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EC number: 202-851-5 | CAS number: 100-42-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 07 February to 14 September 1995
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OTS 797.1050 (Algal Toxicity, Tiers I and II)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Remarks:
- no attest of authority
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: measured at test initiation, 24 h and test termination (96 h)
- Quality control samples were taken at test initiation, 24 h and 96 h
- Temperature: measured continuously in a flask of water adjacent to the test flasks, minimum and maximum temperature was recorded daily
- Shaking rate: recorded daily
- Light intensity: measured at test initiation and than at each 24-hour interval of exposure period
- pH and conductivity: measured at test initiation (conducted on the test solution remaining in mixing flasks after filling of individual test flasks) and at test termination after 96 h (conducted in a composite of individual replicate solutions monitored on that day for each treatment and control)
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: refrigerated - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: Dilution of 0.967 mL Styrene in 4.4 L water (sterile, deionised) to give a stock solution of 200 mg A.I./L. Appropriate volumes of the stock solution were diluted to 4.0 L with dilution water in order to prepare test solutions with nominal concentrations of Styrene equal to 0.073, 0.24, 0.81, 2.7, 9.0, 30 and 100 mg A.I./L - Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: freshwater green alga
- Strain: 1648
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): originally obtained from Carolina Biological Supply Company, Burlington, North Carolina, USA, than in stock solution at Springborn Laboratories
- Age of inoculum (at test initiation): from stock solution culture that had been transferred to fresh medium three days prior to testing
- Method of cultivation: Culture medium was Algal Assay Procedure (AAP) medium prepared with sterile and deionized water. Stock cultures were grown in 125 mL glass flasks containing 50 mL medium
ACCLIMATION
- Culturing media and conditions (same as test or not): test medium deviates from culture medium due to the addition of 500 mg/L of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Test temperature:
- 24 - 25°C
- pH:
- 7.6 at test initiation and 8.5 - 9.4 at test termination
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- nominal: 0.073, 0.24, 0.81, 2.7, 9.0, 30, 100 mg A.I./L
measured (mean): 0.023, 0.063, 0.28, 0.68, 2.0, 7.0, 28 mg A.I./L
percent of nominal: 31, 26, 35, 25, 22, 23, 28 - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Type (delete if not applicable): closed
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: glass, zero headspace, 265 mL
- Initial cells density: 253 x 10E4 cells/mL
- Control end cells density: 108 x 10E4 cells/mL (mean)
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 12 (3 replicates at each observation interval: 24, 48, 72, 96 h)
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 12 (3 replicates at each observation interval: 24, 48, 72, 96 h)
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes (APP medium acc. to US. EPA), deviations: 1.368 mg/L K2HPO4 x 3H2O, 1.88 µg/L Na2SeO4
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: sterile, deionised water
- Total organic carbon: 0.65 mg/L (analysed in May 1995)
- Metals: none detected at concentrations that are considered toxic
- Pesticides: none detected at concentrations that are considered toxic
- Conductivity: 500 µmhos/cm
- Culture medium different from test medium: no
- Intervals of water quality measurement: at test initiation and termination
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: yes
- Adjustment of pH: 7.5 ± 0.1
- Photoperiod: continuous
- Light intensity and quality: 300 - 500 footcandles
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : cell density (interval of 24 h at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h)
- Determination of cell concentrations: counting chamber
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 3.3
- Range finding study
- Test concentrations: 0.020, 0.20, 2.0, 20, 200 mg A.I./L (nominal)
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: cell densities at test termination in treatment levels 0.020 - 200 mg A.I./L averaged 116, 111, 96, 82 and 0.13 x 10E4 cells/mL - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 4.9 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 6.3 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 0.28 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control (for algal test): no
- Observation of abnormalities (for algal test):
- Unusual cell shape: at test termination cell fragments and bloated cells in 0.68, 2.0 and 7.0 mg A.I./L test solutions, only cell fragments in 28 mg A.I./L
- other: due to severe growth inhibition at concentration 7.0 mg A.I./L an aliqout was removed to determine algicidal/algistatic effects of the test material. After being diluted with fresh medium to a concentration equal to the established NOEC the observation of growth indicates an algistatic rather than an algicidal effect at 7.0 mg A.I./L. - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Statistical analysis was conducted (Williams' Test)
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The 72 h EC50 on Styrene showed acute tocixity of 4.9 mg/L on green algae.
- Executive summary:
Styrene was testet for possible toxicological effects on the green algae Scenedesmus. The EC 50 after 72 h was found to be 4.9 mg/L.
Reference
EC50(96h) = 0.72 mg/L, cell density
EC10(96h) = 0.13 mg/L, cell density
EC50(72h) = 1.4 mg/L, cell density
Description of key information
Acutely toxic to aquatic algae.
Styrole was testet for possible toxicological effects on the green algae Scenedesmus. The EC 50 after 72 h was found to be 4.9 mg/L.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 4.9 mg/L
Additional information
The effect of styrene on the green alga Selenastrum capricornutum was tested using a test method in accordance with US EPA Guideline, modified in order to minimise the volatilisation of the test compound from the test vessels. Concentrations were measured at 0, 24 and 96 hours during the test (Springborn 1995). The test is considered to be valid. The 72 -hours EC50 based on growth rate (ErC50) was calculated to be 4.9 mg/l.
The toxicity treshold for Scenedesmus quadricauda of > 200 mg/l after eight days of exposure ((Bringmann & Kühn, 1977) is considered as not valid, since it was not clear whether a stable test substance concentration was maintained during the test.
The effect of styrene on the green alga R. subcapitata was tested using a test method in accordance with OECD Guideline. Concentrations were measured at 0, 72 hours during the test (Yoshikawa et al. 2022). The test is considered to be valid. The 72 -hours EC50 based on growth rate (ErC50) was calculated to be 5.99 mg/l.
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