Registration Dossier

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Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.

The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.

Diss Factsheets

Administrative data

Workers - Hazard via inhalation route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
7.05 mg/m³
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
25
Modified dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEC
Value:
176.3 mg/m³
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
No inhalation study is available and NOAEC was derived by route to route extrapolation from the NOAEL. 8 h exposure time, extrapolation from 50% bioavailability oral to 100% bioavailability inhalation. Corrected inhalatory NOAEC = 200 mg/kg bw/day*(1/0.38 m3/kg/day)*(50%/100%)*(6.7 m3 (8h)/10 m3 (8h)) = 176.3 mg/m3
AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
not required, starting point is NOAEL
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
2
Justification:
subchronic to chronic study
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
1
Justification:
not for concentrations
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
default factor for remaining differences
AF for intraspecies differences:
5
Justification:
default factor for worker
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
not required
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
not required
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
DNEL related information

Workers - Hazard via dermal route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
2 mg/kg bw/day
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
100
Modified dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
200 mg/kg bw/day
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
assumed that rat oral and dermal absorption are equal to human oral and dermal absorption
AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
not required, starting point is NOAEL
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
2
Justification:
subchronic to chronic
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
4
Justification:
allometric scaling factor rat-human
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
default factor for remaining differences
AF for intraspecies differences:
5
Justification:
default factor for worker
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
not required
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
not required
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified

Workers - Hazard for the eyes

Local effects

Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified

Additional information - workers

The No Observed Effect Level used for DNEL calculation was taken from a 90-day oral toxicity study in rats in which dose levels of 20, 200 and 2000 mg/kg bw/day were administered. At the dose level of 2000 mg/kg bw/day in-life changes included increased water consumption and reduced body weight gain. Analysis of blood and organs from rats treated at 2000 mg/kg bw/day were indicative of effects on liver function leading to increased liver weight and histopathological condition corresponding to metabolically activated liver. Therefore, the NOEL for systemic toxicological findings in this study was clearly determined to be 200 mg/kg bw/day. The DNELs have been derived from this value and default assessment factors have been used to derive the DNELs. For information on the DNELs for workers, see the justifications given in the respective sections above.

General Population - Hazard via inhalation route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
1.74 mg/m³
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
50
Modified dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEC
Value:
87 mg/m³
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
No inhalation study is available and the NOAEC was derived by route to route extrapolation from the oral NOAEL. 24 h exposure time, extrapolation from 50% bioavailability oral to 100% bioavailability inhalation. Corrected inhalatory NOAEC = 200 mg/kg bw/day*(1/1.15 m3/kg/day)*(50%/100%) = 87 mg/m
AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
not required, starting point is NOAEL
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
2
Justification:
subchronic to chronic study
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
1
Justification:
not for concentration
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
default factor for remaining differences
AF for intraspecies differences:
10
Justification:
default factor for general population
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
not required
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
not required
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
DNEL related information

General Population - Hazard via dermal route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
1 mg/kg bw/day
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
200
Modified dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
200 mg/kg bw/day
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
assumed that rat oral and dermal absorptions are equal to human oral and dermal absorption
AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
not required, starting point is NOAEL
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
2
Justification:
sub chronic to chronic study
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
4
Justification:
allometric scaling factor rat-human
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
default factor for remaining differences
AF for intraspecies differences:
10
Justification:
default factor for general population
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
not required
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
not required
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified

General Population - Hazard via oral route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
1 mg/kg bw/day
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
200
Modified dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
200 mg/kg bw/day
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
no route-to-route extrapolation performed
AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
not required, starting point is NOAEL
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
2
Justification:
sub chronic to chronic study
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
4
Justification:
allometric scaling factor rat-human
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
default factor for remaining difference
AF for intraspecies differences:
10
Justification:
default factor for general population
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
not required
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
not required
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
DNEL related information

General Population - Hazard for the eyes

Local effects

Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified

Additional information - General Population

The No Observed Effect Level used for DNEL calculation was taken from a 90-day oral toxicity study in rats in which dose levels of 20, 200 and 2000 mg/kg bw/day were administered.  At the dose level of 2000 mg/kg bw/day in-life changes included increased water consumption and reduced body weight gain.  Analysis of blood and organs from rats treated at 2000 mg/kg bw/day were indicative of effects on liver function leading to increased liver weight and histopathological condition corresponding to metabolically activated liver. Therefore, the NOEL for systemic toxicological findings in this study was clearly determined to be 200 mg/kg bw/day.  The DNELs have been derived from this value and default assessment factors have been used to derive the DNELs. For information on the DNELs for the general population, see the justifications given in the respective sections above.