Graphene

Flammability

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

flammable solids

Data waiving:

study scientifically not necessary / other information available

Justification for data waiving:

other:

Reference 2

Endpoint:

pyrophoric solids

Data waiving:

study scientifically not necessary / other information available

Justification for data waiving:

the study does not need to be conducted because the substance is known to be stable in contact with air at room temperature for prolonged periods of time (days) and hence, the classification procedure does not need to be applied

Reference 3

Endpoint:

substances / mixtures which in contact with water emit flammable gases

Data waiving:

study scientifically not necessary / other information available

Justification for data waiving:

the study does not need to be conducted because the experience in production or handling shows that the substance does not react with water, e.g. the substance is manufactured with water or washed with water

Reference 4

Endpoint:

self-heating substances / mixtures

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

06 Feb 2017 - 27 Feb 2017

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

UN Manual of Tests and Criteria: Test N.4 (Test method for self-heating substances)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

not specified

Test procedure:

100 mm sample cube at 140°C

Result:

negative outcome (no effect observed)

Table2 : Detailed UN 4.2 Test Results

Basket Number	Basket Size (mm cube)	Test Temperature (°C)	Test System	Sample Weight (g)	Ignition Yes (Y) / No (N)
1	100	140	10	7.4	N

Interpretation of results:

other: EU GHS criteria not met

Conclusions:

No self-heating was observed for the test item under the test conditions, indicating a maybe possible self-ignition temperature > 140°C.

Executive summary:

Self-heating properties of the test item was assessed according to UN Manual of Tests and Criteria: Test N.4 (Test method for self-heating substances). No self-heating was observed for the test item under the test conditions.

Description of key information

Flammability:

Graphene can be used as flame retardant (e.g. Sang et al., 2016). In addition, the test item graphite, which consists of multiple layers of graphene, is not a highly flammable solid in the sense of the European Commission Regulation (EC) No.  440/2008, Method A.10. and it is not a flammable solid in the sense of  the classification criteria as laid down in Regulation (EC) No.  1272/2008 (CLP Regulation), as mentioned in the disseminated ECHA registration dossier. Therefore, the study is scientifically not necessary.

Flammability, contact with water:

The study is scientifically not necessary, because experiance in production or handling shows, that the substances does not react with water.

Flammability, pyrophoric solids:

The study is scientifically not necessary, because the substance is known to be stable in contact with air at room temperature for prolonged periods of time (days).

Flammability, self-heating substances:

Self-heating properties of the test item was assessed according to UN Manual of Tests and Criteria: Test N.4 (Test method for self-heating substances). No self-heating was observed for the test item under the test conditions.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Flammability:

not classified

Justification for classification or non-classification

Flammability testing is scientifically not necessary for this inorganic substance because the substance is commonly known to be not flammable. This is supported by the fact, that the substance is used as flame retardant and that graphite, which consists of multiple layers of graphene, is not a highly flammable solid in the sense of the European Commission Regulation (EC) No.  440/2008, Method A.10. and it is not a flammable solid in the sense of  the classification criteria as laid down in Regulation (EC) No.  1272/2008 (CLP Regulation), as mentioned in the disseminated ECHA registration dossier.

Based on the physical state, the structural elements and the melting point the substance has neither to be classified as flammable in contact with air, nor as pyrophoric solid

Based on study results according to UN Manual of Tests and Criteria: Test N.4 (Test method for self-heating substances) the substance has no self-heating properties becausee no ignition was observed at a temperature of 140 °C in a 100 mm basket.