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EC number: 201-853-3 | CAS number: 88-72-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to fish
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- other: BUA report
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- other: BUA report
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: No reliability is given as this is a summary entry for the BUA report.
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- BUA report
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Analytical purity: not specified
- Sublethal observations / clinical signs:
BUA report (1989):
The results of studies on the acute toxicity of o-nitrotoluene to fish are compiled in the following table:
Species
Duration
[h]
Endpoint
Concentration [mg/l]
Reference
Brachydanio rerio
96
LC0
56.2
Bayer AG, 1986
96
LC50
64.9
96
LC100
75.0
Oryzias latipes
48
LC50
86.0
Yoshioka et al., 1986
96
LC50
37.0
Canton et al., 1985 + 1982
96
EC50
(mortality and immobility)
7.0
Bailey and Spanggord, 1983
Pimephales promelas
96
LC50
37.1
Bailey and Spanggord, 1983
96
LC50
36.9
Hall and Kier, 1986
Leuciscus idus
48
LC0
11.0
Juhnke and Lüdemann, 1978
48
LC50
29.0
48
LC100
57.0
Poecillia reticulata
96
LC50
29.0
Canton et al., 1985 + 1982
96
EC50
(mortality and immobility)
18.0
Canton et al., 1985
- Executive summary:
BUA report (1989):
The results of studies on the acute toxicity of 2-nitrotoluene to fish were in the range of EC50 (96h): 29-64.9 mg/L.
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- documentation insufficient for assessment
- Remarks:
- Study meets basic scientific principles. Basic data given.
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- - according to "Methods for Acute Toxicity Testing with Fish, Macroinvertebrates, and Amphibians", Ecological Research Series, EPA-66013-75-009
=> test temperature of 20°C is the only exception of this guideline - GLP compliance:
- no
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): 2-Nitrotoluene
- Analytical purity: not specified - Test organisms (species):
- Pimephales promelas
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Hardness:
- 26 ppm (as CaCO3)
- Test temperature:
- 20°C
- pH:
- 7.2 - 8.6
- Details on test conditions:
- alkalinity: 45 ppm (as CaCO3)
conductivity: 103 µmhos/cm - Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 38 mg/L
- Executive summary:
Pearson, 1979
The acute toxicity of the test item 2-nitrotoluene towards Pimephales promelas was tested in a static setup according to "Methods for Acute Toxicity Testing with Fish, Macroinvertebrates, and Amphibians", Ecological Research Series, EPA-66013-75-009 (the test temperature of 20°C was the only exception of this guideline). The following effect concentration was observed: LC50 (96h): 38 mg/L.
- Endpoint:
- fish embryo acute toxicity (FET)
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- documentation insufficient for assessment
- Remarks:
- Study meets basic scientific principles. Basic data given.
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- embryo-larval test
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): 2-nitrotoluene
- Analytical purity: > 99% - Test organisms (species):
- Danio rerio (previous name: Brachydanio rerio)
- Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Total exposure duration:
- 7 d
- Hardness:
- 250 mg/l as CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 25 ± 1 °C
- pH:
- 8.2 ± 0.2
- Details on test conditions:
- - photoperiod: 12 h
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 40 mg/L
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL: 29-54
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 28 mg/L
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL: 10-100
- Details on results:
- CL=confidence limits
- Sublethal observations / clinical signs:
- after 3 to 4 days eggs were hatched
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Executive summary:
Maas-Diepeveen, 1986
In a semi-static fish embryo acute toxicity test (test species: freshwater fish Danio rerio) the following effect concentrations were observed for 2-nitrotoluene: LC50 (7d): 40 mg/L and EC50 (7d): 28 mg/L.
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- documentation insufficient for assessment
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Method: other: Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS K 0102-1986-71) "Testing methods for industrial waste water"
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
- Test organisms (species):
- Oryzias latipes
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 88 mg/L
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Executive summary:
MITI, 1992
The acute toxicity of the test item 2-nitrotoluene towards Oryzias latipes was tested according to Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS K 0102-1986-71) "Testing methods for industrial waste water". The following effect concentration was observed: LC50 (48h): 88 mg/L.
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- documentation insufficient for assessment
- Remarks:
- Only raw data available
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Method: other: Letale Wirkung beim Zebrabaerbling, UBA-Verfahrensvorschlag, Mai 1984, Letale Wirkung beim Zebrabaerbling Brachydanio rerio LC0, LC50, LC100, 48-96h
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Analytical purity: not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- Leuciscus idus
- Test type:
- static
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC100
- Effect conc.:
- 75 mg/L
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 56.3 mg/L
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC0
- Effect conc.:
- 42.2 mg/L
- Sublethal observations / clinical signs:
The LC50 relates to the geometric mean.
- Executive summary:
Bayer (1986):
In an experimental study (static test) with an exposure period of 96 hours an LC50 value of 56.3 mg/l was obtained for the test organism Leuciscus idus.
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- documentation insufficient for assessment
- Remarks:
- Only raw data available
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Method: other: Letale Wirkung beim Zebrabaerbling, UBA-Verfahrensvorschlag, Mai 1984, Letale Wirkung beim Zebrabaerbling Brachydanio rerio LC0, LC50, LC100, 48-96h
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Analytical purity: not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- Danio rerio (previous name: Brachydanio rerio)
- Test type:
- static
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 64.9 mg/L
- Remarks on result:
- other: geometric mean
- Sublethal observations / clinical signs:
The LC50 relates to the geometric mean.
- Executive summary:
Bayer (1986):
In an experimental study (static test) with an exposure period of 96 hours an LC50 value of 64.9 mg/l was obtained for the test organism Brachydanio rerio.
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Remarks:
- published data
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- 3 (not reliable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- significant methodological deficiencies
- Remarks:
- supplementary published data, see justification for type of information
- Justification for type of information:
- Restrictions of the method are: - Test period not given (Personal communication Wang 2003: 96 h) - 4 fish used instead of at least 7 as recommended by the OECD TG 203 - Temperature during the test was higher (25 °C) than recommended 20-24 °C - Yeast is not a standard food for carp - Length of fish (2-6 cm) varied more than recommended by the OECD TG 203
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Remarks:
- Restrictions of the method: - Test period not given (Personal communication Wang 2003: 96 h) - 4 fish used instead of at least 7 - Temperature during the test was higher (25 °C) than 20-24 °C - Yeast is not a standard food for carp - Length of fish 2-6 cm
- Executive summary:
Yen, Jui-Hung; Lin, Kuo-Hsiung; Wang, Yei-Shung; Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety; vol. 52; nb. 2; (2002); p. 113 - 116, (REAXYS data base):
Species: Ciprinus carpio
Method: 90 percent of the incubation medium was renewed with same concentration of title comp. after 48 h of incubation; 4 carp (2 to 6 cm in size) were introduced to each 10-L beaker containing 5 L of the different concentrations of the test chemical; the fish were fed with yeast; 25 °C; exposure in water pH 6.6, dissolved oxygen: 4.9 mg/L, hardness 215 mg/L as CaCO3 with title comp. conc.; duplicate tests at each concentration level
In Table 4 of their publication, Yen et al. report the LC50 to be 0.396 mg/L. After request, one of the authors (Wang 2003) communicated that the reported values are below the observed values by a factor of 100. Thus, the correct LC50 is 36.9 mg/l. The test period is not given (Personal communication Wang 2003: 96 h).
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- other: EU Risk Assessment
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- other: EU Risk Assessment
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: No reliability is given as this is a summary entry for the EU RAR.
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- EU Risk Assessment
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Analytical purity: not specified
- Sublethal observations / clinical signs:
EU Risk Assessment (2008):
Ramos et al., (1998) determined an EC50 for guppies (Poecilia reticulata) of 30.1 mg/l. Acute toxicity tests on fish were performed according to the OECD guideline 203, applying 12 h of photoperiod during the experiments. Animals were starved from 24 h before the tests. 5 concentration levels were tested with a dilution factor of 2.
Deneer et al., (1987) gave an LC50 = 32.9 mg/l for the chronic effects of 2-nitrotoluene to guppies in a 14-day test. Fish used in the toxicity experiments were male and female guppies, varying in age from two to three months, and in weight from 60 to 450 mg (mean fat content 8 ± 2%). Procedure for obtaining the 14d-LC50 values is according to Koenemann (1981). Water samples were taken regularly on, at least, four days during the experimental period, both before and after renewal of the solutions and analysed after hexane extraction. Upon analysis after 24 h of exposure, up to 40% of the compound added was converted into the corresponding aniline. This effect only occurred when fish were present in the solution. Nitroaryl compounds belong to the class of bioactivated chemicals, since they are reduced in vivo to highly active intermediates like arylnitroso-compounds and arylhydroxylamines. Therefore, it seems very likely that an adequate description of their toxicity involves their tendency to be reduced.
Bailey and Spanggord (1983) conducted ecotoxicity tests, with several individual substances, on fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). The test fish were juveniles averaging 2.4 cm in total length and 0.28 g in weight. Fish were not fed for 24 h before or during any of the tests. As a general rule, test solutions were aerated only when DO dropped below 60% of saturation in the first 48 h of exposure or below 40% of saturation in the last 48 h of exposure. It is not indicated whether this is the case for 2-nitrotoluene, since aeration which could introduce a disturbing procedure that could lead to the disappearance of the test substance from the water. The 96h-LC50 was determined in 37.1 mg/l (ranging from 34.6 to 39.9 mg/l of 2 -nitorotoluene). Toxicity appears to be related to the ease of reduction of the nitro group to form nitroxy free radicals, which would then block life-supporting processes. Although reduction is believed to be an important pathway for detoxifying foreign nitro-bodies, the ease of formation of intermediate free radicals may overwhelm protective mechanisms available to the organisms.
In other experiment, carried out by Liu et al. (1983), it is provided a 96h-LC50 of 37.1 mg/l (ranging from 34.6 to 39.9 mg/l of 2-nitrotoluene). Acute toxicity tests were performed on P.promelas under static conditions. Fish were immature and no food was provided to the organisms during the test. These figures are in agreement with Bailey and Spanggord (1983) results.
Canton et al. (1985) performed a 24 -h short-term toxicity tests on Poecilia reticulata, in analogy with the OECD (1979) proposal, resulting in an LC50 of 29 mg/l and in a EC50 (behaviour) of 18 mg/l. To obtain an indication of the biological availability of the test compound, the decline of a non-aerated standardized medium was studied at room temperature. A recovery of 92% after 8 days was measured. Other short-term tests, performed with Oryzias latipes by the same authors, resulted in an LC50 of 37 mg/l and an EC50 (behaviour) of 7 mg/l. Test duration is not given in Canton et al. (1985) itself, but reference concerning the tests methods is made to other publications of Canton and his co-workers. In these publications exposure of fish in short-term tests was either 48 or 96 h. Test concentrations were adjusted 3 times a week.
Bayer (1986) also provides information within the IUCLID database regarding an exposure period of 96 hours in a static test, giving an EC50 of 65 mg/l on Brachidanio rerio. This information has not been considered for the assessment, since there was no possibility to check the original report.
Yoshioka et al. (1986) indicated an EC50 of 86 mg/l for Oryzia latipes, after an exposure period of 48 hours. A two days exposure time test was considered not assignable for the assessment.
Canton et al. (1985) referred some information on semi-chronic toxicity tests after an exposure period of 28 days resulted in both, an LC50 and EC50 (behaviour) of 9.4 mg/l. The NOEC (mortality and behaviour) was determined as 1.9 mg/l.
Juhnke and Luedemann (1978) also presented some data on Leuciscus idus, which have been considered as not assignable, since not enough information has been provided for its validation.
- Executive summary:
EU Risk Assessment (2008):
Ramos et al., (1998) determined an EC50 for guppies (Poecilia reticulata) of 30.1 mg/l. Acute toxicity tests on fish were performed according to the OECD guideline 203, applying 12 h of photoperiod during the experiments. Animals were starved from 24 h before the tests. 5 concentration levels were tested with a dilution factor of 2.
Deneer et al., (1987) gave an LC50 = 32.9 mg/l for the chronic effects of 2-nitrotoluene to guppies in a 14-day test. Fish used in the toxicity experiments were male and female guppies, varying in age from two to three months, and in weight from 60 to 450 mg (mean fat content 8 ± 2%). Procedure for obtaining the 14d-LC50 values is according to Koenemann (1981). Water samples were taken regularly on, at least, four days during the experimental period, both before and after renewal of the solutions and analysed after hexane extraction. Upon analysis after 24 h of exposure, up to 40% of the compound added was converted into the corresponding aniline. This effect only occurred when fish were present in the solution. Nitroaryl compounds belong to the class of bioactivated chemicals, since they are reduced in vivo to highly active intermediates like arylnitroso-compounds and arylhydroxylamines. Therefore, it seems very likely that an adequate description of their toxicity involves their tendency to be reduced.
Bailey and Spanggord (1983) conducted ecotoxicity tests, with several individual substances, on fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). The test fish were juveniles averaging 2.4 cm in total length and 0.28 g in weight. Fish were not fed for 24 h before or during any of the tests. As a general rule, test solutions were aerated only when DO dropped below 60% of saturation in the first 48 h of exposure or below 40% of saturation in the last 48 h of exposure. It is not indicated whether this is the case for 2-nitrotoluene, since aeration which could introduce a disturbing procedure that could lead to the disappearance of the test substance from the water. The 96h-LC50 was determined in 37.1 mg/l (ranging from 34.6 to 39.9 mg/l of 2 -nitorotoluene). Toxicity appears to be related to the ease of reduction of the nitro group to form nitroxy free radicals, which would then block life-supporting processes. Although reduction is believed to be an important pathway for detoxifying foreign nitro-bodies, the ease of formation of intermediate free radicals may overwhelm protective mechanisms available to the organisms.
In other experiment, carried out by Liu et al. (1983), it is provided a 96h-LC50 of 37.1 mg/l (ranging from 34.6 to 39.9 mg/l of 2-nitrotoluene). Acute toxicity tests were performed on P. promelas under static conditions. Fish were immature and no food was provided to the organisms during the test. These figures are in agreement with Bailey and Spanggord (1983) results.
Canton et al. (1985) performed a 24-h short-term toxicity tests on Poecilia reticulata, in analogy with the OECD (1979) proposal, resulting in an LC50 of 29 mg/l and in a EC50 (behaviour) of 18 mg/l. To obtain an indication of the biological availability of the test compound, the decline of a non-aerated standardized medium was studied at room temperature. A recovery of 92% after 8 days was measured. Other short-term tests, performed with Oryzias latipes by the same authors, resulted in an LC50 of 37 mg/l and an EC50 (behaviour) of 7 mg/l. Test duration is not given in Canton et al. (1985) itself, but reference concerning the tests methods is made to other publications of Canton and his co-workers. In these publications exposure of fish in short-term tests was either 48 or 96 h. Test concentrations were adjusted 3 times a week.
Bayer (1986) also provides information within the IUCLID database regarding an exposure period of 96 hours in a static test, giving an EC50 of 65 mg/l on Brachidanio rerio. This information has not been considered for the assessment, since there was no possibility to check the original report.
Yoshioka et al. (1986) indicated an EC50 of 86 mg/l for Oryzia latipes, after an exposure period of 48 hours. A two days exposure time test was considered not assignable for the assessment.
Canton et al. (1985) referred some information on semi-chronic toxicity tests after an exposure period of 28 days resulted in both, an LC50 and EC50 (behaviour) of 9.4 mg/l. The NOEC (mortality and behaviour) was determined as 1.9 mg/l.
Juhnke and Luedemann (1978) also presented some data on Leuciscus idus, which have been considered as not assignable, since not enough information has been provided for its validation.
Referenceopen allclose all
Description of key information
For transported isolated intermediates according to REACh, Article 18, this endpoint is not a data requirement. However, data is available for this endpoint and is thus reported under the guidance of "all available data".
EU Risk Assessment (2008):
Ramos et al., (1998) determined an EC50 for guppies (Poecilia reticulata) of 30.1 mg/l. Acute toxicity tests on fish were performed according to the OECD guideline 203, applying 12 h of photoperiod during the experiments. Animals were starved from 24 h before the tests. 5 concentration levels were tested with a dilution factor of 2.
Deneer et al., (1987) gave an LC50 = 32.9 mg/l for the chronic effects of 2-nitrotoluene to guppies in a 14-day test. Fish used in the toxicity experiments were male and female guppies, varying in age from two to three months, and in weight from 60 to 450 mg (mean fat content 8 ± 2%). Procedure for obtaining the 14d-LC50 values is according to Koenemann (1981). Water samples were taken regularly on, at least, four days during the experimental period, both before and after renewal of the solutions and analysed after hexane extraction. Upon analysis after 24 h of exposure, up to 40% of the compound added was converted into the corresponding aniline. This effect only occurred when fish were present in the solution. Nitroaryl compounds belong to the class of bioactivated chemicals, since they are reduced in vivo to highly active intermediates like arylnitroso-compounds and arylhydroxylamines. Therefore, it seems very likely that an adequate description of their toxicity involves their tendency to be reduced.
Bailey and Spanggord (1983) conducted ecotoxicity tests, with several individual substances, on fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). The test fish were juveniles averaging 2.4 cm in total length and 0.28 g in weight. Fish were not fed for 24 h before or during any of the tests. As a general rule, test solutions were aerated only when DO dropped below 60% of saturation in the first 48 h of exposure or below 40% of saturation in the last 48 h of exposure. It is not indicated whether this is the case for 2-nitrotoluene, since aeration which could introduce a disturbing procedure that could lead to the disappearance of the test substance from the water. The 96h-LC50 was determined in 37.1 mg/l (ranging from 34.6 to 39.9 mg/l of 2-nitorotoluene). Toxicity appears to be related to the ease of reduction of the nitro group to form nitroxy free radicals, which would then block life-supporting processes. Although reduction is believed to be an important pathway for detoxifying foreign nitro-bodies, the ease of formation of intermediate free radicals may overwhelm protective mechanisms available to the organisms.
In other experiment, carried out by Liu et al. (1983), it is provided a 96h-LC50 of 37.1 mg/l (ranging from 34.6 to 39.9 mg/l of 2-nitrotoluene). Acute toxicity tests were performed on P. promelas under static conditions. Fish were immature and no food was provided to the organisms during the test. These figures are in agreement with Bailey and Spanggord (1983) results.
Canton et al. (1985) performed a 24-h short-term toxicity tests on Poecilia reticulata, in analogy with the OECD (1979) proposal, resulting in an LC50 of 29 mg/l and in a EC50 (behaviour) of 18 mg/l. To obtain an indication of the biological availability of the test compound, the decline of a non-aerated standardized medium was studied at room temperature. A recovery of 92% after 8 days was measured. Other short-term tests, performed with Oryzias latipes by the same authors, resulted in an LC50 of 37 mg/l and an EC50 (behaviour) of 7 mg/l. Test duration is not given in Canton et al. (1985) itself, but reference concerning the tests methods is made to other publications of Canton and his co-workers. In these publications exposure of fish in short-term tests was either 48 or 96 h. Test concentrations were adjusted 3 times a week.
Bayer (1986) also provides information within the IUCLID database regarding an exposure period of 96 hours in a static test, giving an EC50 of 65 mg/l on Brachidanio rerio. This information has not been considered for the assessment, since there was no possibility to check the original report.
Yoshioka et al. (1986) indicated an EC50 of 86 mg/l for Oryzia latipes, after an exposure period of 48 hours. A two days exposure time test was considered not assignable for the assessment.
Canton et al. (1985) referred some information on semi-chronic toxicity tests after an exposure period of 28 days resulted in both, an LC50 and EC50 (behaviour) of 9.4 mg/l. The NOEC (mortality and behaviour) was determined as 1.9 mg/l.
Juhnke and Luedemann (1978) also presented some data on Leuciscus idus, which have been considered as not assignable, since not enough information has been provided for its validation.
BUA report (1989):
The results of studies on the acute toxicity of 2-nitrotoluene to fish were in the range of EC50 (96h): 29-64.9 mg/L.
Maas-Diepeveen, 1986:
In a semi-static fish embryo acute toxicity test (test species: freshwater fish Danio rerio) the following effect concentrations were observed for 2-nitrotoluene: LC50 (7d): 40 mg/L and EC50 (7d): 28 mg/L.
MITI, 1992:
The acute toxicity of the test item 2-nitrotoluene towards Oryzias latipes was tested according to Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS K 0102-1986-71) "Testing methods for industrial waste water". The following effect concentration was observed: LC50 (48h): 88 mg/L.
Pearson, 1979:
The acute toxicity of the test item 2-nitrotoluene towards Pimephales promelas was tested in a static setup according to "Methods for Acute Toxicity Testing with Fish, Macroinvertebrates, and Amphibians", Ecological Research Series, EPA-66013-75-009 (the test temperature of 20°C was the only exception of this guideline). The following effect concentration was observed: LC50 (96h): 38 mg/L.
Bayer (1986):
In an experimental study (static test) with an exposure period of 96 hours an LC50 value of 56.3 mg/l was obtained for the test organism Leuciscus idus.
In an experimental study (static test) with an exposure period of 96 hours an LC50 value of 64.9 mg/l was obtained for the test organism Brachydanio rerio.
Yen, Jui-Hung; Lin, Kuo-Hsiung; Wang, Yei-Shung; Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety; vol. 52; nb. 2; (2002); p. 113 - 116, (REAXYS data base):
Species: Ciprinus carpio
Method: 90 percent of the incubation medium was renewed with same concentration of title comp. after 48 h of incubation; 4 carp (2 to 6 cm in size) were introduced to each 10-L beaker containing 5 L of the different concentrations of the test chemical; the fish were fed with yeast; 25 °C; exposure in water pH 6.6, dissolved oxygen: 4.9 mg/L, hardness 215 mg/L as CaCO3 with title comp. conc.; duplicate tests at each concentration level
In Table 4 of their publication, Yen et al. report the LC50 to be 0.396 mg/L. After request, one of the authors (Wang 2003) communicated that the reported values are below the observed values by a factor of 100. Thus, the correct LC50 is 36.9 mg/l. The test period is not given (Personal communication Wang 2003: 96 h).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
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