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EC number: 202-851-5 | CAS number: 100-42-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to soil macroorganisms except arthropods
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to soil macroorganisms except arthropods: short-term
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 21 June to 5 July 1995
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 207 (Earthworm, Acute Toxicity Tests)
- Version / remarks:
- Artificial Soil Test
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Remarks:
- no attest of authority
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Sampling method: on test days 0, 7 and 14 removal of approx. 10 g wet weight from each treatment level and control
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: upon receipt, test material stored under refrigeration - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- - Method of mixing into soil (if used): Mixed using a glass rod through a small hole in the glass container covering aluminium foil
- Test organisms (species):
- Eisenia fetida
- Animal group:
- annelids
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: earthworm
- Source: Carolina Biological Supply Company, Burlington, North Carolina
- Age at test initiation (mean and range, SD): mature with clitellum
- Weight at test initiation (mean and range, SD): mean (incl. control) 0.346 g, range: 0.31 - 0.40 g, SD: 0.033
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: removal from culture and placing into acclimation vessel on the day before test initiation
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): same
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): no - Study type:
- laboratory study
- Substrate type:
- artificial soil
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 14 d
- Test temperature:
- 20 ± 2°C
- pH:
- 6.1 - 6.5
- Moisture:
- 25 - 29%
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test container (material, size): 1-liter wide-mouth glass vessels, ratio width to height 1:2
- Amount of soil or substrate: approximately 750 g per container (equivalent to 0.5 kg dry weight)
- No. of organisms per container (treatment): 10
- No. of replicates per treatment group: 4
- No. of replicates per control: 4
SOURCE AND PROPERTIES OF SUBSTRATE (if soil)
- Composition (if artificial substrate): 70% industrial sand (Wedron Silicea Co.), 20% U.S. Pharmacopia kolin collodial powder (Mallinckrodt), 10% sphagnum peat moss (Magic Products, Inc.)
- Pretreatment of soil: preparation at initiation of definitive exposure and at 7-day renewal period
- Stability and homogeneity of test material in the medium: test material and artificial soil were mixed using a Hobart Mixer (Model # 200 A), Hobart mixing bowls were covered with aluminium foil
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 24 h
- Light intensity: 40 to 67 footcandles
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : mortality (7 and 14 days after test initiation)
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 2
- Range finding study
- Test concentrations: nominal concentrations of 0.10, 1.0, 10, 1000 mg A.I./kg; additional pilot study with concentrations of 100, 1000 and 2000 mg A.I./kg and covering of mixing bowls with aluminium foil in order to provide information regarding the potential volatilization
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: 100% survival in first range finding study versus 100% (100 mg/kg), 15% (1000 mg/kg) and 0% (2000 mg/kg) in additional pilot study - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- nominal: 125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000 mg A.I./kg
measured (mean): 23, 44, 65, 180, 500 mg A.I./kg
percent of nominal: 18, 18, 13, 18, 25 - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Chloroacetamide
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 120 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL: 99 - 150
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 65 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: burrowing time and mean percent weight change
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 180 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: survival
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 34 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: mean percent weight change
- Remarks on result:
- other: * see remarks below
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 500 - < 1 000 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Details on results:
- - Mortality at end of exposure period: 0% (23 mg A.I./kg), 15% (44 mg A.I./kg), 22% (65 mg A.I./kg), 60% (180 mg A.I./kg), 100% (500 mg A.I./kg)
- Total mass of adults at beginning of test: individal mean at beginning: 0.346 g, thus total mass approximately 83.04 g (0.346 x 40 individuals x 6 (control + 5 concentrations)
- Changes in body weigth of live adults (% of initial weight) at end of exposure period: -10.78% (control), -10.18% (23 mg A.I./kg), -15.83% (44 mg A.I./kg), -32% (65 mg A.I./kg), -7.8% (180 mg A.I./kg), not applicable (500 mg A.I./kg)
- Behavioural abnormalities:
- Other biological observations: Burrowing time - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid? yes
- Relevant effect levels: LC50: 14 mg A.I./kg
- Other:
Reference
Alexander (1997) re-evaluated the study in terms of the minimum concentration to which the worms were exposed over the course of the study. He concluded that the NOEC value could be assumed to be 34 mg/kg, if not higher.
Taking into account the very large discrepancy between nominal concentrations and analytical masurementes (even at day 0) in the test, it seems more appropriate to base the effects on nominal concentrations. Basing the results on nominal concentrations the EC50 would lie in the range 500 - 1000 mg/kg dw.
Description of key information
No data on chronic terrestrial toxicity are available. However, the substance is not persistent in the soil compartment. The equilibrium partitioning method has been used for assessing the hazard to soil organisms.
The acute toxicity was tested on Eisenia fetida. The LC50 after 14 d was determined to be 120 mg/kg soil.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Short-term EC50 or LC50 for soil macroorganisms:
- 120 mg/kg soil dw
Additional information
A study on the toxicity of styrene to earthworms (Eisenia foetida) was carried out using OECD Guideline 207 (Springborn, 1995). The test was conducted under a cover to reduce volatilisation of the test substance. The concentration of styrene in the soil was measured at the start and at the end of each seven-days period. Total exposure time was 14 days. Results of the test were a 14 -day LC50 of 120 mg/kg and a NOEC for weight change of 44 mg/kg. However, Alexander (1997) re-evaluated the study in terms of the minimum concentration to which the worms were exposed over the course of the study. He concluded that the NOEC value could be assumed to be 34 mg/kg, if not higher.
Taking into account the very large discrepancy between nominal concentrations and analytical masurementes (even at day 0) in the test, it seems more appropriate to base the effects on nominal concentrations.
Basing the results on nominal concentrations the EC50 would lie in the range 500 - 1000 mg/kg dw
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