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EC number: 203-137-6 | CAS number: 103-71-9
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Justification for type of information:
- According to handbook data, isocyanates react rapidly with water forming aminic structures as well as carbamic acids, which are mostly unstable, and ureas under release of carbon dioxide. Monitoring the amine formation in hydrolysis studies gives a picture of the degradation of the isocyanate. This behaviour of isocyanates has been used in studies to determine the rate of degradation*. In Guidance on IR & CSA Chapter R.6 it is mentioned that degradation products instead of parent substance can be investigated for ecotoxicological effects if the hydrolysis is very rapidly (t1/2 <1 h), OECD Guidance Document on Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Difficult Substances and Mixtures (2000) and Guidance on IR & CSA Chapter R.7b state the same. As phenyl isocyanate hydrolyses to aniline this is the ecotoxicological relevant species. Concluding, tests performed using the corresponding amine can equally be used to assess the ecotoxicological hazards of phenyl isocyanate. An underestimation of environmental hazards is thus avoided supporting a conservative and thus protective hazard assessment.
* Bayer Industry Services (2004), 4-chlorophenyl-isocyanate: Investigation on Stability in Aqueous Test Solutions. Project No: 200300181. Leverkusen, Germany.
Bayer Industry Services (2003), Isopropyl isocyanate: Investigation on Stability in Aqueous Test Solutions. Project No: 200300095. Leverkusen, Germany. - Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across: supporting information
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: EPA Daphnia acute toxicity test. 40 CFR Ch. 1 (7-1-92 Edition), § 797.1200
- Deviations:
- no
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- fulfils the requirements of the following guidelines:
- ISO 6341 (1989)
- OECD 202 (1993)
- EEC Directive 92/69/EEC, C.2 (1992) - GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Chemical analysis: in lowest, median and highest test concentration (after 0, 24, and 48 h)
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Source: Lake Langedam, Birkerod, Denmark; cultured since 1979 at VKI
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): < 24 h - Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Hardness:
- 250 +/- 25 mg/l as CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 20 +/- 1 °C
- pH:
- 8.0-8.1
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 94-97 % of saturation
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 0 (control), 0.0125, 0.025, 0.05, 0.10, 0.20, and 0.40 mg/L (nominal)
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 250-mL glass vessels with 125 mL test solution; 24 h prior to testing saturated with test solution
- Renewal rate of test solution: after 24 h
- No. of organisms per vessel: 4-6 animals
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: ISO medium, prepared from deionised water
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16/8 h day/night rhythm
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
temperature (continuously), pH, dissolved oxygen, immobility, abnormal behaviour (after 24 and 48 h)
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 0.4 - 0.0125 mg/L, dilution factor 2 - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7)
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 0.16 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL 0.13-0.21
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 0.091 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL 0.049-0.121
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- other: EC90
- Effect conc.:
- 0.359 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL 0.276-0.612
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- No data
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- The toxicity to aquatic invertebrates (Daphnia magna) of aniline was measured during 48 hours and a EC50 of 0.16 mg/L was determined.
- Executive summary:
To assess the acute toxicity of aniline to aquatic invertebrates a semi-static study was conducted according to EPA Daphnia acute toxicity test. 40 CFR Ch. 1 (7-1-92 Edition), § 797.1200. The toxicity of aniline to Daphnia magna was measured during 48 hours and a EC50 of 0.16 mg/L was determined.
According to handbook data, isocyanates react rapidly with water forming aminic structures as well as carbamic acids, which are mostly unstable, and ureas under release of carbon dioxide. Monitoring the amine formation in hydrolysis studies gives a picture of the degradation of the isocyanate. This behaviour of isocyanates has been used in studies to determine the rate of degradation*. In Guidance on IR & CSA Chapter R.6 it is mentioned that degradation products instead of parent substance can be investigated for ecotoxicological effects if the hydrolysis is very rapidly (t1/2 <1 h), OECD Guidance Document on Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Difficult Substances and Mixtures (2000) and Guidance on IR & CSA Chapter R.7b state the same. As phenyl isocyanate hydrolyses to aniline this is the ecotoxicological relevant species. Concluding, tests performed using the corresponding amine can equally be used to assess the ecotoxicological hazards of phenyl isocyanate. An underestimation of environmental hazards is thus avoided supporting a conservative and thus protective hazard assessment.
* Bayer Industry Services (2004), 4-chlorophenyl-isocyanate: Investigation on Stability in Aqueous Test Solutions. Project No: 200300181. Leverkusen, Germany.
Bayer Industry Services (2003), Isopropyl isocyanate: Investigation on Stability in Aqueous Test Solutions. Project No: 200300095. Leverkusen, Germany.
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Justification for type of information:
- According to handbook data, isocyanates react rapidly with water forming aminic structures as well as carbamic acids, which are mostly unstable, and ureas under release of carbon dioxide. Monitoring the amine formation in hydrolysis studies gives a picture of the degradation of the isocyanate. This behaviour of isocyanates has been used in studies to determine the rate of degradation*. In Guidance on IR & CSA Chapter R.6 it is mentioned that degradation products instead of parent substance can be investigated for ecotoxicological effects if the hydrolysis is very rapidly (t1/2 <1 h), OECD Guidance Document on Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Difficult Substances and Mixtures (2000) and Guidance on IR & CSA Chapter R.7b state the same. As phenyl isocyanate hydrolyses to aniline this is the ecotoxicological relevant species. Concluding, tests performed using the corresponding amine can equally be used to assess the ecotoxicological hazards of phenyl isocyanate. An underestimation of environmental hazards is thus avoided supporting a conservative and thus protective hazard assessment.
* Bayer Industry Services (2004), 4-chlorophenyl-isocyanate: Investigation on Stability in Aqueous Test Solutions. Project No: 200300181. Leverkusen, Germany.
Bayer Industry Services (2003), Isopropyl isocyanate: Investigation on Stability in Aqueous Test Solutions. Project No: 200300095. Leverkusen, Germany. - Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 0.16 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL 0.13-0.21
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 0.091 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL 0.049-0.121
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- other: EC90
- Effect conc.:
- 0.359 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL 0.276-0.612
- Conclusions:
- The toxicity to aquatic invertebrates (Daphnia magna) of aniline was measured during 48 hours and a EC50 of 0.16 mg/L was determined.
- Executive summary:
To assess the acute toxicity of aniline to aquatic invertebrates a semi-static study was conducted according to EPA Daphnia acute toxicity test. 40 CFR Ch. 1 (7-1-92 Edition), § 797.1200. The toxicity of aniline to Daphnia magna was measured during 48 hours and a EC50 of 0.16 mg/L was determined.
According to handbook data, isocyanates react rapidly with water forming aminic structures as well as carbamic acids, which are mostly unstable, and ureas under release of carbon dioxide. Monitoring the amine formation in hydrolysis studies gives a picture of the degradation of the isocyanate. This behaviour of isocyanates has been used in studies to determine the rate of degradation*. In Guidance on IR & CSA Chapter R.6 it is mentioned that degradation products instead of parent substance can be investigated for ecotoxicological effects if the hydrolysis is very rapidly (t1/2 <1 h), OECD Guidance Document on Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Difficult Substances and Mixtures (2000) and Guidance on IR & CSA Chapter R.7b state the same. As phenyl isocyanate hydrolyses to aniline this is the ecotoxicological relevant species. Concluding, tests performed using the corresponding amine can equally be used to assess the ecotoxicological hazards of phenyl isocyanate. An underestimation of environmental hazards is thus avoided supporting a conservative and thus protective hazard assessment.
* Bayer Industry Services (2004), 4-chlorophenyl-isocyanate: Investigation on Stability in Aqueous Test Solutions. Project No: 200300181. Leverkusen, Germany.
Bayer Industry Services (2003), Isopropyl isocyanate: Investigation on Stability in Aqueous Test Solutions. Project No: 200300095. Leverkusen, Germany.
Referenceopen allclose all
effect values (mg/L):
nominal measured method
24-h EC50 0.47 0.43 A
48-h EC50 0.18 (0.14-0.23) 0.16 (0.13-0.21) B
24-h EC10 0.168
48-h EC10 0.091 (0.049-0.121)
24-h EC90 1.65
48-h EC90 0.359 (0.276-0.612)
A: linear regression
B: Probit
immobility:
test conc. immobile animals
nominal 0 h 24 h 48 h
(mg/L)
0 (control) 30 0 1
0.0125 20 0 0
0.025 21 0 0
0.05 20 0 1
0.10 20 0 2
0.20 20 0 11
0.40 20 10 19
pH, dissolved oxygen:
test conc. pH dissolved oxygen
nominal (% of saturation)
(mg/L) 0 h 24 h 48 h 0 h 24 h 48 h
0 (control) 8.0 8.1 8.1 94 96 98
0.10 8.0 8.1 8.1 96 96 97
0.20 8.0 8.1 8.0 96 96 97
0.40 8.0 8.0 8.0 96 96 96
chemcial analysis:
test conc. (mg/L)
nominal measured (mean, n = 4)
0 (control) 0.0003
0.0125 0.010775
0.05 0.04765
0.40 0.365325
effect values (mg/L):
nominal measured method
24-h EC50 0.47 0.43 A
48-h EC50 0.18 (0.14-0.23) 0.16 (0.13-0.21) B
24-h EC10 0.168
48-h EC10 0.091 (0.049-0.121)
24-h EC90 1.65
48-h EC90 0.359 (0.276-0.612)
A: linear regression
B: Probit
immobility:
test conc. immobile animals
nominal 0 h 24 h 48 h
(mg/L)
0 (control) 30 0 1
0.0125 20 0 0
0.025 21 0 0
0.05 20 0 1
0.10 20 0 2
0.20 20 0 11
0.40 20 10 19
pH, dissolved oxygen:
test conc. pH dissolved oxygen
nominal (% of saturation)
(mg/L) 0 h 24 h 48 h 0 h 24 h 48 h
0 (control) 8.0 8.1 8.1 94 96 98
0.10 8.0 8.1 8.1 96 96 97
0.20 8.0 8.1 8.0 96 96 97
0.40 8.0 8.0 8.0 96 96 96
chemcial analysis:
test conc. (mg/L)
nominal measured (mean, n = 4)
0 (control) 0.0003
0.0125 0.010775
0.05 0.04765
0.40 0.365325
Description of key information
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates (Daphnia magna) of the hydrolysis product aniline was measured during 48 hours and showed an EC50 of 0.16 mg/L.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 0.16 mg/L
Additional information
No data on short-term toxicity towards aquatic invertebrates are available for phneyl isocyanate. As for the hydrolysis product aniline short-term toxicity studies are available and a read-across approach is applied, based on the following assumption:
According to handbook data, isocyanates react rapidly with water forming aminic structures as well as carbamic acids, which are mostly unstable, and ureas under release of carbon dioxide. Monitoring the amine formation in hydrolysis studies gives a picture of the degradation of the isocyanate. This behaviour of isocyanates has been used in studies to determine the rate of degradation*. In Guidance on IR & CSA Chapter R.6 it is mentioned that degradation products instead of parent substance can be investigated for ecotoxicological effects if the hydrolysis is very rapidly (t1/2 <1 h), OECD Guidance Document on Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Difficult Substances and Mixtures (2000) and Guidance on IR & CSA Chapter R.7b state the same. As phenyl isocyanate hydrolyses to aniline this is the ecotoxicological relevant species. Concluding, tests performed using the corresponding amine can equally be used to assess the ecotoxicological hazards of phenyl isocyanate. An underestimation of environmental hazards is thus avoided supporting a conservative and thus protective hazard assessment.
* Bayer Industry Services (2004), 4-chlorophenyl-isocyanate: Investigation on Stability in Aqueous Test Solutions. Project No: 200300181. Leverkusen, Germany.
Bayer Industry Services (2003), Isopropyl isocyanate: Investigation on Stability in Aqueous Test Solutions. Project No: 200300095. Leverkusen, Germany.
For assessment, only the most reliable and sensitive study is considered for read-across.
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates (Daphnia magna) of the hydrolysis product aniline was measured during 48 hours and showed an EC50 of 0.16 mg/L.
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