Aluminum magnesium vanadium oxide

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

12 - 16 Mar 2012

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)

Version / remarks:

adopted 13 Apr 2004

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)

Version / remarks:

adopted 31 May 2008

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

ISO 6341 (Water quality - Determination of the Inhibition of the Mobility of Daphnia magna Straus (Cladocera, Crustacea))

Version / remarks:

June 1996

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Remarks:

Rheinland-Pfalz, Landesamt für Umwelt, Wasserwirtschaft und Gewerbeaufsicht, Mainz, Germany

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

- Concentrations: All concentrations were sampled
- Sampling method: Samples were collected at test start, at test end and at medium renewal from the old and new media.

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: As the water solubility of the test item lies below 1 mg/L, the test solution was prepared by adding the appropriate test item to 1 liter of dilution water. After shaking vigorously for 24 hours the resulting solution was filtrated through 0.45 µm filters. Following this, the filtrates were used for the main test without dilution. Each treatment concentration was prepared separately and split into four aliquots for each replicate respectively.

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Water flea
- Source: Laboratory culture, originally obtained from Umweltbundesamt Berlin, Germany, on 27 Sep 2007
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): < 24 h
- Method of breeding: According to ISO 6341, animals multiply by parthenogenesis
- Feeding during test: None

CULTURE CONDITIONS
- Vessels: 2 L preserving glasses
- Medium: M4 medium
- Medium renewal: twice a week
- Type and amount of food: unicellular green algae (Desmodesmus subspicatus)
- Light and temperature: 16h light/8 h dark using neon tubes, 20 ± 2 °C

Test type:

semi-static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Test temperature:

21.3 - 23.6 °C

pH:

7.4 - 8.7

Dissolved oxygen:

7.9 - 8.6 mg/L

Nominal and measured concentrations:

0, 10, 18, 32, 56 and 100 mg/L (nominal, loading rate)

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Material, size, fill volume: Glass beakers, 50 mL nominal, filled with 20 ± 5 mL
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): after 24 h
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Deionised water was used to prepare ISO test water
- Culture medium different from test medium: no
- Intervals of water quality measurement: Dissolved oxygen and pH were measured at test start, at test end and at medium renewal in the old and new test media.

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: yes (dilution water)
- Photoperiod: no lighting

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable): Immobilisation of daphnids was recorded 24 h and 48 h after test start.

TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 1.8

Reference substance (positive control):

yes

Remarks:

potassium dichromate

Key result

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EL50

Effect conc.:

15 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat. (dissolved fraction)

Remarks:

loading rate

Basis for effect:

mobility

Details on results:

- Mortality of control: In the control, none of the Daphnia died or showed any signs of abnormal behaviour.

Results with reference substance (positive control):

- Results with reference substance valid? Yes
- EC50 (24h): 1.3 mg/L; accepted range: 0.6 - 1.7 mg/L
- Date of performance: 01 Mar - 02 Mar 2012

Table 1: Immobilisation of Daphnia magna after 24 and 48 h of exposure

Nominal concentration (mg/L)	Immobility (%)
	24 h	48 h
0	0	0
10	0	10
18	50	75
32	75	100
56	90	100
100	90	100

Table 2: Analytical Determinations Al

The measured Al concentrations of each treatment and control as well as the geom. means for Al are given in the following table (Geometric mean is calculated by multiplication of the n participating concentrations and taking the n^throot):

Nominal Concentration in mg/L	Measured Concentration of Al in mg/L		% Recovery	Measured Concentration of Al in mg/L		% Recovery	Geometric mean Al in mg/L
	0 h	24h oM		24h nM	48 h
0	< LOQ	< LOQ	-	< LOQ	< LOQ	-	-
10	0.23	0.14	60.63	0.22	0.16	75.15	0.18
18	0.43	0.23	52.67	0.3	0.21	69.15	0.28
32	0.76*	0.32	41.79	0.4	0.28	69.81	0.40
56	1.10*	0.4	36.64	0.09	0.08	87.15	0.24
100	1.16*	0.39	33.29	0.65	0.3	45.43	0.54

LOQ = Limit of quantification (0.25 mg/L, corresponding to 0.025 mg/L based on a previous determination with tenfold enrichment)

oM = old Medium (before renewal)

nM = new Medium (after renewal)

*Without enrichment

Table 3: Analytical Determinations V

The measured Vanadium concentrations of each treatment and the control as well as the calculated geometric means for V are given in the following table. (Geometric mean is calculated by multiplication of the n participating concentrations and taking the n^throot):.

Nominal Concentration in mg/L	Measured Concentration of V in mg/L		% Recovery after 24 h	Measured Concentration of V in mg/L		% Recovery after 48 h	Geometric mean V in mg/L
	0 h	24h oM		24h nM	48 h
0	< LOQ	< LOQ	-	< LOQ	< LOQ	-	-
10	0.05	0.03	72.44	0.04	0.04	113.25	0.04
18	0.08	0.06	71.82	0.06	0.06	105.37	0.06
32	0.12	0.09	77.85	0.08	0.09	111.4	0.09
56	0.15	0.11	71.49	0.06	0.06	110.04	0.09
100	0.16	0.11	70.28	0.16	0.15	92.1	0.14

LOQ = Limit of quantification (0.25 mg/L, corresponding to 0.025 mg/L in tenfold enrichment)

oM = old Medium (before renewal)

nM = new Medium (after renewal)

Description of key information

EL50 (48h, immobolisation) = 15 mg/L (nominal, loading rate)(OECD 202, Daphnia magna). Measured concentration of Al and V are 0.18 - 0.54 mg/L (geom. mean) and 0.04 - 0.14 mg/L (geom. mean)
, respectively.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water invertebrates

Fresh water invertebrates

Effect concentration:

15 mg/L

Additional information

A semi-static test design according to OECD 202 was chosen in a GLP study to evaluate the acute toxicity of aluminium magnesium vanadium oxide to Daphnia magna at nominal concentrations from 10 to 100 mg/L (2013).

The substance has low water solubility and therefore the test solution was prepared by adding the appropriate test item to 1 liter of dilution water. After shaking vigorously for 24 hours the resulting solution was filtrated through 0.45 µm filters. Following this, the filtrates were used for the main test without dilution. The test solutions included the dilution water control and nominal concentrations of 10, 18, 32, 56 and 100 mg/L test item. The corresponding mean measured concentrations for Al were 0.18, 0.28, 0.40, 0.24, 0.54 mg/L (geom. mean) and the corresponding mean measured concentrations for V were 0.04, 0.06, 0.09, 0.09, 0.14 mg/L (geom. mean). Each treatment concentration was prepared separately and split into four aliquots for each replicate respectively. For analytical determinations of the test item Al and V concentrations in the test solutions were measured. The data show that the test item was present in the test solutions and that sufficient dissolution of the test item for the respective test concentrations was achieved. The 48 h-EL50 was determined as 15 mg/L (nominal, loading rate).