Titanium tetrakis(dimethylammonium)

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

Titanium tetrakic(dimethylammonium) is an organometalic liquid with an pH > 11. The substance is classified as corrosive. Additionally, titanium tetrakic(dimethylammonium) can only be handled in air-free environments. It is a flammable liquid and extremely unstable (see also chapter 1.2 or 5.2.1 or 13). Within seconds, it reacts violently in contact with moisture or water. The decomposition products are dimethylamine and titanium oxide. Dimethylamine is a highly flammable gas, but well soluble in water, highly basic, and corrosive to skin and eyes. In an acute inhalation toxicity study with dimethylamine (Steinhagen et al.), severe corrosive and necrotic effects were observed on eyes, skin, and mucous nasal membranes.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Acute toxicity: via oral route

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

acute toxicity: oral

Data waiving:

study scientifically not necessary / other information available

Justification for data waiving:

the study does not need to be conducted because the substance is classified as corrosive to the skin

Justification for type of information:

Titanium tetrakic(dimethylammonium) is an organometalic liquid with an pH > 11. The substance is classified as corrosive. Additionally, titanium tetrakic(dimethylammonium) can only be handled in air-free environments. It is a flammable liquid and extremely unstable (see also chapter 1.2 or 5.1.2 or 13). Within seconds, it reacts violently in contact with moisture or water. The decomposition products are dimethylamine and titanium oxide. Dimethylamine is a highly flammable gas, but dimethylamine is well water soluble, highly basic, and corrosive also to skin.

Acute toxicity: via inhalation route

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

acute toxicity: inhalation

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 403 (Acute Inhalation Toxicity)

GLP compliance:

not specified

Test type:

other: acute inhalation toxicity

Limit test:

no

Specific details on test material used for the study:

dimethylamine was applied as gas

Species:

rat

Strain:

Fischer 344

Sex:

male

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

rats from Charles River Breeding Labs, Kingston, NY
weight: 158-218 grams
before and after exposure rats were housed in stainless steal wire mash cages with false floors. Animal rooms were maintained at 20-24°C with 45-60% humidity and a 12 hour on/off light cycle. Exept during exposure, animals were provided water and food (Wayne Lab Blocks Chicago, IL) ad libitum

Route of administration:

inhalation: gas

Type of inhalation exposure:

whole body

Vehicle:

other: nitrogen

Details on inhalation exposure:

Tte animals were exposed in a 99 liter glass and teflon whole body exposure chamber

Analytical verification of test atmosphere concentrations:

yes

Duration of exposure:

6 h

Remarks on duration:

observation period untill 48 hours after exposure

Concentrations:

600; 1000; 2500; 4000; 6000 ppm

No. of animals per sex per dose:

ca 10 animals per dose

Control animals:

not specified

Statistics:

According to Litchfield and Wilcoxon (1949)
The LC50 was determined and analyzed using probit and Chi2 analysis. All results were considered significant at p <= 0.05

Sex:

male

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect level:

4 540 ppm

Based on:

test mat.

95% CL:

ca. 4 208 - ca. 4 899

Exp. duration:

6 h

Mortality:

concentraions of 600; 1000; and 2000 ppm produced no mortality
mortality starting from 4000 ppm with a 90% mortality at 6000 ppm

Clinical signs:

other: eye irritation, gasping, bloody nose secretion, salivation, lacrimation, corneal opacity, convulsion

Gross pathology:

all dose groups: severe congestion, ulcerative rhinits and necrosis of the nasal turbinates,
rats exposed to 2500 ppm DMA showed ulcerative tracheitis with pseudomembrane formation, bacterial colonization, epithelial hyperplasia,
exposure to 1000 ppm caused suppurative tracheitis with epithelial hyperplasia, at 600 ppm mild tracheitis and epithelial hyperplasia,
lungs: at 4000 to 6000 ppm: ulcerative lesions that extended to the level of primary and secondary bronchioles, at 2500 to 6000: ppm peripheral emphysema and bronchopneumonia, at 1000 ppm: emphysema, bronchial hyperplasia, pneumonitis, at 600 ppm: mild emphysema in peripheral areas of the lung
Lesions outside the respiratory tract were evident in livers at 2500 to 6000 ppm and the eyes of animals at 1000 to 6000 ppm, hepatic lesions consisted of mild fatty degeneration and focal necrosis at 2000 to 4000 ppm and one 6000 ppm animal showed centrolobular necrosis
Ocular pathology increased in severity with exposure concentrations. at 1000 ppm corneal edema was evident, at 2500 to 6000 ppm corneal ulceration, keratitis, edema and loss of Descement's membrane, many rats exposed to 4000 or 6000 ppm showed necrosis of the iris and severe degeneration of the lens, suggestive or acute cataract formation

Executive summary:

An LC50 of 4500 ppm was determined in rats after 6 h whole body exposure with dimethylamine gas.

The observed concentration-dependent effects can be related to the corrosive properties of dimethylamine

Reference 2

Endpoint:

acute toxicity: inhalation

Data waiving:

study scientifically not necessary / other information available

Justification for data waiving:

the study does not need to be conducted because the substance is classified as corrosive to the skin

Justification for type of information:

Titanium tetrakic(dimethylammonium) is an organometalic liquid with an pH > 11. The substance is classified as corrosive. Additionally, titanium tetrakic(dimethylammonium) can only be handled in air-free environments. It is a flammable liquid and extremely unstable (see also chapter 1.2 or 5.2.1 or 13). Within seconds it reacts violently in contact with moisture or water. The decomposition products are dimethylamine and titanium oxide. Dimethylamine is a highly flammable gas, but dimethylamine is well water soluble, highly basic, and corrosive to skin and eyes