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EC number: 236-743-4 | CAS number: 13472-45-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Ecotoxicological Summary
Administrative data
Hazard for aquatic organisms
Freshwater
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC aqua (freshwater)
- PNEC value:
- 0.338 mg/L
- Assessment factor:
- 10
- Extrapolation method:
- assessment factor
- PNEC freshwater (intermittent releases):
- 0.31 mg/L
Marine water
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC aqua (marine water)
- PNEC value:
- 0.034 mg/L
- Assessment factor:
- 100
- Extrapolation method:
- assessment factor
STP
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC STP
- PNEC value:
- 5.86 mg/L
- Assessment factor:
- 100
- Extrapolation method:
- assessment factor
Sediment (freshwater)
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC sediment (freshwater)
- PNEC value:
- 960 mg/kg sediment dw
- Assessment factor:
- 10
- Extrapolation method:
- equilibrium partitioning method
Sediment (marine water)
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC sediment (marine water)
- PNEC value:
- 96 mg/kg sediment dw
- Assessment factor:
- 10
- Extrapolation method:
- equilibrium partitioning method
Hazard for air
Air
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Hazard for terrestrial organisms
Soil
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC soil
- PNEC value:
- 2.17 mg/kg soil dw
- Assessment factor:
- 10
- Extrapolation method:
- assessment factor
Hazard for predators
Secondary poisoning
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC oral
- PNEC value:
- 0.011 g/kg food
- Assessment factor:
- 90
Additional information
All PNECs derived are in concentration of tungsten ion, as toxicity is expected to occur from the metal ion. In addition, the concentrations of inorganic ions present in typical ecotoxicity test media are in the mg/L-range, and well below the toxic thresholds of these ions for the test organisms of interest. On the other hand, the toxic threshold concentrations of several metals are in the µg/L-range, which is orders of magnitude lower. Therefore, the added counter-ions (e.g. sodium) dissociating from sodium tungstate, do not contribute significantly to the observed effect of the metal ion (eg. tungstate) on the test organism (for additional information on the counter ion effects refer to Annex 3 -Read-Across-Tungstate Category Approach).
Conclusion on classification
Aquatic toxicity classification of inorganic metals and metal compounds is conducted by comparing transformation/dissolution (T/D) data for the substance, generated using the standard protocol (UN GHS, 2007, Annex 10) [see Table 3 in Section 1.3 for results], with toxicity data for the most soluble metal substance as described in the CLP technical guidance (section IV. 5 Application of classification criteria to metals and metal compounds) (EU, 2008). In the case of sodium tungstate, T/D data for sodium tungstate are compared to the aquatic toxicity reference values of sodium tungstate. The T/D data are ideally tested at the pH at which the highest dissolution is expected, within the range defined by the test protocol (pH 5.5-8.5). Since inorganic tungsten substances have been demonstrated to have a higher T/D rate at pH 8.5 than pH 6, the data used for aquatic toxicity classification of sodium tungstate was derived at pH 8.5 (24-hour T/D testing) and found to be equal to 66900 μg W/L (CANMET-MMSL, 2010). These T/D values were compared to the acute aquatic toxicity reference value (31000 μg W/L, based on the ErC50) derived from sodium tungstate testing of algae, as the most sensitive standard aquatic species for sodium tungstate. Since the dissolution of sodium tungstate (66900 μg W/L) is more than the tungsten ion toxicity value (31000 μg W/L) derived from sodium tungstate testing, the toxicity value of the tungsten ion is then corrected for the molecular weight of sodium tungstate to determine its classification. This calculation is conducted as follows:
31000 μg W/L = 0.0310 g W/L
0.031 g W/L x (1 mol W/183.84 g) x (1 mol sodium tungstate/1 mol W) x (293.8 g sodium tungstate/1 mol sodium tungstate) = 0.0495 g sodium tungstate/L
0.0495 g sodium tungstate/L = 49.5 mg sodium tungstate/L
This toxicity value is used for classification by comparing to the aquatic toxicity cut-off values for classification. Since the acute value (49.5 mg sodium tungstate/L) is greater than 10 mg/L and less than or equal to100 mg/L, sodium tungstate classifies as Acute Category 3 for aquatic toxicity according to the CLP. However, since the lowest no effect chronic value of 5.76 mg for sodium tungstate/L, based on the ErC10 (3.38 mg tungsten/L) is greater than 1 mg/L, sodium tungstate does not receive an acute or chronic classification.
The CLP classification scheme for evaluating aquatic toxicity of metals and metal compounds is the same as that used to classify metals and metal compounds under the Dangerous Substances Directive, with the exception of the name of the classifications (e.g. DSD cites R phrases, CLP uses acute and chronic categories). Although the DSD does not specifically cite the classification scheme for metals and metal compounds, the scheme was outlined in the ECB documents used in the classification of nickel metal (massive and powder). In addition, this classification scheme was used to evaluate aquatic toxicity of nickel metal and some copper compounds (ECB, 2001; ECB, 2005).
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