymph nodes, mediastinal lymph nodes, nasal cavity, turbinates, pancreas, parathyroid glands, pituitary gland, rectum, salivary glands, sciatic nerves, spinal cord, spleen, sternum including marrow, stomach, testes, ovaries, uterus, thymus, thyroid gland, trachea, urinary bladder - Statistics:
- Multiple comparison methods of Dunnett.
Results and discussion
Results of examinations
- Clinical signs:
- no effects observed
- Mortality:
- no mortality observed
- Body weight and weight changes:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- not examined
- Food efficiency:
- not examined
- Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
- not examined
- Ophthalmological findings:
- not examined
- Haematological findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Clinical biochemistry findings:
- not examined
- Urinalysis findings:
- not examined
- Behaviour (functional findings):
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Gross pathological findings:
- no effects observed
- Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Histopathological findings: neoplastic:
- not examined
- Details on results:
- CLINICAL SIGNS AND MORTALITY
All animals survived to the end of the study. Clinical signs were limited to sneezing in the 10,000 ppm group.
BODY WEIGHT AND WEIGHT GAIN
Mean body weights of males in the 1000 ppm, 22 hr, exposure group and 10,000 ppm group were significantly reduced. The mean body weight of females in the 10,000 ppm group were also signficantly reduced.
HAEMATOLOGY
Segmented neutrophils were significantly increased in male mice exposed to 10,000 ppm.
NEUROBEHAVIOUR
Female mice in the 1000 ppm, 22 hr, exposure group and 10,000 ppm showed decreased locomotor activity.
ORGAN WEIGHTS
Liver, kidney, and heart weights were increased in exposed female mice.
HISTOPATHOLOGY: NON-NEOPLASTIC
Paranodal swellings in the tibial nerve were observed in 10,000 ppm exposed males and females, and the 1000 ppm, 22 hr exposure females. Inflammation and regeneration of the respiratory epithelium and olfactory epithelium, and metaplasia of olfactory epithelium to olfactory epithelium was in mice exposed to 10,000 ppm. Similar lesions, but of less severity were also seen in females in the 4,000 ppm group and 1000, 22 hr exposure, group females. Females in the 1000 and 500 ppm group showed minimal olfactory epithelium changes. Males in the 1000 ppm, 22 hr exposure group, and 1000 ppm group, had minimal lesions. Males in the 4000 ppm group and 500 ppm group did not show nasal lesions.
Effect levels
open allclose all
- Key result
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEC
- Effect level:
- 500 ppm
- Sex:
- male
- Basis for effect level:
- other: nasal lesions
- Key result
- Dose descriptor:
- LOAEC
- Effect level:
- 1 000 ppm
- Sex:
- male
- Basis for effect level:
- other: nasal lesions
- Key result
- Dose descriptor:
- LOAEC
- Effect level:
- 500 ppm
- Sex:
- female
- Basis for effect level:
- other: nasal lesions
Target system / organ toxicity
- Critical effects observed:
- not specified
Any other information on results incl. tables
Significant results of mouse repeated dose inhalation study
Concentration |
Control |
500 ppm |
1000 ppm |
4000 ppm |
10,000 ppm |
1000 ppm (22 hr) |
Male body weight (g) |
33.4 ± 0.55 |
32.3 ± 0.97 |
31.2 ± 0.57 |
31.2 ± 0.75 |
27.8 ± 0.50 |
30.0 ± 0.60 |
Female body weight (g) |
25.3 ± 0.49 |
25.1 ± 0.62 |
26.4 ± 0.66 |
25.6 ± 0.75 |
23.8 ± 0.57 |
25.4 ± 0.88 |
Male segmented neutrophils (103/microliter) |
0.31 ± 0.054 |
0.40 ± 0.068 |
0.46 ± 0.108 |
0.25 ± 0.036 |
1.16 ± 0.363 |
0.55 ± 0.079 |
Locomotor activity in female mice - week 13 |
170 ± 9.1 |
168 ± 8.7 |
166 ± 9.2 |
152 ± 6.6 |
141 ± 10.6 |
126 ± 10.5 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- The LOAEC for female mice was 500 ppm based on nasal lesions. No NOAEC was found for female mice. The LOAEC for male mice was 1000 ppm based on nasal lesions, and the NOAEC was 500 ppm.
- Executive summary:
This study examined the effect of 13 weeks inhalation exposure of n-hexane to mice. Groups of 18 female and 18 male mice were exposed to concentrations of 0, 500, 1000, 4000, or 10,000 ppm of test substance for 6 hrs/day, 5 days/week, for 13 weeks. An additional group was exposed to 1000 ppm of test substance for 22 hrs/day, 5 days/week, for 13 weeks. Clinical examinations were done twice daily, and body weights taken weekly. After sacrifice, animals were examined for histopathological parameters, and organ weights. 8 mice of each sex in each exposure group were examined for neurobehaviour. No animals died during the study, and the only neurological effects were decreased locomotion in females exposed to 10000 ppm. Nasal lesions were seen in females in all exposure groups, and in males exposed to 1000 ppm of test substance. The LOAEC for females was therefore 500 ppm (1760 mg/m3), with no NOAEC found. The NOAEC for males was 500 ppm (1760 mg/m3), with an LOAEC of 1000 ppm (3520 mg/m3) based on nasal lesions.
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