2-benzylideneheptanal

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

Short term toxicity to fish:

Based on the experimental key study (J-check authoritative databases, 2016) short term toxicity to fish was observed by using the chemical alpha-Amyl cinnamaldehyde(122 -40 -7) 2 -benzylideneheptanal,by using the static method with the 96hrs of exposure period. The study was carried out as according to the OECD guideline.Based on the 0.91mg/l LC50 value, it can be concluded that the test chemical alpha-Amyl cinnamaldehyde can be considered as toxic to the aquatic organism fish at environment revelent concentration and thus can be considered to be classified in aquatic acute category 1 as per the CLP classification criteria.

Short term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates:

Based on the experimental key study (J-check authoritative databases, 2016) acute toxic effect on the Daphnia species was observed by using the chemical alpha-Amyl cinnamaldehyde(122 -40 -7) 2 -benzylideneheptanal, with the 48hrs total exposure period. Based on the 0.28mg/l EC50 value, it can be concluded that the test chemical alpha-Amyl cinnamaldehyde can be considered as toxic to the aquatic organism daphnia at environment revelent concentration and thus can be considered to be classified in aquatic acute category 1 as per the classification criteria.   

Long term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates:

Long term toxic effect on the Daphnia magna was observed by using the chemical alpha-Amyl cinnamaldehyde with the exposure of 21 days. The EC50 value and NOEC concentration obtain from the test was 0.054 mg/l and 0.041 mg/l.Based on the 0.054 mg/l EC50 and 0.041mg/l NOEC value, it can be concluded that the test chemical alpha-Amyl cinnamaldehyde can be considered as toxic to the aquatic organism daphnia at environment revelent concentration and thus can be considered to be classified in aquatic chronic category 2 as per the CLP classification criteria.

Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria:

Based on the experimental key study (Japan chemicals collaborative knowledge database (J-check), 2017), Short term toxicity study of alpha-Amyl cinnamaldehyde to algal growth inhibition test was carried out for 72hrs on the freshwater algae. Study performed by using static method. Based on the growth rate the EC50 and the NOEC concentration was >1.5 mg/l and 0.21mg/l. But on the basis of AUG, the EC50 and NOEC concentration was increases i.e. 2.3mg/l and 0.66mg/l. based on the above concentration of NOEC and EC50 the chemical alpha-Amyl cinnamaldehyde can be considered as toxic to aquatic algae at environmentally relevant concentrations.

Toxicity to microorganisms:

The Minimum Inhibition (MIC) effect of test chemical Benzyl phenyl acetate was observed on Corynebacterium minutissimum (CM),Arthrobacter sp. isolated from Lipo-66, Staphylococcus aureus (IAM-1011, (SA)),Staphylococcus epidermidis var. (SE) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 11775, (EC)) for exposure period of 24 hrs. Muller Hinton agar medium in culture dishes (35*10mm) was used for the measurement of MIC. Various concentrations of fragrance materials were prepared in ethyl alcohol or DMSO depending on the solubility of the materials. The bacteria tested were pre-propagated with sensitivity test broth of NISSUI using shaking culture. The incubated medium were diluted by 0.75% physiological saline to the microbial concentration of 106CFU/ml. In the Muller Hinton agar medium containing fragrance material, 0.1ml of diluted culture solution was inoculated. MIC was determined as the concentration where no growth was observed after 24hrs at 37°C. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Corynebacterium minutissimum (CM), Staphylococcus aureus (IAM-1011, (SA)),Staphylococcus epidermidis var. (SE) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 11775, (EC)) microorganisms species was >2000 mg/l, and for Arthrobacter sp. isolated from Lipo-66 was 1000 mg/l  (inoculum 105CFU/plate) after 24 hours exposure to alpha amyl cinnamaldehyde

Additional information

Short term toxicity to fish:

Based on the various experimental data and prediction data by using the EPI suite ECOSAR for the target chemical have been reviewed to determine the toxic nature of alpha-Amyl cinnamaldehyde (122-40-7), IUPAC name 2-benzylideneheptanal on the growth of fishes. The studies are as mentioned below:

 

Based on the experimental key study (J-check authoritative databases, 2016) short term toxicity to fish was observed by using the chemical alpha-Amyl cinnamaldehyde (122 -40 -7) 2 -benzylideneheptanal, by using the static method with the 96hrs of exposure period. The study was carried out as according to the OECD guideline. Based on the 0.91mg/l LC50 value, it can be concluded that the test chemical alpha-Amyl cinnamaldehyde can be considered as toxic to the aquatic organism fish at environment revelent concentration and thus can be considered to be classified in aquatic acute category 1 as per the CLP classification criteria.

 

Similarly in another supporting study for alpha amyl cinnamaldeyde (122-40-7), in the RIFM report, 2015 Short term toxic effect on the fish was observed by using the chemical alpha-Amyl cinnamaldehyde, by using the static method with the 96hrs of exposure period. Study performed as per the OECD guideline. Based on the LC100 i.e. 3 mg/l value, it can be concluded that the test chemical alpha-Amyl cinnamaldehyde can be considered as toxic to the aquatic organism fish at environment relevant concentration.

 

In another supporting study for target chemical (FFHPVC), 2005 Short term toxicity effect on the zebrafish was observed by using the chemical alpha-Amyl cinnamaldehyde. Study performed by using semi static method with the 96hrs of exposure period. Based on the 3.14 mg/l value, it can be concluded that the test chemical alpha-Amyl cinnamaldehyde can be considered as toxic to the aquatic organism fish at environment relevant concentration.

 

Based on the prediction done by EPI suite, ECOSAR version 1.1, for alpha-Amyl cinnamaldehyde (122-40-7) on the basis of similarity of structure to chemicals for which the aquatic toxicity has been previously measured by structure-activity relationships (SARs) program, the LC 50 value for short term toxicity to fish was predicted. On the basis of EPI suite, ECOSAR version 1.1, the LC 50 value for short term toxicity to fish was predicted to be 1.344 mg/l for CAS name alpha amyl cinnamaldehyde in 96 hrs. Based on this value it can be concluded that the substance is considered to be toxic to aquatic environment .

 

Based on the data available for the target chemical alpha-Amyl cinnamaldehyde (122-40-7), IUPAC name 2-benzylideneheptanal from various databases and prediction models, alpha-Amylcinnamaldehyde exhibit toxicity on the growth of fishes. Hence the test chemical is likely to classify as toxic and consider acute 1 as per the criteria mentioned in CLP regulation.

Short term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates:

Based on the various experimental data and prediction datafor the target chemical have been reviewed to determine the toxic nature of alpha-Amyl cinnamaldehyde (122-40-7), IUPAC name 2 -benzylideneheptanal on the growth of acquatic invertebrates.The studies are as mentioned below:

Based on the experimental key study (J-check authoritative databases, 2016) acute toxic effect on the Daphnia species was observed by using the chemical alpha-Amyl cinnamaldehyde, with the 48hrs total exposure period. Based on the 0.28mg/l EC50 value, it can be concluded that the test chemical alpha-Amyl cinnamaldehyde can be considered as toxic to the aquatic organism daphnia at environment revelent concentration and thus can be considered to be classified in aquatic acute category 1 as per the classification criteria.   

Based on the prediction done by EPI suite, ECOSAR version 1.1, on the basis of similarity of structure to chemicals for which the aquatic toxicity has been previously measured by structure-activity relationships (SARs) program, the LC 50 value for short term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates was predicted. On the basis of this program, the LC 50 value for short term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates was predicted to be 0.946mg/l for CAS name 122 -40 -7 in 48 hrs. Based on this value it can be concluded that the substance is considered to be toxic to aquatic environment and can be classified in aquatic acute 1 category as per the criteria mentioned in CLP regulation.

 

Similarly in the supporting study (HPVIS, 2017) acute toxic effect on the Daphnia species was carried out by using the chemical alpha-Amyl cinnamaldehyde for 48 hrs. Static method was use for the study with different concentrations. At various concentration EC value and NOEC obtain at 48 hours is EC0=0.4 mg/L and 48 hr. EC50=1.1 mg/L; EC100=2.8 mg/l and NOEC is 0.4 mg/l. The number of Daphnis exhibiting immobilization at 48hours for duplicate runs at each mean measured concentration was also observed. In control and 0.1mg/l no changes were obtain. But in 0.7 mg/l =4/40 & 5/40; 1.4 mg/L= 25/40 & 31/40; and 2.8 mg/L= 40/40 & 32/40. Based on the 1.1mg/l EC50 value, it can be concluded that the test chemical alpha-Amyl cinnamaldehyde can be considered as toxic to the aquatic organism daphnia at environment revelent concentration.

 

In second supporting study (Inventory Multitiered Assessment and Prioritisation, NICNAS, 2017) acute toxic effect on the Daphnia magna was observed by using the chemical alpha-Amyl cinnamaldehyde. Based on the 1.1mg/l EC50 value, it can be concluded that the test chemical alpha-Amyl cinnamaldehyde can be considered as toxic to the aquatic organism daphnia at environment revelent concentration .

 

Although 2 study from secondary sources gives the EC50 value greater than 1, but the data from the J-check authoritative databases (K2) which was the key study, EC50 was 0.28mg/l and performed as per the OECD guideline. Thus we consider that the chemical alpha-Amyl cinnamaldehyde to be toxic to aquatic environment and can be considered to be classified in acute category 1 as per the CLP classification criteria.

Long term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates:

Long term toxic effect on the Daphnia magna was observed by using the chemical alpha-Amyl cinnamaldehyde with the exposure of 21 days. The EC50 value and NOEC concentration obtain from the test was 0.054 mg/l and 0.041 mg/l.Based on the 0.054 mg/l EC50 and 0.041mg/l NOEC value, it can be concluded that the test chemical alpha-Amyl cinnamaldehyde can be considered as toxic to the aquatic organism daphnia at environment revelent concentration and thus can be considered to be classified in aquatic chronic category 2 as per the CLP classification criteria.

Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria:

Based on the various experimental data and prediction data by using the EPI suite ECOSAR for the target chemical have been reviewed to determine the toxic nature of alpha-Amyl cinnamaldehyde (122-40-7), IUPAC name 2-benzylideneheptanal. The studies are as mentioned below:

Based on the experimental key study (Japan chemicals collaborative knowledge database (J-check), 2017), Short term toxicity study of alpha-Amyl cinnamaldehyde to algal growth inhibition test was carried out for 72hrs on the freshwater algae. Study performed by using static method. Based on the growth rate the EC50 and the NOEC concentration was >1.5 mg/l and 0.21mg/l. But on the basis of AUG, the EC50 and NOEC concentration was increases i.e. 2.3mg/l and 0.66mg/l. based on the above concentration of NOEC and EC50 the chemical alpha-Amyl cinnamaldehyde was considered as toxic to aquatic algae at environmentally relevant concentrations.

In the study (ECOSAR Version 1.11),Based on the prediction done using the EPI Suite ECOSAR version 1.11, the short term toxicity on green algae was predicted for test substance α-Amyl Cinnamaldehyde, CAS (122 -40 -7). On the basis of effects observed in a static freshwater system, the effect concentration EC50 value for the substance is estimated to be 1.715mg/l for Species for 96hrs duration. Based on this value, it can be concluded that the test chemical α-Amyl Cinnamaldehyde can be considered as toxic to green algae at environmentally relevant concentrations.

 

In the supporting study (Timothy J. Ward, Derek C. Wyskiel, Robert L. Boeri, 2003) Growth and reproduction toxicity test with alpha-Amyl cinnamaldehyde on the freshwater alga,Selenastrum capricornutumwas carried out for 72hrs by using static method at different concentrations. Control and stability sample was also use with the incubation period of 72hrs. Results observed at the interval of 24hrs. After 48hrs incubation EC50 was 1.82, 1.89, 1.58mg/l on the basis of no of cells, average specific growth rate, and area under the growth curve. With the 95% confidence limit of 1.38-2.41, 1.58-2.25, 1.20-2.09. But after 72hrs the EC50 value was 1.18mg/l,1.88mg/l, 1.24mg/l on the basis of no of cells, average specific growth rate, and area under the growth curve (AUG) with the 95% confidence limit of 1.03 to 1.36, 1.79 to 1.97mg/l, 1.09 to 1.41 mg/l. Based on the growth inhibition of the test Selenastrum capricornutum the 72hrs EC50 Value was 1.18mg/l, 1.88mg/l, 1.24mg/l on the basis of no of cells, average specific growth rate, and area under the growth curve (AUG). And the NOEC was 0.154mg/l. Based on the EC50 it can be concluded that the chemical alpha-Amyl cinnamaldehyde can be considered as toxic to aquatic algae at environmentally relevant concentrations.

 

In another supporting study for evaluating the toxic nature of chemical alpha-amyl cinnamaldehyde (122-40-7) (Inventory Multitiered Assessment and Prioritisation, NICNAS, 2017) Short term toxicity study toPseudokirchneriella subcapitatawas carried out by using the chemical alpha-Amyl cinnamaldehyde (IUPAC name 2-benzylideneheptanal) for 48 and 72 hrs. The experiment perform as per the OECD guideline, by using static method. Based on the growth inhibition of daphnia magna by the exposure of alpha-Amyl cinnamaldehyde the EC50 and the NOEC concentration was 1.88mg/l and 0.15mg/l. based on the above concentration the chemical can be considered as toxic to aquatic algae at environmentally relevant concentrations.

 

Thus, based on the overall reported results for target chemical α-Amyl Cinnamaldehyde, CAS (122-40 -7)andIUPAC name 2-benzylideneheptanal, from J-check, Timothy J. Ward, Derek C. Wyskiel, Robert L. Boeri, 2003, (Inventory Multitiered Assessment and Prioritisation, NICNAS, 2017 and prediction from ECOSAR version 1.11. it can be considered as toxic to aquatic algae at environmentally relevant concentrations.

Toxicity to microorganisms:

Based on the various experimental data and predicted data for the target chemical and RA chemicals have been reviewed to determine the toxic nature of α-Amylcinnamaldehyde, (2-benzylideneheptanal) 122-40-7 on the microorganisms, by using the read across chemicals RA 104-55-2 cinnamaldehyde and predicted data from QSAR toolbox version 3.4. The studies are as mentioned below:

Experiment according to the key study (1993), for α-Amylcinnamaldehyde, 122-40-7,The Minimum Inhibition (MIC) effect of test chemical Benzyl phenyl acetate was observed on Corynebacterium minutissimum (CM),Arthrobacter sp. isolated from Lipo-66, Staphylococcus aureus (IAM-1011, (SA)),Staphylococcus epidermidis var. (SE) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 11775, (EC)) for exposure period of 24 hrs. Muller Hinton agar medium in culture dishes (35*10mm) was used for the measurement of MIC. Various concentrations of fragrance materials were prepared in ethyl alcohol or DMSO depending on the solubility of the materials. The bacteria tested were pre-propagated with sensitivity test broth of NISSUI using shaking culture. The incubated medium were diluted by 0.75% physiological saline to the microbial concentration of 106CFU/ml. In the Muller Hinton agar medium containing fragrance material, 0.1ml of diluted culture solution was inoculated. MIC was determined as the concentration where no growth was observed after 24hrs at 37°C.

The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Corynebacterium minutissimum (CM), Staphylococcus aureus (IAM-1011, (SA)),Staphylococcus epidermidis var. (SE) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 11775, (EC)) microorganisms species was >2000 mg/l, and for Arthrobacter sp. isolated from Lipo-66 was 1000 mg/l  (inoculum 105CFU/plate) after 24 hours exposure to alpha amyl cinnamaldehyde.

 

Similarly in the another supporting study as per the OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.4 for the target chemicalα-Amylcinnamaldehyde (122-40-7), Based on the prediction done using the OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.4 with log kow as the primary descriptor and considering the five closest read across substances, toxicity on microorganisms was predicted for alpha-Amyl cinnamaldehyde (CAS: 122-40-7). IGC50 value was estimated to be 15mg/l when alpha-Amyl cinnamaldehyde was exposed to Tetrahymena pyriformis for 48 hours.

 

By considering another study for the RA chemical Cinnamaldehyde (104-55-2), 2009 The Minimum Inhibition (MIC) effect of test chemical Cinnamaldehyde was observed on E. coli CGMCC 1.487 for exposure period of 24 hrs. By using Broth macro-dilution assay. 3200, 1600, 800, 400, 200, and 100 mg/L concentrations of chemical was added to MHB to obtain a stock solution of 3200 mg/L with Tween-80 as emulsifier culture Was maintained on Mueller–Hinton agar (MHA) (Beijing Chemical Corp., Beijing, China) slants at 4 ◦C. Cells were prepared by 16-h culture in Mueller–Hinton broth (MHB) (Beijing Chemical Corp.) at 37 ◦C. A 16-h culture was diluted with MHB, inoculum 1 × 106CFU/mL was added. The Minimum Inhibition (MIC) effect of test chemical Cinnamaldehyde on E. coli CGMCC 1.487 was 400mg/l.

Based on the toxicity of α-Amylcinnamaldehyde, (2-benzylideneheptanal) 122-40-7 on the growth of fish, aquatic invertebrates, algae and microorganisms, α-Amylcinnamaldehyde, (2-benzylideneheptanal) was consider as toxic to aquatic environment and can be considered to be classified in acute category 1 as per the CLP classification criteria.