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EC number: 203-137-6 | CAS number: 103-71-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Long-term toxicity to fish
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- fish early-life stage toxicity
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Data from EU Risk Assessment Report.
- Justification for type of information:
- According to handbook data, isocyanates react rapidly with water forming aminic structures as well as carbamic acids, which are mostly unstable, and ureas under release of carbon dioxide. Monitoring the amine formation in hydrolysis studies gives a picture of the degradation of the isocyanate. This behaviour of isocyanates has been used in studies to determine the rate of degradation*. In Guidance on IR & CSA Chapter R.6 it is mentioned that degradation products instead of parent substance can be investigated for ecotoxicological effects if the hydrolysis is very rapidly (t1/2 <1 h), OECD Guidance Document on Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Difficult Substances and Mixtures (2000) and Guidance on IR & CSA Chapter R.7b state the same. As phenyl isocyanate hydrolyses to aniline this is the ecotoxicological relevant species. Concluding, tests performed using the corresponding amine can equally be used to assess the ecotoxicological hazards of phenyl isocyanate. An underestimation of environmental hazards is thus avoided supporting a conservative and thus protective hazard assessment.
* Bayer Industry Services (2004), 4-chlorophenyl-isocyanate: Investigation on Stability in Aqueous Test Solutions. Project No: 200300181. Leverkusen, Germany.
Bayer Industry Services (2003), Isopropyl isocyanate: Investigation on Stability in Aqueous Test Solutions. Project No: 200300095. Leverkusen, Germany. - Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across: supporting information
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Early life stage test, no further information
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Test concentrations were measured twice per week
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Test organisms (species):
- Pimephales promelas
- Details on test organisms:
- - embryos (< 24 h)
- Test type:
- flow-through
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 32 d
- Details on test conditions:
- observations: survival, hatching, growth (length, weight)
- Duration:
- 32 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.39 mg/L
- Basis for effect:
- other: wet weight and total length
- Duration:
- 32 d
- Dose descriptor:
- other: chronic value
- Effect conc.:
- 0.557 mg/L
- Basis for effect:
- other: wet weight and total length
- Remarks on result:
- other: chronic value: geometric mean of NOEC and LOEC
- Details on results:
- - most sensitive endpoints: wet weight and total length
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- In a flow-through study the long-term toxicity to fish (pimephales promelas, embryos (< 24 h)) of aniline was measured during 32 days and a NOEC of 0.39 mg/L was determined
- Executive summary:
In a flow-through study the long-term toxicity to fish (pimephales promelas, embryos (< 24 h)) of aniline was measured during 32 days and a NOEC of 0.39 mg/L was determined.
According to handbook data, isocyanates react rapidly with water forming aminic structures as well as carbamic acids, which are mostly unstable, and ureas under release of carbon dioxide. Monitoring the amine formation in hydrolysis studies gives a picture of the degradation of the isocyanate. This behaviour of isocyanates has been used in studies to determine the rate of degradation*. In Guidance on IR & CSA Chapter R.6 it is mentioned that degradation products instead of parent substance can be investigated for ecotoxicological effects if the hydrolysis is very rapidly (t1/2 <1 h), OECD Guidance Document on Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Difficult Substances and Mixtures (2000) and Guidance on IR & CSA Chapter R.7b state the same. As phenyl isocyanate hydrolyses to aniline this is the ecotoxicological relevant species. Concluding, tests performed using the corresponding amine can equally be used to assess the ecotoxicological hazards of phenyl isocyanate. An underestimation of environmental hazards is thus avoided supporting a conservative and thus protective hazard assessment.
* Bayer Industry Services (2004), 4-chlorophenyl-isocyanate: Investigation on Stability in Aqueous Test Solutions. Project No: 200300181. Leverkusen, Germany.
Bayer Industry Services (2003), Isopropyl isocyanate: Investigation on Stability in Aqueous Test Solutions. Project No: 200300095. Leverkusen, Germany.
- Endpoint:
- fish early-life stage toxicity
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Justification for type of information:
- According to handbook data, isocyanates react rapidly with water forming aminic structures as well as carbamic acids, which are mostly unstable, and ureas under release of carbon dioxide. Monitoring the amine formation in hydrolysis studies gives a picture of the degradation of the isocyanate. This behaviour of isocyanates has been used in studies to determine the rate of degradation*. In Guidance on IR & CSA Chapter R.6 it is mentioned that degradation products instead of parent substance can be investigated for ecotoxicological effects if the hydrolysis is very rapidly (t1/2 <1 h), OECD Guidance Document on Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Difficult Substances and Mixtures (2000) and Guidance on IR & CSA Chapter R.7b state the same. As phenyl isocyanate hydrolyses to aniline this is the ecotoxicological relevant species. Concluding, tests performed using the corresponding amine can equally be used to assess the ecotoxicological hazards of phenyl isocyanate. An underestimation of environmental hazards is thus avoided supporting a conservative and thus protective hazard assessment.
* Bayer Industry Services (2004), 4-chlorophenyl-isocyanate: Investigation on Stability in Aqueous Test Solutions. Project No: 200300181. Leverkusen, Germany.
Bayer Industry Services (2003), Isopropyl isocyanate: Investigation on Stability in Aqueous Test Solutions. Project No: 200300095. Leverkusen, Germany. - Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Duration:
- 32 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.39 mg/L
- Basis for effect:
- other: wet weight and total length
- Duration:
- 32 d
- Dose descriptor:
- other: chronic value
- Effect conc.:
- 0.557 mg/L
- Basis for effect:
- other: wet weight and total length
- Remarks on result:
- other: chronic value: geometric mean of NOEC and LOEC
- Conclusions:
- In a flow-through study the long-term toxicity to fish (pimephales promelas, embryos (< 24 h)) of aniline was measured during 32 days and a NOEC of 0.39 mg/L was determined
- Executive summary:
In a flow-through study the long-term toxicity to fish (pimephales promelas, embryos (< 24 h)) of aniline was measured during 32 days and a NOEC of 0.39 mg/L was determined
According to handbook data, isocyanates react rapidly with water forming aminic structures as well as carbamic acids, which are mostly unstable, and ureas under release of carbon dioxide. Monitoring the amine formation in hydrolysis studies gives a picture of the degradation of the isocyanate. This behaviour of isocyanates has been used in studies to determine the rate of degradation*. In Guidance on IR & CSA Chapter R.6 it is mentioned that degradation products instead of parent substance can be investigated for ecotoxicological effects if the hydrolysis is very rapidly (t1/2 <1 h), OECD Guidance Document on Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Difficult Substances and Mixtures (2000) and Guidance on IR & CSA Chapter R.7b state the same. As phenyl isocyanate hydrolyses to aniline this is the ecotoxicological relevant species. Concluding, tests performed using the corresponding amine can equally be used to assess the ecotoxicological hazards of phenyl isocyanate. An underestimation of environmental hazards is thus avoided supporting a conservative and thus protective hazard assessment.
* Bayer Industry Services (2004), 4-chlorophenyl-isocyanate: Investigation on Stability in Aqueous Test Solutions. Project No: 200300181. Leverkusen, Germany.
Bayer Industry Services (2003), Isopropyl isocyanate: Investigation on Stability in Aqueous Test Solutions. Project No: 200300095. Leverkusen, Germany.
Referenceopen allclose all
Description of key information
The long-term toxicity to fish (pimephales promelas) of the hydrolysis product aniline was measured during 32 days and a NOEC at 0.39 mg/L was obtained.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water fish
Fresh water fish
- Effect concentration:
- 0.39 mg/L
Additional information
No data on long-term toxicity to fish are available for phenylisocyanate. As for the hydrolysis product aniline long-term toxicity studies are available and a read-across approach is applied, based on the following assumption:
According to handbook data, isocyanates react rapidly with water forming aminic structures as well as carbamic acids, which are mostly unstable, and ureas under release of carbon dioxide. Monitoring the amine formation in hydrolysis studies gives a picture of the degradation of the isocyanate. This behaviour of isocyanates has been used in studies to determine the rate of degradation*. In Guidance on IR & CSA Chapter R.6 it is mentioned that degradation products instead of parent substance can be investigated for ecotoxicological effects if the hydrolysis is very rapidly (t1/2 <1 h), OECD Guidance Document on Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Difficult Substances and Mixtures (2000) and Guidance on IR & CSA Chapter R.7b state the same. As phenyl isocyanate hydrolyses to aniline this is the ecotoxicological relevant species. Concluding, tests performed using the corresponding amine can equally be used to assess the ecotoxicological hazards of phenyl isocyanate. An underestimation of environmental hazards is thus avoided supporting a conservative and thus protective hazard assessment.
* Bayer Industry Services (2004), 4-chlorophenyl-isocyanate: Investigation on Stability in Aqueous Test Solutions. Project No: 200300181. Leverkusen, Germany.
Bayer Industry Services (2003), Isopropyl isocyanate: Investigation on Stability in Aqueous Test Solutions. Project No: 200300095. Leverkusen, Germany.
For assessment, only the most reliable and sensitive study is considered for read-across.
The long-term toxicity to fish (pimephales promelas) of aniline was measured during 32 days and a NOEC at 0.39 mg/L was obtained.
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