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Environmental fate & pathways

Bioaccumulation: aquatic / sediment

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Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference
Endpoint:
bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: The purity of the test substance was not reported or documented in the raw data. There was considerable polar radioactivity material not identified.
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
other: 165-4 Bioaccumulation in Fish
GLP compliance:
yes
Radiolabelling:
yes
Details on sampling:
Fish were harvested at 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of exposure and after 1, 3, 8 and 14 days depuration. Harvests were divided into head, body and viscera.
Test organisms (species):
Lepomis macrochirus
Details on test organisms:
weighed 8 +/- 2.4 g, Length 8.3 +/- 0.6 cm, acclimatised for 30 days in 100 L tank prior to exposure.
Route of exposure:
aqueous
Test type:
flow-through
Water / sediment media type:
natural water: freshwater
Total exposure / uptake duration:
1 - 28 d
Total depuration duration:
1 - 14 d
Hardness:
35 mg/L (as calcium carbonate)
Test temperature:
17 +/- 1 degree C
pH:
7.1
Dissolved oxygen:
5.8 mg/L (37-65%)
TOC:
Not applicable
Salinity:
Not applicable
Nominal and measured concentrations:
1 ppb
Type:
BCF
Value:
13 - <= 25 dimensionless
Basis:
edible fraction
Time of plateau:
7 d
Calculation basis:
other: sample concentration / water concentration
Remarks on result:
other: Conc.in environment / dose:1 ppb
Type:
BCF
Value:
227 - <= 644 dimensionless
Basis:
other: viscera
Time of plateau:
7 d
Calculation basis:
other: sample concentation/water concentration
Remarks on result:
other: Conc.in environment / dose:1 ppb
Type:
BCF
Value:
24 - <= 42 dimensionless
Basis:
other: Head
Time of plateau:
7 d
Remarks on result:
other: Conc.in environment / dose:1 ppb
Type:
BCF
Value:
60 dimensionless
Basis:
whole body w.w.
Time of plateau:
7 d
Remarks on result:
other: Mean calculated BCF for whole fish
Remarks:
Conc.in environment / dose:1 ppb
Elimination:
yes
Parameter:
other:
Depuration time (DT):
14 d
Metabolites:
CGA-55960 and sulfate of CGA-55960
Details on results:
Only viscera had enough radioactivy for further characterisation. At 28 days 43%, 61% and 4% of the total radioactivity occurred in organic, aqueous and non-extractable portions respectiviely. The total recovery was 108% (within the 90-110% guidelines)

Data show that uptake plateaued in all tissues at 7 days exposure. Greatest rate of bioaccumulation was in the viscera, resulting in levels of 400 to 500 times that in the water, whilst that in head and body was only 10 - 40 fold.

When removed from exposure to CGA-15324 the fish rapidly lost 90% of the radioactivity in all tissues.

Characterisation of the water at 15 and 21 days indicated 40 -60% of the total radioactivity was CGA-15324, about 15% was CGA-55960 and 25% chromatographed with CGA-55960 sulfate. At 28 days 55% was CGA-55960 which could be due to hydrolysis of the excretory metabolite. Concentrations in the diluter (not in contact with fish) were 85% CGA-15324 and 15% CGA-55960.

Bioconcentration factors calculated by dividing the mean residue by the mean water concentration.

Conclusions:
The overall mean BCF for whole bluegill fish is 60.One of the recoveries was outside the 90-110% criteria, however mean overall recovery was 98%.40% of extracted radioactivity at 28 days was unidentified polar material.The purity of the test substance was not reported.
Executive summary:

The metabolism and bioaccumulation of profenofos was studied in bluegill fish in a dynamic flow aquatic flow system. A mean concentration of 0.9 ppb was maintained throughout the exposure period. Fish were exposed for 28 days. Uptake reached a plateau at 7 days with mean residues of 15, 22 -38 and 288 -608 ppb in edible portions, head and viscera respectively. Residues declined rapidly during the depuration period reaching levels of 1, 2 and 7 ppb respectively by the 8th day.

The Bioconcentration Factors (BCF) were 17x, 24 -42x and 320 -676x for edible portions, head and viscera respectively. The mean calculated BCF for whole fish was 60x.

The main metabolite was CGA-55960 at 33 - 48%. At 28 days 40% was unidentified polar material and less than 10% was unextracted.

Description of key information

The whole fish BCF is 60 for bluegill fish. Plateau concentration reached at 7 days and residues declined very rapidly over 14 days depuration.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

BCF (aquatic species):
60 dimensionless

Additional information

The metabolism and bioaccumulation of profenofos was studied in bluegill fish in a dynamic flow aquatic flow system. A mean concentration of 0.9 ppb was maintained throughout the exposure period. Fish were exposed for 28 days. Uptake reached a plateau at 7 days with mean residues of 15, 22 -38 and 288 -608 ppb in edible portions, head and viscera respectively. Residues declined rapidly during the depuration period reaching levels of 1, 2 and 7 ppb respectively by the 8th day.

The Bioconcentration Factors (BCF) were 17x, 24 -42x and 320 -676x for edible portions, head and viscera respectively. The mean calculated BCF for whole fish was 60x.

The main metabolite was CGA-55960 at 33 - 48%. At 28 days 40% was unidentified polar material and less than 10% was unextracted.