(chloromethyl)triethoxysilane

Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation

Administrative data

Endpoint:

sub-chronic toxicity: inhalation

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

1993

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

1993

Report date:

1993

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 413 (Subchronic Inhalation Toxicity: 90-Day Study)

GLP compliance:

yes

Limit test:

no

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane

EC Number:

219-787-9

EC Name:

3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane

Cas Number:

2530-87-2

Molecular formula:

C6H15ClO3Si

IUPAC Name:

(3-chloropropyl)(trimethoxy)silane

Constituent 2

Reference substance name:

(3-chloropropyl)trimethoxysilane

IUPAC Name:

(3-chloropropyl)trimethoxysilane

Test animals

Species:

rat

Strain:

Sprague-Dawley

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Age at study initiation: 6-8 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: 155-200 g
- Housing: individually in suspended stainless steel, wire mesh bottomed cages. Before each exposure, animals were transferred into cages designed to be placed within the exposure chamber. After each exposure, the animals were returned to their original housing.
- Diet: Purina Certified Rodent Chow, ad libitum
- Water: ad libitum
- Acclimation period:

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 22±3
- Humidity (%): 30-70
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12

Administration / exposure

Route of administration:

inhalation: vapour

Type of inhalation exposure:

whole body

Vehicle:

other: unchanged (no vehicle)

Details on inhalation exposure:

Exposures were conducted in 2 m³ stainless steel whole body exposure chambers. Exposure cage racks were rotated top to bottom and front to back on a weekly basis. All groups were treated concurrently 5 days a week for thirteen weeks. The duration of each exposure period was six hours after
equilibration of the chamber concentration. The equilibration tlme, which is a function of chamber air flow, was approximately 25 minutes.

Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

yes

Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

The amount of test material used during the exposure period was determined by pre- and post- measuring the weight of the test material in each syringe or graduated cylinder reservoir. The exposure duration (exposure period and equilibration time), test material used and airflow through the chambers were then used to calculate nominal concentrations.
Actual chamber concentrations were measured a minimum of once an hour by a Varian 34OO Gas chromatograph (GC). The GC was calibrated before the start of the study and one bag standard was prepared and analyzed during each exposure period to verify calibration.

Duration of treatment / exposure:

90 day(s)

Frequency of treatment:

6 hours/day, 5 days/week

Doses / concentrations

Doses / concentrations 1

Dose / conc.:

0.5 ppm (nominal)

Doses / concentrations 2

Dose / conc.:

5 ppm (nominal)

Doses / concentrations 3

Dose / conc.:

100 ppm (nominal)

Doses / concentrations 4

Dose / conc.:

200 ppm (nominal)

No. of animals per sex per dose:

 10/sex/group, In addition, 5 animals/ sex were utilized for micronucleus assay following termination of the study.

Control animals:

yes, concurrent no treatment

Details on study design:

Groups of male and female rats were exposed to target concentrations of 0, 0.5, 5, 100 and 200 ppm of chloropropyltrimethoxysilane vapors for 6 hours a day, 5 days a week for 90 days. After 13 weeks of exposure, rats were sacrificed and examined for changes in blood, serum chemistry, urine, organ weights and gross and histopathology. At 24 and 48 hours post-exposure, bone marrow was collected from the femur of 5 animals in all groups for micronucleus assay. The group of ten male and ten female rats also exposed to a target concentration of 200 ppm were used for a micronucleus assay,   performed on this group at 24 and 48 hours post-exposure.

Examinations

Observations and examinations performed and frequency:

 All animals were observed daily following exposure for treatment-related signs of toxicity, mortality, general appearance and any evidence of respiratory, dermal, behavioral, nasal or ocular changes. Eyes of all rats were examined prior to initiation of the study and eyes of rats in the control and 100 ppm groups were also examined at the termination of the study. Body weights and food consumption of all rats were measured weekly.

Sacrifice and pathology:

Clinical pathology parameters were also assessed for all rats. The lungs, liver, heart, kidneys, brain, spleen, adrenals, testes and ovaries were examined and weighed. A complete set of tissues/organs were collected and retained in 10% neutral buffered formalin. All tissues from the control and 100 ppm groups were processed histologically and examined microscopically. In addition, tissues from the lower exposure groups were examined if treatment related-effects were seen in the 100 ppm group.

Statistics:

Two-sided Welch Trend Test was used to analyze the data. Micronucleus assay data was analyzed by Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test. One-way analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Dunnett's multiple t-test was also used. The 95% (P= 0.05) confidence level was chosen as the criteria of significance.

Results and discussion

Results of examinations

Clinical signs:

no effects observed

Mortality:

no mortality observed

Body weight and weight changes:

no effects observed

Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):

no effects observed

Food efficiency:

not examined

Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):

not examined

Ophthalmological findings:

no effects observed

Haematological findings:

no effects observed

Clinical biochemistry findings:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

sporadic increases in sodium, potassium and chloride in males only

Urinalysis findings:

no effects observed

Behaviour (functional findings):

not examined

Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:

no effects observed

Gross pathological findings:

no effects observed

Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

chronic cystitis of the urinary bladder in 2/10 at 0.5 ppm and 1/10 at 5.0 ppm; increased incidence of hyperplasia of urinary bladder epithelium in 4/10 males and 6/10 females and increased incidence and severity of alpha 2µ-globulin inclusions at 100 ppm

Histopathological findings: neoplastic:

not examined

Details on results:

ANALYTICAL VERIFICATION OF CONCENTRATIONS
The actual overall mean exposure concentrations for the test groups were 0.5, 5, 99 and 189 ppm.

CLINICAL SIGNS AND MORTALITY
No mortality or apparent treatment-related signs of toxicity were observed in any of the test animals.

BODY WEIGHT AND WEIGHT GAIN
No statistically significant differences were observed in mean body weights or food consumption between the test and control groups.

HAEMATOLOGY
There were no statistically significant differences in the haematology values of male or female rats.

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
Sporadic increases in sodium, potassium and chloride were observed only in male rats.

ORGAN WEIGHTS
There were no statistically significant differences in male or female organ weights among the groups.

HISTOPATHOLOGY: NON-NEOPLASTIC
Microscopic histopathological data were collected for both the 0.5 and 5 ppm exposures groups respectively. There were no reported findings for the female animals of either group, N = 10 per exposure concentration. Eight of 10 male animals in the 0.5 ppm exposure group were reported as normal. The two remaining male animals exhibited minimal chronic cystitis of the urinary bladder. Nine of 10 male animals were reported as normal in the 5.0 ppm exposure group. The remaining male animal exhibited minimal chronic cystitis of the urinary bladder. Treatment-related histopathologic effects were seen in 100 ppm group animals. Increased incidence of hyperplasia of the urinary bladder epithelium was noted in both sexes of this group (4/10 males and 6/10 females). Urinary bladder hyperplasia did not occur in any other group. The hyperplasia was suggestive of an irritant excreted in the urine. Silicates do not appear to be involved with this process because of the lack of correlation with the urinary silicate data. The agent and mechanism responsible for the hyperplasia is unknown. In addition, an increased incidence and severity of alpha 2µ-globulin inclusions (hyaline droplet nephropathy) in the kidney was observed in males. This condition is unique to male rats and has no known implication for human risk. Statistically significant increases in micronucleated cells were observed in females of the 100 ppm group at 48 hours post-exposure. This finding was not considered treatment-related because it lacked a dose-response and there was no increase in micronucleated cells at 24 hours. There were no test article-related microscopic changes in any organs or tissues of the respiratory tract.

No recovery groups were included in the test protocol, therefore it is not possible to determine if the observed effects were reversible.

Effect levels

Dose descriptor:

NOAEC

Effect level:

>= 100 ppm (nominal)

Based on:

test mat.

Remarks:

equivalent to 1627 mg/m³

Sex:

male/female

Basis for effect level:

other: no adverse effects observed up to the highest dose tested

Target system / organ toxicity

Critical effects observed:

no

Any other information on results incl. tables

Target concentrations of 0.5, 5, 100, and 200 ppm correspond to 0, 4, 41, 814, and 1627 mg/m³, respectively.

The actual overall mean exposure concentrations of 0.5, 5, 99, and 189 ppm correspond to 4, 41, 806 and 1537 mg/m³, respectively.

 

A statistically significant increase in micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) was observed only in females of the 100 ppm group at 48 hours post exposure. This finding was not considered treatment-related because it lacked a dose-response and there was no increase in micronucleated cells at 24 h. The PCE/NCE ratio was not affected.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

In a 90-day inhalation study (RL1) conducted according to OECD 413 and GLP, the NOAEC for male and female rats was reported to be ≥100 ppm.