Diisopropylbenzene hydroperoxide

Endpoint summary

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Effects on fertility

Effect on fertility: via oral route

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Effect on fertility: via inhalation route

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Effect on fertility: via dermal route

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Effects on developmental toxicity

Description of key information

OECD 414 study

The potential toxic effects of Luperox DH on the pregnant female and on embryonic and fetal development, was evaluated following daily oral administration (gavage) to pregnant female rats from implantation until the day before scheduled hysterectomy [Day 6 to Day 20 post-coitum (p.c.)inclusive] (Papineau, 2017). This GLP study was carried out according to OECD test guideline No. 414 (22 January 2001).

Three groups of 24 time-mated female Sprague-Dawley rats received the test item by the oral route (gavage), at a dose-level of 50, 250 or 750 mg/kg/day, once daily from Day 6 to Day 20 p.c. inclusive. Another group of 24 time-mated female rats received the vehicle only, corn oil, under the same experimental conditions and acted as a control group. A constant dosage volume of 5 mL/kg/day was used. The test item concentrations in the dose formulations were determined. The animals were checked daily for mortality and clinical signs. Body weight and food consumption were recorded at designated intervals. On Day 21 p.c., the females were sacrificed and a macroscopic post-mortem examination was performed. Hysterectomy was performed and the numbers of corpora lutea, implantation sites, uterine scars, early and late resorptions, and live and dead fetuses were recorded. The fetuses were weighed, sexed and examined for external, soft tissue and skeletal abnormalities (including cartilage). The liver of each dam was weighed and samples of liver and stomach were collected and preserved in 10% buffered formalin.

The concentrations of the test item in the dose formulations (+1.4% to +8.5%) remained within an acceptable range of variations (± 15%) when compared to the nominal concentrations.

No test item was observed in the control dose formulation. All females were pregnant with the exception of one female given 250 mg/kg/day. There were no test item treatment-related unscheduled deaths in any group. Ptyalism was noted in 20/24 females given 250 mg/kg/day and in 24/24 dams given 750 mg/kg/day. There were no effects on body weight or body weight change at any dose-level. There were no effects on food consumption at any dose-level. Test-item related effects consisted of increased liver weights at 750 mg/kg/day. Increased mitosis was observed in 3/10 high-dose females; a relationship with the test item could not be excluded. Although the pathogenesis of both findings remained unclear, in the absence of other histopathological findings (such as necrosis/degeneration), they were considered to be non-adverse. No treatment-related and/or adverse changes were observed in the net body weight change and in the hysterectomy data. There were no effects on fetal body weight or sex-ratio at any dose-level. There were no test item treatment-related variations or malformations at externa, soft tissue and skeletal examination.  

On the basis of the results obtained in this study:

.            the No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) for maternal parameters was considered to be 750 mg/kg/day,

.            the NOAEL for embryo-fetal development was considered to be 750 mg/kg/day.

 

Range-finding developmental toxicity study

The objective of this preliminary study was to evaluate the potential toxic effects of Luperox DH, on the pregnant female and on embryonic and fetal development, following daily oral administration (gavage) to pregnant female rats from implantation to the day before scheduled hysterectomy [Day 6 to Day 20 post-coitum (p.c.) inclusive], in order to select dose-levels for a further main study. Three groups of eight time-mated female Sprague-Dawley rats received the test item, at 100, 500 or 1000 mg/kg/day, once daily from Day 6 to Day 20  p.c. by oral gavage. One additional group of eight time-mated rats received the vehicle, corn oil, under the same experimental conditions. All animals were checked daily for mortality and clinical signs. Body weight and food consumption were recorded regularly. After sacrifice, a macroscopic post-mortem examination of the females was performed on Day 21 p.c. Liver was weighed and liver and stomach were preserved in 10% buffered formalin. Hysterectomies were performed and the numbers and distribution of corpora lutea, implantation sites, early and late resorptions, uterine scars, and live and dead fetuses were recorded. The fetuses were sexed, weighed, examined for oral cavity and external abnormalities and preserved in appropriate fixative for possible skeletal and soft tissues examination. 

All females were pregnant with live concepti. Unscheduled mortality occurred in 1/8 females at 1000 mg/kg/day. Ptyalism was transiently observed in all females given 500 or 1000 mg/kg/day. There were no relevant effects on body weight, body weight change and food consumption. At terminal sacrifice, slight increases in absolute and relative liver weights were noted at 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day. There were no effects on hysterectomy and litter parameters. There were no effects on the fetal body weight and on the percentage of male fetuses (sex ratio). There were no fetal external malformations or variations in any groups.

The dose-level of 1000 mg/kg/day was associated with one death and therefore considered to exceed the Maximum Tolerated Dose. Treatment-related effects were observed (i.e. ptyalism in all animals), slight increases in the absolute and relative liver weights and thickening of forestomach mucosa and/or depressed area in the stomach. The dose-level of 500 mg/kg/day was associated with ptyalism in all females and slight increases in absolute and relative liver weights. The dose-level of 100 mg/kg/day was not associated with any test item effects. Based on these findings, 750 mg/kg/day could be considered as a suitable high dose-level for the main embryo-fetal developmental study with the test item.

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

developmental toxicity

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

01 September 2016 - 17 November 2016

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 414 (Prenatal Developmental Toxicity Study)

Version / remarks:

22 January 2001

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Limit test:

no

Species:

rat

Strain:

Sprague-Dawley

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: breeder: Janvier, le Genest-Saint-Isle, France
- Age at study initiation: approximately 10-11 weeks old at the beginning of the treatment period
- Mean body weight at at the beginning of the treatment period: 308 g (range: 268 g to 365 g)
- Fasting period before study: no
- Housing: the animals were individually housed in polycarbonate cages (Tecniplast 2154, 940 cm2) with stainless steel lids and containing autoclaved sawdust
- Diet: SSNIFF R/M-H pelleted diet (free access)
- Water: tap water filtered with a 0.22 µm filter (free access)
- Acclimation period:for a period of 4 or 5 days before the beginning of the treatment period.

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 22 ± 2°C
- Humidity (%): 50 ± 20%
- Air changes (per hr): about 8 to 15 cycles/hour of filtered, non-recycled air
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 h/12 h.

IN-LIFE DATES: 24 October 2016 to 17 November 2016.

Route of administration:

oral: gavage

Vehicle:

corn oil

Details on exposure:

PREPARATION OF DOSING FORMULATION:
- Emulsion in the vehicle.
- Concentration in vehicle: 10, 50 and 150 mg/mL
- Amount of vehicle (if gavage): 5 mL/kg/day

Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

yes

Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

Type of method: GC-FID (Gas Chromatography with FID detection)
Test item concentrations: remained within an acceptable range of variation compared to nominal values.
Homogeneity: The dose formulations containing the test item in corn oil at 2 and 200 mg/mL were found to be homogeneous. They are therefore considered to be suitable for routine administration in GLP Toxicological studies, based on a daily preparation.

Duration of treatment / exposure:

Day 6 to Day 20 p.c.

Frequency of treatment:

Daily

Duration of test:

up to day 21 p.c.

Dose / conc.:

0 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

Dose / conc.:

50 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

Dose / conc.:

250 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

Dose / conc.:

750 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

No. of animals per sex per dose:

24 females (for groups 2 to 4).
For group 1, 23 females (because one female was prematurely sacrificed before administration on Day 1. The data of this female are not presented in the study but kept in the raw data).

Control animals:

yes, concurrent vehicle

Details on study design:

- Dose selection rationale:
The dose-levels were selected by the Sponsor based on a preliminary study for effects on embryo-fetal development by the oral route in rats.
In this study, three groups of eight pregnant female Sprague-Dawley rats received the test item daily by oral administration (gavage) throughout gestation (Day 6 to Day 20 p.c.) at dose levels of 100, 500 or 1000 mg/kg/day. An additional group of eight pregnant females received the vehicle control, corn oil, under the same experimental conditions. The dosing volume was 5 mL/kg/day.

At 1000 mg/kg/day, there were:
- mortality: one female was found dead on Day 19 p.c. Prior to death, ptyalism, piloerection, emaciated appearance and dacryhorrhea were observed, as well as a body weight loss and reduced food consumption. There were no macroscopic post-mortem findings at necropsy,
- ptyalism in all females,
- increases in the absolute and relative mean liver weights,
- thickening of forestomach mucosa in 5/8 females together with depressed area in the stomach or forestomach mucosa in two of them,
- no effects on pre- and post-implantation losses, number of viable fetuses and fetal body weight,
- no findings at external (including oral cavity) examination of the fetuses.

At 500 mg/kg/day, there were ptyalism in all females and increases in the absolute and relative mean liver weights.

At 100 mg/kg/day, there were no findings.

Therefore, 750 mg/kg/day was selected as the high dose-level. The low-dose and mid-dose were selected using a ratio representing approximately a 3- to 5-fold interval (i.e. 50 and 250 mg/kg/day).

- Rationale for animal assignment: computerized stratification procedure

Maternal examinations:

MORTALITY/MORBIDITY:
- Time schedule: each animal was checked for mortality and morbidity once a day before the treatment period and at least twice a day during the treatment period.

CLINICAL SIGNS:
- Time schedule: from arrival, each animal was observed once a day as part of the routine examinations.
From the start of the treatment period, each animal was observed once a day, at approximately the same time, for the recording of clinical signs.

BODY WEIGHT (GAIN):
- Time schedule: the body weight of each female was recorded on Days 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 and 21 p.c.

FOOD CONSUMPTION:
- Time schedule: the quantity of food consumed by each female was recorded for the following intervals: Days 2-4, 4-6, 6-9, 9-12, 12-15, 15-18 and 18-21 p.c.

ORGAN WEIGHTS:
The weight of the gravid uterus was recorded for each pregnant female (with at least one live fetus) at hysterectomy.
The body weight of each animal was recorded before sacrifice at the end of the treatment period. Liver from all study animals was weighed as soon as possible after dissection and preserved.
The ratio of organ weight to "net body weight" was therefore calculated.

POST-MORTEM MACROSCOPIC EXAMINATION:
- Sacrifice on Day 21 post-coitum.
- Examined: principal thoracic and abdominal organs.

MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION:
A microscopic examination was performed on the liver from the first ten control and high-dose females (groups 1 and 4) sacrificed at the end of the treatment period.

Ovaries and uterine content:

The ovaries and uterus of the females were examined to determine:
- number of corpora lutea,
- number and distribution of dead and live fetuses,
- number and distribution of early and late resorptions,
- number and distribution of uterine scars,
- number and distribution of implantation sites.

For the apparently non-pregnant female, the presence of implantation scars on the uterus was checked using the ammonium sulphide staining technique (Salewski, 1964).

Fetal examinations:

- External examinations: Yes: all fetuses per litter
- Soft tissue examinations: Yes: half fetuses per litter
- Skeletal examinations: Yes: half fetuses per litter
- Head examinations: Yes: half fetuses per litter
- Other : body weight, sex

Statistics:

Data were compared by one-way analysis of variances and Dunnett test (mean values being considered as normally distributed, variances being considered as homogenous) or by Fisher’s exact probability test (proportions).
PathData software was used to perform the statistical analysis of organ weight data (level of significance of 0.05 or 0.01).

Indices:

% Pre-implantation loss = 100 * (Number of corpora lutea - Number of implantation sites) / Number of corpora lutea
% Post-implantation loss = 100 * (Number of implantation sites - Number of live fetuses) / Number of implantation sites

Historical control data:

Cf attached document

Clinical signs:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

See Table 2.
Test item treatment-related clinical signs of minor toxicological importance consisted of ptyalism observed in most of females given 250 mg/kg/day and in all females given 750 mg/kg/day for a 1 to 15-day duration.
Reflux at administration noted on one occasion in 1/24 females given 250 mg/kg/day resulted from the gavage procedure.
Cutaneous lesions on the tail, associated with scabs or mass in the urogenital region, were noted in 2/24 females given 50 mg/kg/day. Reddish/brownish vaginal discharge was transiently observed in 1/24 females given 250 or 750 mg/kg/day, together with chromodacryorrhea at 750 mg/kg/day. These findings were considered to be unrelated to the test item treatment, as they were reported on a limited number of occasions and/or are findings commonly observed in rats of this strain and age.

Mortality:

mortality observed, non-treatment-related

Description (incidence):

There were no test item treatment-related deaths.
At 0 mg/kg/day, one female was sacrificed prematurely on Day 6 p.c. (before administration) due to poor clinical condition (marked ataxia for both hind limbs, together with markedly reduced proprioception). At macroscopic post-mortem examination, no relevant findings were observed. This female was pregnant. Data for this female are kept in the raw data but are not presented in the study report.

Body weight and weight changes:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

See Table 3.
There were no effects on mean body weight or mean body weight change.

Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

See Table 4.
There were no effects of treatment with the test item.

Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

See Table 5.
Statistically significant increases in absolute and relative-to-body liver weights were observed in animals treated with the test item at 750 mg/kg/day. A relationship with the test item was considered to be likely.

Gross pathological findings:

effects observed, non-treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

There were no test item-related macroscopic findings.

Macroscopic observations were not attributed to the test item treatment as they were reported at isolated incidences and/or are findings commonly observed in rats of this strain and age.

Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

See Table 6.
The livers from the first ten females of the high-dose and control groups were submitted to microscopic examination.
Increased mitosis (minimal to moderate) was observed in 3/10 high-dose females, but not in control animals. Of notice, the absolute and relative to body liver weights in these three females were above the average liver weight values observed in the control group. Since this finding was not observed in controls, a relationship with the test item could not be excluded. Increased hepatocyte mitoses has occasionally been described in rodent livers. Causes vary from physiological responses such as during early growth, during pregnancy, and following partial hepatectomy to post-necrotic repair. In the present case, the pathogenesis of this finding remained unclear. However, given its low incidence and in absence of associated findings (such as necrosis/degeneration), this finding was considered to be non-adverse.
Other microscopic findings noted in treated animals were considered incidental changes, as they also occurred in controls, were of low incidence, had no dose-relationship in incidence or severity, and/or are common background findings for the rat.

Other effects:

effects observed, non-treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

See Table 7.
At 250 and 750 mg/kg/day, when compared with controls, females had a low mean gravid uterus weight (-12% and -10%, p < 0.05, respectively). This correlated with the lower mean number of fetuses at these dose-levels. These findings were considered to be non-adverse as they were not dose-related and of low magnitude.
There were no dose-related effects on mean carcass weight or net body weight change at any dose-level.

Number of abortions:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

See Table 8.

Pre- and post-implantation loss:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

See Table 8.

Total litter losses by resorption:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

See Tables 1 and 8.

Early or late resorptions:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

See Table 8.

Dead fetuses:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

See Table 8.

Changes in number of pregnant:

effects observed, non-treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

See Table 8.

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Effect level:

750 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

Based on:

test mat.

Remarks on result:

not determinable due to absence of adverse toxic effects

Localisation:

other: Non-adverse effects on liver

Fetal body weight changes:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

See Table 9.
There were no effects on mean fetal body weight.
Migrated Data from removed field(s)
Field "Fetal/pup body weight changes" (Path: ENDPOINT_STUDY_RECORD.DevelopmentalToxicityTeratogenicity.ResultsAndDiscussion.ResultsFetuses.FetalPupBodyWeightChanges): no effects observed
Field "Description (incidence and severity)" (Path: ENDPOINT_STUDY_RECORD.DevelopmentalToxicityTeratogenicity.ResultsAndDiscussion.ResultsFetuses.DescriptionIncidenceAndSeverityFetalPupBodyWeightChanges): There were no effects on mean fetal body weight.

Changes in sex ratio:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

See Table 9.
There were no effects on mean sex ratio (percentage of male fetuses).

External malformations:

effects observed, non-treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

See Table 10.
Variations
There was no test item treatment-related increase of the frequency of external variations.
In the 750 mg/kg/day group, one fetus had limb hyperflexion. This is a common finding in this species and strain, therefore any relationship to the test item treatment was considered unlikely.

Malformations
See Table 11.
There was no test item treatment-related increase in the frequency of external malformations.
Cleft palate was noted in one malformed fetus from one litter at 50 mg/kg/day (incomplete ossification of the palate at skeletal observation) and in three fetuses from one litter at 750 mg/kg/day (split palate at skeletal examination).
As palate malformation was observed without a dose-relationship with a similar litter incidence in the low and the high-dose groups, a test item treatment-related effect was considered to be unlikely.
In the control group, one fetus had an ombilical hernia; this finding is commonly observed in this species and strain.

Skeletal malformations:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

See Table 12.
Cartilage
When compared with controls, there was a dose-related increase in ossification delay (cartilage of the thoracic vertebra were present, but there was incomplete ossification of the centrum).

Variations
See Table 13.
When compared with controls, there was an apparent dose-related increase (statistically significant at 750 mg/kg/day) in ossification delay (incomplete ossification of the thoracic vertebra centrum). As the fetal and litter incidences were of low magnitude and within the range of the Historical Control Data, these effects were considered to be of no toxicologically relevance in absence of test item treatment-related effects on mean fetal body weight.

Malformations
See Table 14.
There was no test item treatment-related increase in the frequency of skeletal malformations.
At 750 mg/kg/day, one litter had one malformed fetus with split palate (cleft palate at external examination). As the malformation was of isolated occurrence and as fetal and litter incidences were within the Historical Control Data, this was considered to be unrelated to the test item treatment.
At 50 mg/kg/day, one litter had one malformed fetus with an absent lumbar vertebra. As lumbar malformation was observed without a dose-relationship and was within the range of the Historical Control Data, this was considered to be unrelated to the test item treatment.

Visceral malformations:

effects observed, non-treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

Variations
See Table 15.
There was no test item treatment-related increase of the frequency of soft tissue variations.
Tissue variations (i.e. short or absent innominate artery, dilated renal pelvis, dilated ureter and reddish foci on the thymus) were observed in control and test item-treated groups, without a dose relationship and with an incidence similar to the Historical Control Data, were considered to be unrelated to the test item treatment.

Malformations
See Table 16.
There was no test item treatment-related increase in the frequency of soft tissue malformations.
At 250 mg/kg/day, the right kidney and right ureter were absent in one fetus. As these malformations were observed without a dose relationship and/or with an incidence similar to Historical Control Data (absent kidney), they were considered to be unrelated to the test item treatment.

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Effect level:

750 mg/kg bw/day

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

male/female

Remarks on result:

not determinable due to absence of adverse toxic effects

Abnormalities:

no effects observed

Developmental effects observed:

no

Table 1: Pregnancy status

 

Dose-level(mg/kg/day)	0	50	250	750
Number of females	24	24	24	24
Found dead females	1	0	0	0
Non-pregnant females	0	0	1	0
Females with total resorption	0	0	0	0
Females with live fetuses at term	23	24	23	24

 

Table 2: Clinical signs

 

Dose-level (mg/kg/day)	0	50	250	750
Ptyalism			20 (usually from the first week of treatment)	24 (usually from Day 7p.c.)
Reflux at administration			1
Number of affected animals	0/23	0/24	20/24	24/24

( ): in brackets: daysp.c.of occurrences.

 

Table 3: Mean body weight and body weight changes (g)

 

Dose-level (mg/kg/day)	0	50	250	750
Body weight (g)
Day 6p.c.	312	308	306	307
	-	(-1)	(-2)	(-2)
Day 21p.c.	473	477	455	458
	-	(+1)	(-4)	(-3)
Body weight change (g)
Days 6 - 21p.c.	+161	+168	+149	+151
	-	(+4)	(-7)	(-6)

p.c.         : post-coitum.

-              : not applicable.

( )           : in brackets, percentage differencevs.controls.

 

Table 4: Mean food consumption (g/animal/day)

 

Dose-level (mg/kg/day)		0		50		250		750
. Days 6 - 9p.c.		23		23		22		21
. Days 9 - 12p.c.		25		25		25		25
. Days 12 - 15p.c.		27		27		26		28
. Days 15 - 18p.c.		30		30		29		32
. Days 18 - 21p.c.		30		31		30		33

p.c.:post-coitum.

 

Table 5: Maternal organ weight

 

Sex		Female
Group		2		3		4
Dose-level (mg/kg/day)		50		250		750
Exam. animals / Num. of animals		23/23		24/24		24/24
- Final body weight		0		-2		-1
- Liver
.absolute		-2		0		+15**
.relative		-3		+1		+16**

Statistical significance: **: p<0.01 (the significance concerned the organ weights values and not the percentages).

 

Table 6: Incidence and severity of the main microscopic finding in the liver of control and high dose females

 

Sex		Female
Group		1		4
Dose-level (mg/kg/day)		0		750
Exam. Animals/ Num. of animals		10/23		10/24
Liver
- Increased mitoses; hepatocyte				3
Minimal (grade 1)		-		1
Slight (grade 2)		-		1
Moderate (grade 3)		-		1

-: no findings.

 

Table 7: Mean carcass, net change and gravid uterus weights (g)^(a)

 

Dose-level (mg/kg/day)	0	50	250	750
Gravid uterus weight	110	112 (+2)	97* (-12)	99* (-10)
Carcass weight	363	365 (+1)	359 (-1)	359 (-1)
Net weight change from Day 6p.c.	+51	+57	+52	+53

( ): in brackets, percentage differencevs.controls.

p.c.         :post-coitum.

^(a)                  : weights are rounded values.

Statistical significance^*: p<0.05.

 

Table 8: Hysterectomy data

 

Dose-level (mg/kg/day)	0	50	250	750	HCD
Number of pregnant females at hysterectomy	23	24	23	24	407
Number of females with live fetuses at termination	23	24	23	24	388
Number of females with total resorption	0	0	0	0	0
Mean number ofcorpora lutea	15.9	15.8	15.3	14.9	[13.8; 16.0]
Mean number of implantation sites	14.5	14.6	13.2	13.4	[12.5; 14.5]
Mean pre-implantation loss (%)	8.3	6.9	13.8	9.9	[6.2; 14.0]
Mean number of live fetuses	13.8	13.8	12.0*	12.3*	[11.6; 13.8]
Dead fetuses (%)	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	[0.00; 0.50]
Mean number of implantation scars	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	/
Mean number of early resorptions	0.6	0.9	1.1	0.9	/
Mean number of late resorptions	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.2	/
Mean post-implantation loss (%)	5.0	6.0	7.8	8.2	[3.5; 11.1]

HCD: Historical Control Data (control data collected from 18 studies covering a period ranging from March 2014 to July 2016), [min.; max.].

/              : not reported in HCD.

Statistically significant^*: p<0.05.

 

Table 9: Fetal body weight and sex-ratio

 

Dose-level (mg/kg/day)		0		50		250		750		HCD
Mean fetal body weight (g)		5.77 -		5.89 (+2)		5.73 (-1)		5.82(+1)		[5.5; 5.9]
Mean fetal body weight of males (g)		5.93 -		6.05 (+2)		5.90 (-1)		5.99(+1)		[5.7; 6.1]
Mean fetal body weight of females (g)		5.59 -		5.76 (+3)		5.53 (-1)		5.66(+1)		[5.4; 5.7]
Mean percentage of male fetuses (%)		51.3		47.0		51.7		45.5		[44.0; 55.4]

( ): in brackets, percentage differencevs.controls.

HCD      : Historical Control Data (control data collected from 18 studies covering a period ranging from March 2014 to July 2016), [min.; max.].

-              : not applicable.

 

Table10: Fetal (litter) incidences (%) of external variations

 

Dose-level (mg/kg/day)		0		50		250		750		HCD
Dams with live fetuses		23		24		23		24		388
Number of live fetuses		317		330		277		295		5000
Litters affected, n (%)		0 (0)		0 (0)		0 (0)		1 (4.2)		6 (1.5)^(b)
Fetuses affected, n (%)		0 (0)		0 (0)		0 (0)		1 (0.3)		7 (0.1)^(b)
Limb hyperflexion, F (L)		0 (0)		0 (0)		0 (0)		0.3 (4.2)		0.4 (4.8)^(a)

F: fetal incidence.

L: litter incidence.

HCD: Historical Control Data (control data collected from 18 studies covering a period ranging from March 2014 to July 2016).

^(a): maximum incidence.

 

Table 11: Fetal (litter) incidences (%) of external malformations

 

Dose-level (mg/kg/day)		0		50		250		750		HCD
Dams with live fetuses		23		24		23		24		388
Number of live fetuses		317		330		277		295		5000
Litters affected, n (%)		1 (4.3)		1 (4.2)		0 (0)		1 (4.2)		11 (2.8)^(b)
Fetuses affected, n (%)		1 (0.3)		1 (0.3)		0 (0)		3 (1.0)		13 (0.3)^(b)
Cleft palate, F (L) (%)		0 (0)		0.3 (4.2)		0 (0)		1.0 (4.2)		0.4 (5.0)^(a)
Ombilical hernia,           F (L) (%)		0.3 (4.3)		0 (0)		0 (0)		0 (0)		0.4 (4.8)^(a)

F             : fetal incidence.

L             : litter incidence.

HCD      : Historical Control Data (control data collected from 18 studies covering a period ranging from March 2014 to July 2016).

^(a)            : maximum incidence.

^(b)            : mean incidence.

 

Table 12 Fetal (litter) incidences (%) of cartilage findings

 

Dose-level (mg/kg/day)	0	50	250	750	HCD
Dams with live fetuses	23	24	23	24	388
Number of live fetuses	164	175	145	153	2596
Litters affected, n (%)	23 (100.0)	22 (91.7)	22 (95.7)	20 (83.3)	236 (60.8)^(b)
Fetuses affected, n (%)	130 (79.3)	121 (69.1)	98 (67.6)	67 (43.8)	990 (38.1)^(b)
Cartilage of thoracic vertebra (e) present, F(L)	4.9 (30.4)	5.7 (33.3)	9.0 (43.5)	9.8 (50.0)	31.5 (87.5)^(a)

F             : fetal incidence.

L             : litter incidence.

HCD      : Historical Control Data (control data collected from 18 studies covering a period ranging from March 2014 to July 2016).

^(a)            : maximum incidence.

^(b)            : mean incidence.

 

Table 13: Fetal (litter) incidences (%) ofskeletal variations

 

Dose-level (mg/kg/day)	0	50	250	750	HCD
Dams with live fetuses	23	24	23	24	388
Number of live fetuses	164	175	145	153	2596
Litters affected, n (%)	23 (100.0)	22 (91.7)	22 (95.7)	20 (83.3)	345 (88.9)^(b)
Fetuses affected, n (%)	133 (81.1)	125 (71.4)	101 (69.7)	69 (45.1)	1267 (48.8)^(b)
Thoracic vertebra(e): incomplete ossification of centrum, F(L)	3.0 (17.4)	5.1 (29.2)	6.2 (34.8)	8.5(50.0)*	29.6 (87.5)^(a)

F             : fetal incidence.

L             : litter incidence.

Statistically significant^*: p<0.05 for the number of litters affected.

HCD      : Historical Control Data (control data collected from 18 studies covering a period ranging from March 2014 to July 2016).

^(a)            : maximum incidence.

^(b)            : mean incidence.

 

Table 14: Fetal (litter) incidences (%) of fetal skeletalmalformations

 

Dose-level (mg/kg/day)	0	50	250	750	HCD
Dams with live fetuses	23	24	23	24	388
Number of live fetuses	164	175	145	153	2596
Litters affected, n (%)	0 (0)	1 (4.2)	0 (0)	1 (4.2)	15 (3.9)^(b)
Fetuses affected, n (%)	0 (0)	1 (0.6)	0 (0)	1 (0.7)	18 (0.7)^(b)
Palate: split, F(L)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0.7 (4.2)	0.7 (5.0)^(a)
Lumbar vertebra(e): absent, F(L)	0 (0)	0.6 (4.2)	0 (0)	0 (0)	1.3 (8.7)^(a)

F             : fetal incidence.

L             : litter incidence.

HCD      : Historical Control Data (control data collected from 18 studies covering a period ranging from March 2014 to July 2016).

^(a)            : maximum incidence.

^(b)            : mean incidence.

 

Table 15: Fetal (litter) incidences (%) of soft tissue variations

 

Dose-level (mg/kg/day)	0	50	250	750	HCD
Dams with live fetuses	23	24	23	24	387
Number of live fetuses	153	155	132	142	2404
Litters affected, n (%)	6 (26.1)	11 (45.8)	6 (26.1)	6 (25.0)	86 (22.2)^(b)
Fetuses affected, n (%)	9 (5.9)	12 (7.7)	11 (8.3)	11 (7.7)	119 (5.0)^(b)
Dilated renal pelvis, F (L)	2.0 (8.7)	3.9 (25.0)	4.5 (13.0)	4.2 (20.8)	9.5 (28.6)^(a)
Short innominate artery, F (L)	0 (0)	0.6 (4.2)	0 (0)	2.8 (12.5)	3.7 (22.7)^(a)
Absent innominate artery, F (L)	0 (0)	2.6 (16.7)	1.5 (8.7)	0.7 (4.2)	5.1 (25.0)^(a)
Dilated ureter, F (L)	3.3 (13.0)	2.6 (16.7)	3.0 (13.0)	2.8 (16.7)	7.1 (28.0)^(a)
Thymus: reddish foci, F (L)	0.7 (4.3)	0 (0)	0.8 (4.3)	0 (0.0)	/

F             : fetal incidence.

L             : litter incidence.

HCD      : Historical Control Data (control data collected from 18 studies covering a period ranging from March 2014 to July 2016).

/              : not reported in HCD.

^(a)            : maximum incidence.

^(b)            : mean incidence.

 

Table 16: Fetal (litter) incidences (%) of soft tissue malformations

 

Dose-level (mg/kg/day)	0	50	250	750	HCD
Dams with live fetuses	23	24	23	24	387
Number of live fetuses	153	155	132	142	2404
Litters affected, n (%)	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (4.3)	0 (0)	7 (1.8)^(b)
Fetuses affected, n (%)	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (0.8)	0 (0)	13 (0.5)^(b)
Absent kidney, F (L)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0.8 (4.3)	0 (0)	0.7 (4.5)^(a)
Absent ureter, F(L)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0.8 (4.3)	0 (0)	/

F             : fetal incidence.

L             : litter incidence.

HCD      : Historical Control Data (control data collected from 18 studies covering a period ranging from March 2014 to July 2016).

/              : not reported in HCD.

^(a)            : maximum incidence.

^(b)            : mean incidence.

Conclusions:

The test item was administered to pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats by gavage, once daily, from Day 6 to Day 20 p.c., inclusive, at the dose-levels of 50, 250 and 750 mg/kg/day. The control group received the vehicle, corn oil, under the same experimental conditions.
On the basis of the results obtained in this study:
- the No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) for maternal parameters was considered to be 750 mg/kg/day,
- the NOAEL for embryo-fetal development was considered to be 750 mg/kg/day.

Executive summary:

The potential toxic effects of Luperox DH on the pregnant female and on embryonic and fetal development, was evaluated following daily oral administration (gavage) to pregnant female rats from implantation until the day before scheduled hysterectomy [Day 6 to Day 20 post-coitum (p.c.) inclusive]. This GLP study was carried out according to OECD test guideline No. 414 (22 January 2001).

Three groups of 24 time-mated female Sprague-Dawley rats received the test item by the oral route (gavage), at a dose-level of 50, 250 or 750 mg/kg/day, once daily from Day 6 to Day 20 p.c. inclusive. Another group of 24 time-mated female rats received the vehicle only, corn oil, under the same experimental conditions and acted as a control group. A constant dosage volume of 5 mL/kg/day was used. The test item concentrations in the dose formulations were determined. The animals were checked daily for mortality and clinical signs. Body weight and food consumption were recorded at designated intervals. On Day 21 p.c., the females were sacrificed and a macroscopic post-mortem examination was performed. Hysterectomy was performed and the numbers of corpora lutea, implantation sites, uterine scars, early and late resorptions, and live and dead fetuses were recorded. The fetuses were weighed, sexed and examined for external, soft tissue and skeletal abnormalities (including cartilage). The liver of each dam was weighed and samples of liver and stomach were collected and preserved in 10% buffered formalin.

The concentrations of the test item in the dose formulations (+1.4% to +8.5%) remained within an acceptable range of variations (± 15%) when compared to the nominal concentrations.

No test item was observed in the control dose formulation. All females were pregnant with the exception of one female given 250 mg/kg/day. There were no test item treatment-related unscheduled deaths in any group. Ptyalism was noted in 20/24 females given 250 mg/kg/day and in 24/24 dams given 750 mg/kg/day. There were no effects on body weight or body weight change at any dose-level. There were no effects on food consumption at any dose-level. Test-item related effects consisted of increased liver weights at 750 mg/kg/day. Increased mitosis was observed in 3/10 high-dose females; a relationship with the test item could not be excluded. Although the pathogenesis of both findings remained unclear, in the absence of other histopathological findings (such as necrosis/degeneration), they were considered to be non-adverse. No treatment-related and/or adverse changes were observed in the net body weight change and in the hysterectomy data. There were no effects on fetal body weight or sex-ratio at any dose-level. There were no test item treatment-related variations or malformations at externa, soft tissue and skeletal examination.   

On the basis of the results obtained in this study:

.            the No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) for maternal parameters was considered to be 750 mg/kg/day,

.            the NOAEL for embryo-fetal development was considered to be 750 mg/kg/day.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

developmental toxicity

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Study period:

22 July 2016 - 14 September 2016

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Range finding study for an OECD 414 study.

GLP compliance:

no

Limit test:

no

Species:

rat

Strain:

Sprague-Dawley

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: breeder: Janvier, le Genest-Saint-Isle, France
- Age/Weight: at the beginning of the treatment period, the females were 11-12 weeks old and had a mean body weight of 297 g (range: 259 g to 331 g). The females were sexually mature and primigravid.
- Fasting period before study: no
- Housing: polycarbonate cages
- Diet: SSNIFF R/M-H pelleted diet (free access)
- Water: tap water filtered with a 0.22 µm filter (free access)
- Acclimation period: for a period of 4 or 5 days before the beginning of the study

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 22 ± 2°C
- Humidity (%): 50 ± 20%
- Air changes (per hr): 8 to 15 cycles/hour of filtered, non-recycled air
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 h/12 h

IN-LIFE DATES: 29 August 2016 to 14 September 2016

Route of administration:

oral: gavage

Vehicle:

corn oil

Details on exposure:

PREPARATION OF DOSING SOLUTIONS: Emulsion in the vehicle
Preparation procedure:
According to the analytical study describing the preparation procedure (homogeneity and stability testing) for a range of concentrations covering the lowest and highest used in this study.

Frequency of preparation:
Test item dose formulations:
- on the days of treatment, based on test item dose formulation stability and vehicle expiry

Vehicle preparation: based on the CiToxLAB France in-house procedures (frequency documented in study raw data)

VEHICLE
- Corn oil
- Justification for use and choice of vehicle (if other than water): suitable formulation in corn oil
- Concentration in vehicle: 20, 100 and 200 mg/mL
- Amount of vehicle (if gavage): 5 mL/kg/day

Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

no

Details on mating procedure:

- Proof of pregnancy: vaginal plug, referred to as Day 0 post-coitum

Duration of treatment / exposure:

15 days

Frequency of treatment:

Daily

Duration of test:

Day 6 to Day 20 post-coitum

Dose / conc.:

100 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

Dose / conc.:

500 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

Dose / conc.:

1 000 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

No. of animals per sex per dose:

8 females

Control animals:

yes, concurrent vehicle

Details on study design:

Dose selection rationale:
The dose-levels were selected in agreement with the Sponsor, on the basis of the results of previous toxicology study performed in the same species.
In this study, rats received the test item, daily by gavage at dose-levels of 70, 230 or 700 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks. At 700 mg/kg/day, clinical signs were limited to ptyalism in both sexes. No test item-related effects were observed on body weight, food consumption and in laboratory parameters. Increases of liver/body weight ratio were noted in males given 70 or 230 mg/kg/day and in males and females given 700 mg/kg/day leading to a statistically significant increase of liver weight in males given 700 mg/kg/day. Histopathology findings consisted of yellow deposit on the forestomach from one male given 700 mg/kg/day, non-adverse hepatocellular hypertrophy, acanthosis and hyperkeratosis in forestomach and hyaline droplets in renal tubular epithelium (without tubular basophilia) in males and/or females at 70 or 230 mg/kg/day.

In males given 700 mg/kg/day, the adversity of the moderate acanthosis in the forestomach was considered to be likely. The No Observed Adverse Effect Level was considered to be 230 mg/kg/day in males (based on the moderate acanthosis in the forestomach observed at 700 mg/kg/day) and 700 mg/kg/day in females.

Thus, based on these available data, the selected dose-levels of the present study are: 100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day.
- Rationale for animal assignment: computerized stratification procedure.

Maternal examinations:

MORTALITY - MORBIDITTY
- Time schedule: at least twice a day during the treatment period.

CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS
- Time schedule: from arrival, each animal was observed once a day as part of the routine examinations.
From the start of the treatment period, each animal was observed once a day, at approximately the same time, for the recording of clinical signs.

BODY WEIGHT:
- Time schedule: on Days 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 and 21 p.c.

FOOD CONSUMPTION:
- Time schedule: the quantity of food consumed by each female was recorded for the following intervals:
- Days 2-4, 4-6, 6-9, 9-12, 12-15, 15-18 and 18-21 p.c.


POST-MORTEM EXAMINATIONS: Yes
- Sacrifice on gestation Day 21
- Organs examined: principal thoracic and abdominal organs.

Ovaries and uterine content:

The ovaries and uterine content was examined after termination:
Examinations included:
- Gravid uterus weight: Yes
- Number of corpora lutea, Yes
- Number and distribution of implantation sites, Yes
- Number of early resorptions, Yes
- Number of late resorptions. Yes

Fetal examinations:

External examinations: Yes: all per litter
- Soft tissue examinations: No
- Skeletal examinations: No
- Head examinations: No

Statistics:

Data were compared by one-way analysis of variances and Dunnett test (mean values being considered as normally distributed, variances being considered as homogenous) or by Fisher’s exact probability test (proportions).

Indices:

% of pre-implantation loss = 100 * (Number of corpora lutea - Number of implantation sites) / Number of corpora lutea

% of post-implantation loss = 100 * (Number of implantation sites - Number of live fetuses) / Number of implantation sites

Clinical signs:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

Ptyalism was observed during the first and/or the second weeks of treatment for 6 to 15 days in all females given 500 mg/kg/day and in all surviving females given 1000 mg/kg/day. This clinical sign was considered to be of minor toxicological significance.
Other clinical signs (i.e. reflux at dosing or reddish vaginal discharge) were transiently observed in two different females given 1000 mg/kg/day. These signs were not considered to be test item-related as they were of limited incidence and as they are commonly observed in pregnant rats or due to the technical procedure of gavage. (see Table 1).

Dermal irritation (if dermal study):

not examined

Mortality:

mortality observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence):

One female treated at 1000 mg/kg/day was found dead on Day 19 p.c. Prior to death, this female showed ptyalism from Day 9 p.c. and piloerection, emaciated appearance and dacryhorrhea from Day 18 p.c. A body weight loss of 26 g associated with reduced food consumption (14 g) was recorded between Days 15 and 18 p.c. There were no macroscopic post-mortem findings at necropsy. A test item relationship could not be excluded.
There were no other unscheduled deaths.

Body weight and weight changes:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

There were no effects of treatment with the test item on the mean body weight change and the mean body weight.

Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):

effects observed, non-treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

At 1000 mg/kg/day and when compared with controls, there was a higher mean food consumption between Days 9 and 15 p.c. (statistically significant between Days 9 and 12 p.c.). This minor difference was considered as incidental.
At 100 and 500 mg/kg/day and when compared with controls, there were no effects on mean food consumption.

Food efficiency:

not examined

Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):

not examined

Ophthalmological findings:

not examined

Haematological findings:

not examined

Clinical biochemistry findings:

not examined

Urinalysis findings:

not examined

Behaviour (functional findings):

not examined

Immunological findings:

not examined

Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

Administration of the test item at 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day was associated with slight increases in liver weights. (see Table 2).

Gross pathological findings:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

Administration of the test item at 1000 mg/kg/day was associated with thickening of forestomach mucosa in 5/8 females (+62.5% vs. 0/8 in controls, p < 0.05) together with depressed area in two of them.

Neuropathological findings:

not examined

Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:

not examined

Histopathological findings: neoplastic:

not examined

Other effects:

not specified

Number of abortions:

no effects observed

Pre- and post-implantation loss:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

There were no effects on hysterectomy data.

Total litter losses by resorption:

no effects observed

Early or late resorptions:

no effects observed

Dead fetuses:

no effects observed

Changes in pregnancy duration:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

Migrated Data from removed field(s)
Field "Effects on pregnancy duration" (Path: ENDPOINT_STUDY_RECORD.DevelopmentalToxicityTeratogenicity.ResultsAndDiscussion.ResultsMaternalAnimals.MaternalDevelopmentalToxicity.EffectsOnPregnancyDuration): no effects observed

Changes in number of pregnant:

no effects observed

Other effects:

not specified

Key result

Dose descriptor:

other: Maximum Tolerated Dose

Effect level:

< 1 000 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

Based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect level:

mortality

Abnormalities:

not specified

Fetal body weight changes:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

Migrated Data from removed field(s)
Field "Fetal/pup body weight changes" (Path: ENDPOINT_STUDY_RECORD.DevelopmentalToxicityTeratogenicity.ResultsAndDiscussion.ResultsFetuses.FetalPupBodyWeightChanges): not examined

Reduction in number of live offspring:

no effects observed

Changes in sex ratio:

no effects observed

Changes in litter size and weights:

not examined

Changes in postnatal survival:

not examined

External malformations:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

There were no fetal external variations or malformations.

Skeletal malformations:

not examined

Visceral malformations:

not examined

Dose descriptor:

other: Maximal tolerated dose

Effect level:

>= 1 000 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

male/female

Remarks on result:

not determinable due to absence of adverse toxic effects

Abnormalities:

no effects observed

Developmental effects observed:

no

Table 1

 

Dose-level (mg/kg/day)	0	100	500	1000
Ptyalism			8	7
Reflux at dosing				1
Reddish vaginal discharge				1
Number of affected animals	0/8	0/8	8/8	7/7

 

Table 2

Changes in the mean liver weights

 

Group	2	3	4
Dose-level (mg/kg/day)	100	500	1000
Exam. animals / Num. of animals	8/8	8/8	7/8
- Final body weight	+4	+3	+1
- Liver
. absolute	+9	+20**	+25**
. relative to body weight	+5	+18**	+24**

Statistically significant from controls: **: p < 0.01.

Statistical significance determined for organ weights values and not percent changes.

 

 

Conclusions:

Luperox DH was administered by gavage once daily from Days 6 to 20 p.c., inclusive, to pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats at the dose-levels of 100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day. The control group received the vehicle, corn oil, under the same experimental conditions.
The dose-level of 1000 mg/kg/day was associated with one death and therefore considered to exceed the Maximum Tolerated Dose. Treatment-related effects were observed (i.e. ptyalism in all animals), slight increases in the absolute and relative liver weights and thickening of forestomach mucosa and/or depressed area in the stomach.
The dose-level of 500 mg/kg/day was associated with ptyalism in all females and slight increases in absolute and relative liver weights.
The dose-level of 100 mg/kg/day was not associated with any test item effects.
Based on these findings, 750 mg/kg/day could be considered as a suitable high dose-level for the main embryo-fetal developmental study with the test item.

Executive summary:

The objective of this preliminary study was to evaluate the potential toxic effects of Luperox DH, on the pregnant female and on embryonic and fetal development, following daily oral administration (gavage) to pregnant female rats from implantation to the day before scheduled hysterectomy [Day 6 to Day 20 post-coitum (p.c.) inclusive], in order to select dose-levels for a further main study. Three groups of eight time-mated female Sprague-Dawley rats received the test item, at 100, 500 or 1000 mg/kg/day, once daily from Day 6 to Day 20 p.c. by oral gavage. One additional group of eight time-mated rats received the vehicle, corn oil, under the same experimental conditions. All animals were checked daily for mortality and clinical signs. Body weight and food consumption were recorded regularly. After sacrifice, a macroscopic post-mortem examination of the females was performed on Day 21 p.c. Liver was weighed and liver and stomach were preserved in 10% buffered formalin. Hysterectomies were performed and the numbers and distribution of corpora lutea, implantation sites, early and late resorptions, uterine scars, and live and dead fetuses were recorded. The fetuses were sexed, weighed, examined for oral cavity and external abnormalities and preserved in appropriate fixative for possible skeletal and soft tissues examination. 

All females were pregnant with live concepti. Unscheduled mortality occurred in 1/8 females at 1000 mg/kg/day. Ptyalism was transiently observed in all females given 500 or 1000 mg/kg/day. There were no relevant effects on body weight, body weight change and food consumption. At terminal sacrifice, slight increases in absolute and relative liver weights were noted at 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day. There were no effects on hysterectomy and litter parameters. There were no effects on the fetal body weight and on the percentage of male fetuses (sex ratio). There were no fetal external malformations or variations in any groups.

The dose-level of 1000 mg/kg/day was associated with one death and therefore considered to exceed the Maximum Tolerated Dose. Treatment-related effects were observed (i.e. ptyalism in all animals), slight increases in the absolute and relative liver weights and thickening of forestomach mucosa and/or depressed area in the stomach. The dose-level of 500 mg/kg/day was associated with ptyalism in all females and slight increases in absolute and relative liver weights. The dose-level of 100 mg/kg/day was not associated with any test item effects. Based on these findings, 750 mg/kg/day could be considered as a suitable high dose-level for the main embryo-fetal developmental study with Luperox DH.

 

Effect on developmental toxicity: via oral route

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

750 mg/kg bw/day

Study duration:

subacute

Species:

rat

Effect on developmental toxicity: via inhalation route

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Effect on developmental toxicity: via dermal route

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Justification for classification or non-classification

According to EU regulation (EC) No 1272/2008, the substance is not classified for reproductive toxicity.