Barium oxide, obtained by calcining witherite

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Administrative data

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Study not conducted according to existing guidance (1972-study), but test method well described and test conditions well documented. Study meets generally accepted scientific standards

Data source

Reference

Reference 1

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Effects of various metals on survival, growth, reproduction and metabolism of Daphnia magna

Author:

Biesinger K. E. and Christensen G. M.

Year:

1972

Bibliographic source:

Journal fisheries Research Board of Canada, Vol. 29 No. 12, 1972

Reference 2

Reference Type:

secondary source

Title:

Barium and Barium Compounds

Author:

World Health Organization

Year:

2001

Bibliographic source:

Concise International Chemical Assessment Document 33. World Health Organisation (Geneva)

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

no guideline available

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Similar to OECD Guideline 202

GLP compliance:

no

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Barium chloride

EC Number:

233-788-1

EC Name:

Barium chloride

Cas Number:

10361-37-2

IUPAC Name:

barium dichloride

Sampling and analysis

Analytical monitoring:

no

Test solutions

Vehicle:

no

Test organisms

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

- Strain: laboratory clone
- Source: University of Michigan
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): 12h +/- 12h
- Feeding during test: no

Study design

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Test conditions

Hardness:

44 -53 mg/L as CaCO3

pH:

7.4 - 8.2

Nominal and measured concentrations:

The number of nominal concentrations tested ranged from 5 to 12 depending on the toxicant and the initial effects observed

Details on test conditions:

- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 2

Tests were run both with and without food additions. Complete immobilization or death was the endpoint

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Lake Superior water; unfiltered water strained through a #20 bolting cloth
- Metals: 14 µg Ba/L ; 16 µg Sr/L ; 0.78 µg Zn/L ; <0.5 µg Ni/L ; 1.51 µg Cu/L ; <0.5 µg Co/L ; < 0.01 g Hg/L ; < 0.1 µg Cd/L
- Chloride: 1.22 mg/L
- Alkalinity: 42.3 mg/L as CaCO3
- Ca: 13.7 mg /L
- Mg: 3.12 mg/L
- K: 0.53 mg/L
- Na: 1.13 mg/L

Results and discussion

Effect concentrations

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

14.5 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

element

Basis for effect:

mobility

Remarks:

and mortality

Reported statistics and error estimates:

Results were statistically evaluated with the method of Lichtfield and Wilcoxon (1949) for establishing appoximations of the 95% confidence limit for survival