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EC number: 203-185-8 | CAS number: 104-21-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2016-02-29 to 2016-03-03
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Freshwater Alga and Cyanobacteria, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 2011
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: The control and the samples 0.253 mg/L to 2.53 mg/L were analysed undiluted. The samples 8.00 mg/L, 25.3 mg/L and 80 mg/L were diluted with mobile phase, prior to analysis.
- Sampling method: All concentration levels and the control were analytically verified via HPLC-DAD after 0 hours (start of exposure) and 72 hours (end of exposure). Separate replicates for the test item analysis at the beginning of exposure were prepared with algae. For the test item analysis after 72 hours samples were taken from the test replicates.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: All samples were stored at 6 ± 2 °C until sample preparation and at room temperature until the start of the analysis - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: Stock solution of 80.0 mg/L was freshly prepared with dilution water and stirred for 20 min at room temperature and 1100 rpm.
- Controls: Six replicates (without test item) were exposed under the same conditions as the test concentrations. Potassium dichromate was tested as a reference item.
- Evidence of undissolved material: No - Test organisms (species):
- Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (previous names: Raphidocelis subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata
- Strain: HINDAK, SAG 61.81
- Method of cultivation: Fresh stocks are prepared every month on Z-Agar. Light intensity amounted to 35-70 µE * m*exp-2 * s*exp-1 for 24 hours per day. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Hardness:
- 0.24 mmol Ca+Mg/L
- Test temperature:
- 21 - 24 °C, controlled at ± 2 °C
- pH:
- 8.1 ± 0.2
- Dissolved oxygen:
- No data was provided.
- Salinity:
- Freshwater was used.
- Conductivity:
- No data was provided.
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal: 0.253 - 0.800 - 2.53 - 8.00 - 25.3 - 80.0 mg/L
Measured: 0.198 - 0.621 - 1.99 - 6.99 - 23.1 - 76.7 mg/L - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Erlenmeyer flasks, volume: 250 mL
- Type: sealed with cotton wool plugs
- Fill volume: 100 mL
- Initial cells density: Nominal: approximately 5 x 10*exp3 - 10*exp4 cells/mL Current: 6305 cells/mL
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6
- Agitation: Test containers were placed on a rotary shaker and oscillated at approximately 70 rpm.
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: According to guideline
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: yes
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: 24 h/day
- Light intensity and quality: 60 - 120 µE * m*exp-2 * s*exp-1; Light homogeneitywas within ± 15 % over incubation area.
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Chlorophyll measurement: yes, Chlorophyll-a-fluorescence daily with excitation at 436 nm, emission at 685 nm
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: dilution factor of √10 (~ 3.16)
- Range finding study: yes
- Test concentrations: nominal, 100, 10, 1.0 and 0.1 mg/L - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 6.99 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 23.1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 28.8 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 24.6-69.1
- Remarks:
- 95 % Confidence Intervals
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC20
- Effect conc.:
- 39.2 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 28.8-70.5
- Remarks:
- 95 % Confidence Intervals
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 59.9 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 37.2-73.9
- Remarks:
- 95 % Confidence Intervals
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 6.99 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Yield Inhibition
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 23.1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Yield Inhibition
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 7.83 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Yield Inhibition
- Remarks on result:
- other: 4.07-12.1
- Remarks:
- 95 % Confidence Intervals
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC20
- Effect conc.:
- 15.3 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Yield Inhibition
- Remarks on result:
- other: 10.9-19.6
- Remarks:
- 95 % Confidence Intervals
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 38 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Yield Inhibition
- Remarks on result:
- other: 30.4-49.4
- Remarks:
- 95 % Confidence Intervals
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control: yes
- Observation of abnormalities: Microscopic evaluation of the cells at the start and end of exposure revealed no morphological abnormalities.
- Any stimulation of growth found in any treatment: No
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: No
- Measured concentrations: The measured concentrations of the test item during the exposure interval were in the range between 98 and 104 % (0 hours) and 59 to 94 % (72 hours) of the nominal value.
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: No - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid: yes
- EC50: Growth rate inhibition: 0.564 mg/L (CI: 0.546-0.582 mg/L, within the valid range of 0.797+/- 0.428 mg/L), Yield inhibition: 0.322 mg/L (CI: 0.239-0.342 mg/L, within the valid range of 0.415+/- 0.275 mg/L) - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- EC10-, EC20- and EC50-values with confidence intervals of growth rate and yield inhibition after 72 hours were calculated by sigmoidal dose-response regression. The NOEC and LOEC were determined by calculation of statistically significant differences of growth rates and yield. As a standard, One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Dunnett’s test were used for NOEC/LOEC calculations. When running a One Way Analysis of Variance, a Normality test and an Equal Variance test were done first. P-values for both Normality and Equal Variance tests are 0.05. The a-value (acceptable probability of incorrectly concluding that there is a difference) is a=0.05.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The EC50-values with 95 % confidence intervals for inhibition of growth rate (ErC50) and yield (EyC50) after 72 hours were 59.9 (37.2 - 73.9) mg/L and 38.0 (30.4 - 49.4) mg/L, respectively. The EC10-values with 95 % confidence intervals for inhibition of growth rate (ErC10) and yield (EyC10) after 72 hours were 28.8 (24.6 - 69.1) mg/L and 7.83 (4.07 - 12.1) mg/L, respectively. The NOEC-values for inhibition of both growth rate and yield after 72 hours were 6.99 mg/L, respectively.
- Executive summary:
The toxicity of the test substance to the unicellular freshwater green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was determined according to the principles of OECD 201 and Council Regulation (EC) No. 761/2009 C.3. The study was conducted under static conditions with an initial cell density of 6305 cells/mL. Six concentrations were tested in a geometrical series with a dilution factor of 3.16: 0.253 - 0.800 - 2.53 - 8.00 - 25.3 - 80.0 mg/L corresponding to geometric mean measured test item concentrations of 0.198 - 0.621 - 1.99 - 6.99 - 23.1 - 76.7 mg/L. The concentrations of the test item in all test concentrations and the control were analytically verified by HPLC-DAD at the start and the end of exposure. The measured concentrations of the test substance in the fresh media (0 h) were between 98 and 104 % of the nominal values. The measured concentrations in the old media (72 h) containing algae were in the range of 59 to 94 % of the nominal values. The EC50-values with 95 % confidence intervals for inhibition of growth rate (ErC50) and yield (EyC50) after 72 hours were 59.9 (37.2 - 73.9) mg/L and 38.0 (30.4 - 49.4) mg/L, respectively. The EC10-values with 95 % confidence intervals for inhibition of growth rate (ErC10) and yield (EyC10) after 72 hours were 28.8 (24.6 - 69.1) mg/L and 7.83 (4.07 - 12.1) mg/L, respectively. The NOEC-values for inhibition of both growth rate and yield after 72 hours were 6.99 mg/L, respectively.
Reference
Evaluation after 72 hours
Statistically significant differences of growth rates and yield compared to control values are marked (+), not significant differences are marked (-).
Geometric Mean measured test item concentration [mg/L] |
Replicate No. |
Growth rate [d*exp-1] |
Inhibition of growth rate [%] |
Yield [cells/mL] |
Inhibition of yield [%] |
76.7 |
1 |
0.342 |
82 |
11290 |
99 |
2 |
0.427 |
78 |
16376 |
99 |
|
3 |
0.341 |
82 |
11211 |
99 |
|
Mean |
(+) 0.37 |
81 |
(+) 12959 |
99 |
|
23.1 |
1 |
1.81 |
6 |
1449338 |
28 |
2 |
1.81 |
6 |
1414777 |
29 |
|
3 |
1.8 |
6 |
1368546 |
32 |
|
Mean |
(+) 1.81 |
6 |
(+) 1410887 |
29 |
|
6.99 |
1 |
1.87 |
3 |
1719342 |
14 |
2 |
1.9 |
1 |
1889722 |
6 |
|
3 |
1.9 |
1 |
1855500 |
7 |
|
Mean |
(-) 1.89 |
2 |
(-) 1821521 |
9 |
|
1.99 |
1 |
1.87 |
3 |
1707953 |
15 |
2 |
1.91 |
1 |
1933473 |
3 |
|
3 |
1.92 |
0 |
1997746 |
0 |
|
Mean |
(-) 1.9 |
1 |
(-) 1879724 |
6 |
|
0.621 |
1 |
1.2 |
0 |
2013758 |
0 |
2 |
1.93 |
0 |
2043189 |
-2 |
|
3 |
1.91 |
1 |
1906102 |
5 |
|
Mean |
(-) 1.92 |
0 |
(-) 1988350 |
1 |
|
0.198 |
1 |
1.91 |
1 |
1907595 |
5 |
2 |
1.94 |
-1 |
2098497 |
-5 |
|
3 |
1.96 |
-2 |
2243676 |
-12 |
|
Mean |
(-) 1.93 |
-1 |
(-) 2083256 |
-4 |
|
Control |
1 |
1.93 |
2057847 |
|
|
2 |
1.94 |
2115581 |
|||
3 |
1.94 |
2144785 |
|||
4 |
1.86 |
1667360 |
|||
5 |
1.9 |
1883239 |
|||
6 |
1.94 |
2130465 |
|||
Mean |
1.92 |
1999880 |
Negative inhibition = growth stimulation
Measured Concentrations and Percentage of the Nominal Concentration of in Fresh Medium (0 hours) and Old Medium (72 hours)
Sampling date |
2016-02-29 0 h fresh medium |
2016-03-03 72 h old medium |
|||
Nominal test item concentration [mg/L]
|
Test substance |
||||
Meas. conc. [mg/L] |
% |
Meas. conc. [mg/L] |
% |
Geometric Mean measured test item concentration [mg/L] |
|
80 |
78.3 |
98 |
75 |
94 |
76.7 |
25.3 |
25.9 |
102 |
20.7 |
82 |
23.1 |
8 |
8.16 |
102 |
6 |
75 |
6.99 |
2.53 |
2.56 |
101 |
1.55 |
61 |
1.99 |
0.8 |
0.811 |
101 |
0.475 |
59 |
0.621 |
0.253 |
0.262 |
104 |
0.15 |
59 |
0.198 |
Control |
< LOQ |
|
< LOQ |
|
|
Meas. Conc.= Measured concentration of the test item (dilution factor taken into account), mean value of two injections
% = Percentage of the nominal concentration of the test item
LOQ = Limit of quantification (0.13 mg test item /L)
Description of key information
The toxicity of the test item to the freshwater green algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was determined in a test according to OECD guideline 201. The test determined an EC50 value of 59.9 mg/L, an EC10 value of 28.8 mg/L and a NOEC of 6.99 mg/L. The values are based on the growth rate.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 59.9 mg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
- 28.8 mg/L
Additional information
The toxicity of the test substance to the unicellular freshwater green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was determined according to the principles of OECD 201 and Council Regulation (EC) No. 761/2009 C.3. The study was conducted under static conditions with an initial cell density of 6305 cells/mL. Six concentrations were tested in a geometrical series with a dilution factor of 3.16: 0.253 - 0.800 - 2.53 - 8.00 - 25.3 - 80.0 mg/L corresponding to geometric mean measured test item concentrations of 0.198 - 0.621 - 1.99 - 6.99 - 23.1 - 76.7 mg/L. The concentrations of the test item in all test concentrations and the control were analytically verified by HPLC-DAD at the start and the end of exposure. The measured concentrations of the test substance in the fresh media (0 h) were between 98 and 104 % of the nominal values. The measured concentrations in the old media (72 h) containing algae were in the range of 59 to 94 % of the nominal values. The EC50-values with 95 % confidence intervals for inhibition of growth rate (ErC50) and yield (EyC50) after 72 hours were 59.9 (37.2 - 73.9) mg/L and 38.0 (30.4 - 49.4) mg/L, respectively. The EC10-values with 95 % confidence intervals for inhibition of growth rate (ErC10) and yield (EyC10) after 72 hours were 28.8 (24.6 - 69.1) mg/L and 7.83 (4.07 - 12.1) mg/L, respectively. The NOEC-values for inhibition of both growth rate and yield after 72 hours were 6.99 mg/L, respectively.
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