Genipin

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Administrative data

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Remarks:

Publication

Justification for type of information:

Published research, where assessment of the substance was secondary to the primary research being conducted
Read across to other natural extract with some shared structural groups
Considered suitable for classification as Aquatic Acute 1, M=1

Cross-reference

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across: supporting information

Reference

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

48 hours

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Remarks:

Reported 2023 as guideline study with supporting analysis

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Remarks:

Academic research work

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

Samples of all fresh test media and the control were analysed at exposure initiation (fresh) and during a renewal (spent).
The samples of test item concentrations of 45.5 mg/L, 4.3 mg/L plus the control at renewal (fresh) and at exposure termination (spent) were chemically analysed.

Vehicle:

no

Remarks:

Water

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

Young. 6 - 24 hours old

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Test temperature:

20 - 21.4 C

pH:

Approximately 7.2, adjusted in the media

Dissolved oxygen:

Approximately 8 mg/l

Nominal and measured concentrations:

100, 45.5, 20.7, 9.4 and 4.3 mg/L nominal, plus the control.
In fresh samples at exposure initiation and at renewal, the determined concentrations of Genipin were in the range of 97.0 - 116.8% of the nominal concentration. The results confirm that the test item concentration was prepared correctly.
In spent samples at renewal and at exposure termination, the determined concentrations of Genipin were in the range of 79.2 – 90.0 of the nominal concentration. Therefore, the concentrations of Genipin were not fully stable during 24 h under test conditions.
The endpoint value was determined based on the nominal test item concentration as well as geometric means of determined concentrations of Genipin.

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

ca. 20.3 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (geom. mean)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

ca. 21.8 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Details on results:

Controls valid

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

Valid guideline study with analysis demonstrated moderate toxicity to Daphnia
Supporting analysis indicated slight, consistent, loss of test material across the replicates. The significance of this is not understood, but may hint at hydrolytic instability.
The substance is considered to be rapidly biodegradable.

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

The Influence of Suspended Solids on the Combined Toxicity of Galaxolide and Lead to Daphnia magna

Author:

Fang C. et al

Year:

2015

Bibliographic source:

Bull Environ Contam Toxicol (2015) 95:73–79

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Research work following principles of OECD guideline

GLP compliance:

not specified

Remarks:

Academic research work

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylindeno[5,6-c]pyran

EC Number:

214-946-9

EC Name:

1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylindeno[5,6-c]pyran

Cas Number:

1222-05-5

Molecular formula:

C18H26O

IUPAC Name:

1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylindeno[5,6-c]pyran

Sampling and analysis

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

Not specified

Test solutions

Vehicle:

no

Remarks:

Water

Details on test solutions:

Allowed to equilibrate in water for up to 24 hours (nominal 20 hours)

Test organisms

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

Young. 6 - 24 hours old

Study design

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Test conditions

pH:

Approx 7, adjusted in the media

Dissolved oxygen:

Approx 7 mg/l

Nominal and measured concentrations:

0.1, 0.2, 0.35, 0.60, 1.0, 2.0, 3.5 and 6.0 mg/l
Measured concentrations were 90 % to 102 % of nominal. Nominal used for reporting.

Results and discussion

Effect concentrations

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

ca. 0.19 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Details on results:

Controls valid

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

Considered very toxic to aquatic organisms
It is noted that some of the read-across parameters are not met, with Galaxolide having a lower water solubility and higher Log Kow, but the observed high toxicity to invertebrates is typical of the class of substance and typical of many plant extracts of this type.