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EC number: 201-180-5 | CAS number: 79-14-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Direct observations: clinical cases, poisoning incidents and other
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- direct observations: clinical cases, poisoning incidents and other
- Type of information:
- other: conclusion
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- The occupational health nurse responsible for the production plant confirmed no medical reports of adverse effects to staff working in the production area. Reviews of published literature and an Australian Regulatory submission for use of cosmetic glycolic acid, revealed studies where glycolic acid exposures have been encountered. So, further studies are unnecessary. The combined data provide evidence for the hazard endpoint that is sufficient for the purpose of classification and labelling and risk assessment.
Cross-reference
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
Data source
Referenceopen allclose all
- Reference Type:
- other: conclusion
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 007
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 940
- Report date:
- 1940
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- No information
- Author:
- Gabow, P. A. et al.
- Year:
- 1 986
- Bibliographic source:
- Ann. Intern. Med. (1986) 105(1):16-20
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- No information
- Author:
- Hewlett, T. P. et al.
- Year:
- 1 986
- Bibliographic source:
- J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. (1986) 24(5):389-402 (TOXBIB/87/061145)
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- No information
- Author:
- Jacobsen, D. et al.
- Year:
- 1 988
- Bibliographic source:
- Am. J. Med. (1988) 84:145-152 (IPA/88/790178
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- No information
- Author:
- Milhorat, A. T. and V. Toscani
- Year:
- 1 936
- Bibliographic source:
- J. Biol. Chem. (1936) 114:461-466 (CA30:71919)
Materials and methods
- Study type:
- clinical case study
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline required
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Various case study summaries reviewed or published literature reviewed for clinical information
- GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Glycollic acid
- EC Number:
- 201-180-5
- EC Name:
- Glycollic acid
- Cas Number:
- 79-14-1
- Molecular formula:
- C2H4O3
- IUPAC Name:
- 2-hydroxyacetic acid
- Details on test material:
- Glycolic acid
Constituent 1
Results and discussion
Any other information on results incl. tables
Supplementary reference, DuPont, 1940. There were no toxic or abnormal symptoms in five human subjects who orally ingested 2.25 g of glycolic acid daily for 12 weeks or in five human subjects after 36 weeks. The glycolic acid was contained in five 500 mg capsules containing a mixture of 16.7% glycolic acid, 16.6% of the Ca salt, 50% of the Na salt, and 16.7% of the polyacid.
Supplementary reference, Milhorat and Toscani, 1936 There were no toxic symptoms in patients with muscular dystrophy who were orally given glycolic acid and NaHA at levels of 250-400 mg/kg/day for up to seven days. The authors did not believe that glycolic acid was converted to oxalic acid in humans.
Supplementary reference, Gabow et al., 1986 Ethylene glycol intoxication produces a severe metabolic acidosis with an increased anion gap. The authors examined three patients with this intoxication to identify the organic acids that cause acidemia in humans and to determine how effectively these acids can be removed during dialysis. All patients had markedly elevated glycolic acid levels of more than seven meq/L; two patients had lactic acidosis, with lactic acid levels of greater than 5.0 meq/L. Hemodialysis clearance of glycolic acid was 105 mL/minute, and 159 meq was removed in three hours. After hemodialysis using a bicarbonate dialysate, the mean anion gap decreased from 34 to 23 meq/L; the mean serum bicarbonate concentration increased from 5.5 to 20 meq/L. Therefore, glycolic and lactic acids are important in the acidosis caused by ethylene glycol intoxication in humans. Hemodialysis treatment with a bicarbonate dialysate is an efficient method for removing glycolic acid and resolving acidemia.
Supplementary reference, Hewlett et al., 1986. Glycolic acid is the ethylene glycol metabolite that accumulates in the highest concentration in the blood and may be the major contributing factor to its acute toxicity. Serum and urine levels of glycolic acid have been found to correlate directly with clinical symptoms and mortality in poisoning cases, making it a valuable diagnostic tool.
Supplementary reference, Jacobsen et al., 1988. Ethylene glycol (EG) and glycolate (glycolic acid) pharmacokinetics were studied in two adult patients who had ingested antifreeze. Therapy with i.v. ethyl alcohol was discussed. The patients had maximal EG concentrations of 40.9 and 56.4 mM/L, respectively. Both patients survived, but with prolonged renal failure. Glycolic acid was the major cause of the metabolic acidosis in each case. Kinetic calculations showed that both EG and glycolate were distributed in total body water with plasma half-lives of 8.4 and seven hours, respectively. The half-life of EG was increased more than 10-fold by ethyl alcohol treatment alone. Calcium oxalate monohydrate crystalluria was dominant in both cases
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- No clinical cases of poisoning by administration by glycolic acid were available. The occupational health nurse responsible for the production plant confirmed no medical reports of adverse effects to staff working in the production area. Reviews of published literature and an Australian Regulatory submission for use of cosmetic glycolic acid, revealed studies where glycolic acid exposures have been encountered.
- Executive summary:
No clinical cases of poisoning by administration by glycolic acid were available. The occupational health nurse responsible for the production plant confirmed no medical reports of adverse effects to staff working in the production area. Reviews of published literature and an Australian Regulatory submission for use of cosmetic glycolic acid, revealed studies where glycolic acid exposures have been encountered.
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