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Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.

The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.

Diss Factsheets

Ecotoxicological information

Ecotoxicological Summary

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Administrative data

Hazard for aquatic organisms

Freshwater

Hazard assessment conclusion:
no data available: testing technically not feasible

Marine water

Hazard assessment conclusion:
no data available: testing technically not feasible

STP

Hazard assessment conclusion:
no data available: testing technically not feasible

Sediment (freshwater)

Hazard assessment conclusion:
no data available: testing technically not feasible

Sediment (marine water)

Hazard assessment conclusion:
no data available: testing technically not feasible

Hazard for air

Air

Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified

Hazard for terrestrial organisms

Soil

Hazard assessment conclusion:
no data available: testing technically not feasible

Hazard for predators

Secondary poisoning

Hazard assessment conclusion:
no data available: testing technically not feasible

Additional information

The hazard assessment of inorganic UVCBs for the purpose of classification and derivation of safe effect thresholds (i.e. PNEC) is a cumbersome and complex process. Due to the intrinsic variability of the composition of an UVCB, it is difficult to select a sample that would unambiguously be representative for the (eco)toxicological hazard profile of the UVCB and could subsequently be used for testing. Instead of direct testing, a precautionary approach is taken where the UVCB is treated as a complex metal containing substance containing a number of discrete constituents (metals, metal compounds, non-metal inorganic compounds etc.). For each of these constituents, the hazard profile is used for deriving the proper classification of the UVCB (using the mixture rules) and/or for the derivation of the PNECs of the constituent (forwarded to the risk assessment). Using the PNEC of all individual constituents circumvents indirectly the issue of varying composition of an UVCB as it implicitly assumes that each time the UVCB substance consists of the pure substance, i.e. that each constituent would be present and bioavailable at a 100% concentration in the UVCB substance. This can be considered a conservative approach. A main outcome of the constituents’ based assessment is the selection of all the constituents for which any environmental hazard is identified. This selection defines the scope of the further exposure and risk assessment (CSR, Ch. 9&10).


 


The actual hazard profile of the inorganic UVCB substance and the individual constituents is dependent on the speciation of each and every constituent andhence this information needs to be collected in order to obtain a robust classification or PNEC value used for risk assessment purposes. Different scenarios can be encountered.



  • When the speciation of a constituent is known, this is used as such for the environmental hazard assessment.

  • When the speciation is unknown or few metal species co-exist, the worst-case speciation for the purpose of environmental hazard assessment is selected, i.e. the speciation that would lead to the most severe effects and thus the lowest PNEC.


 


For most metals, it is generally assumed that the Me-ion is the metal species of concern and therefore, the environmental hazard assessment is generally based on Me-ion speciation (ECHA, 2008.Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment; Appendix R.7.13-2: Environmental risk assessment for metals and metal compounds)


 


Selection of the ecotoxicological information for the purpose of classification


The UVCB classification is calculated by applying the CLP mixture rules based on the classification of the known or worst-case speciation for each constituent and worst-case constituent concentration in the UVCB (i.e. maximum concentrations across industry), using the MeClas tool. Depending on the availability of information, the UVCB classification can be refined following MeClas Tiered approach.


 


Selection of the ecotoxicological information for the purpose of risk assessment


For the purpose of the environmental risk assessment for the UVCB, the hazards of each constituent will be assessed and PNEC values for all the constituents for which a hazard has been identified are compiled.


As this UVCB substance does not meet any criteria for classification as hazardous (according to Directives 67/548/EEC and 1272/2008/EC) nor is it considered to be a PBT/vPvB an exposure assessment and the subsequent step of risk characterisation is not required.


 

 

 

 

Conclusion on classification

The UVCB is treated as a complex metal containing substance with a number of discrete constituting compounds (metals, metal compounds, non-metal inorganic compounds). The hazard classifications of each compound are then factored into a combined classification of the UVCB as a whole. The classification was derived using MeClas (MEtals CLASsification tool - see www.meclas.eu), a calculation tool that follows classification guidance and implementation in accordance to legal rules and technical guidance from ECHA and CLP.


The calculated hazard is a conservative estimate representative for the substance across industry, as defined by the maximum elemental concentration across industry.


 


Classification outcome based on mixture toxicity rules: not classified for the aquatic environment.


See IUCLID section 13.2 attachments for details.