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EC number: 223-296-5 | CAS number: 3811-73-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Repeated dose toxicity: oral
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity: oral
- Remarks:
- combined repeated dose and carcinogenicity
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 991
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: US EPA 83-2
- GLP compliance:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Pyridine-2-thiol 1-oxide, sodium salt
- EC Number:
- 223-296-5
- EC Name:
- Pyridine-2-thiol 1-oxide, sodium salt
- Cas Number:
- 3811-73-2
- Molecular formula:
- C5H5NOS.Na
- IUPAC Name:
- sodium (1-oxo-1λ⁵-pyridin-2-yl)sulfanide
- Details on test material:
- - Analytical purity: 41.2%
- Lot/batch No.: 8508-P-166H
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Crj: CD(SD)
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River UK Ltd
- Age at study initiation: 6 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: male 163-231g, female 128-172g
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Vehicle:
- water
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 104 weeks
- Frequency of treatment:
- Daily
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
0, 0.5, 1.5, and 5.0 mg/kg bw The 5.0-mg/Kg dose was reduced to 3.5 mg/Kg after 12 weeks
Basis:
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 20
- Control animals:
- yes, concurrent vehicle
Examinations
- Observations and examinations performed and frequency:
- -Clinical signs: daily
-Mortality: twice daily
-Body weight: weekly for the first 16 weeks, then every 4 weeks
-Food consumption: weekly for the first 16 weeks, then every 4 weeks
-Ophthalmic examination: start of study and termination
-Haematology:
Number of animals: 10 male and 10 female
Time points: weeks 27, 53, 78, and 104
Parameters: Haematocrit, haemoglobin concentration, erythrocyte count, total and differential leukocyte count, platelet count, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, mean cell volume, reticulocyte count
-Clinical chemistry:
Number of animals: 10 male and 10 female
Time points: weeks 27, 53, 78, and 104
Parameters: sodium, potassium, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, glucose, total cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen, total bilirubin, creatinine, total protein, albumin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, triglycerides, creatinine phosphokinase.
-Urinalysis:
number of animals: all animals
time points: 26, 52, 77, and 103
Parameters: appearance, volume, specific gravity, pH, protein, glucose, blood, specific gravity, ketones, bilirubin, deposits. - Sacrifice and pathology:
- -Organ weights: liver, kidneys, adrenals, testes, ovaries, spleen, brain, heart, lungs, pituitary, and thyroids
-Gross and histopathology: The listed tissues in high dose group, controls, and all decedents. Also, the lungs, liver, kidneys, hind-limb skeletal muscle, skin (including panniculus muscle), spinal cord (including paravertebral muscle), eyes, and all gross lesions from animals of the low and intermediate dose groups. All tumours and masses suspected of being tumours from all animals.
Organs: Duodenum, harderian gland, jejunum, brain, spinal cord (three levels), pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, oesophagus, salivary glands, stomach, small and large intestines, colon, ilium, liver, pancreas, rectum, kidneys, adrenals, spleen, heart, trachea, lungs, aorta, gonads, uterus, female mammary gland, prostate, seminal vesicles, epididymides, urinary bladder, lymph nodes (mesenteric, submandibular), sciatic nerve, skin, eyes, skeletal muscle, bone (sternum and femur), caecum. - Statistics:
- Body weight, and organ weight data were analyzed by Bartlett’s test and if not significant by ANOVA. If there were significant differences, the data were log transformed and, if still significant, non-parametric methods were used (Wilcox rank sum test).
The statistical methodology used by Peto (1980) was applied to the survival and histopathological data. Refer to the report for a detailed summary
Results and discussion
Results of examinations
- Clinical signs:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Mortality:
- mortality observed, treatment-related
- Body weight and weight changes:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- no effects observed
- Food efficiency:
- not examined
- Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
- not examined
- Ophthalmological findings:
- no effects observed
- Haematological findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Clinical biochemistry findings:
- no effects observed
- Urinalysis findings:
- no effects observed
- Behaviour (functional findings):
- not examined
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Gross pathological findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Histopathological findings: neoplastic:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Details on results:
- -Clinical signs: Hind-limb muscle wastage in the high-dose males from week 95 and high-dose females from approximately week 89 to termination
-Mortality: No dose-related effects
-Body weight: A treatment -related reduction in body weight gain was seen in the high-dose females. Body weights were 8% lower than the controls at week 8. The high dose for males and females was reduced to 3.5 mg/Kg at week 12; however, the body weights remained 10-14% below controls for the remainder of the study. There was no strict dose response to weight gain. At termination, the overall weight gain for the high-dose females was 19% below the controls. Weight gain for the intermediate-dose females (1.5 mg/Kg) was within 2% of the controls, while weight gain for the low-dose females (0.5 mg/Kg) was 9% below the controls.
No effects on overall body weight gain were seen in the males at any dose, although body weights at the high dose were significantly (p < 0.05) below the controls at week 16.
-Haematology: Treatment-related changes were minor and confined to reductions in red cell mass in intermediate- and high-dose females during weeks 27 and 53. The changes comprised 5-7% reduction in RBC and haemoglobin concentration, which reach statistical significance (p < 0.05) at week 27, and 10% reduction in RBC alone at week 53 (p < 0.05 minimum). Additionally, at week 53, packed cell volume was reduced by 9% and was statistically different from controls (p < 0.001) in intermediate-dose females only
-Organ weights: Treatment-related changes were confined to the lungs and liver in the males. The relative weight of the lungs was increased (p < 0.05 minimum) at the intermediate and high doses, and the relative weight of the liver was increased (p < 0.05) at the high dose.
-Gross and histopathology: Macroscopic pathology showing a treatment relationship was confined to hind-limb muscle wasting in high-dose females and intermediate-dose and high-dose males, consistent with the in-life observations.
Histopathological changes related to treatment were observed mainly at the high dose in the skeletal muscle, sciatic nerve, and eyes of male and female rats, and in the spinal cord of the female rats. Degeneration of nerve fibers was observed in the spinal cord and sciatic nerve with associated neurogenic degeneration of skeletal muscle fibers. Similar degenerative changes were observed in muscle from other sites during the course of slide examination, i.e. paniculus and paravertabral muscles and those adjacent to the sternum and femur. In the eyes, there was an increased incidence of retinal atrophy in the high-dose males and females, with the females more affected
Effect levels
open allclose all
- Dose descriptor:
- LOAEL
- Effect level:
- 1.5 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
- Sex:
- male/female
- Basis for effect level:
- other: based on minor effects on haematology (packed cell volume), relative weight of the lungs, and muscle and nerve fiber degeneration.
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Effect level:
- 0.5 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
- Sex:
- male/female
- Basis for effect level:
- other: no substance-related findings were observed
Target system / organ toxicity
- Critical effects observed:
- not specified
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- NOAEL=0.5 mg/kg
LOAEL=1.5 mg/kg
The information contained within this robust summary document comes from studies which are in the ownership of Arch Chemicals Inc. and which are protected in several regions globally. This information may not be used for any purpose other than in support of the Chemical safety Report submitted by Arch Chemicals Inc. under Regulation EC 1907/2006.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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