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EC number: 202-433-2 | CAS number: 95-57-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Provisional Procedure: extended toxicology test with Daphnia magna, Recommendation of the Federal Environmental Agency on the Performance of Testing, Section 5, para 1, No. 3 of the Regulation on Application Documents and Evidence under the Chemicals Act
- Version / remarks:
- 1984
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: Before preparing the dilution series, the substances to be tested were fully dissolved (both quantitatively and optically) in dilution water using magnetic stirrers (stock solution). In the case of substances of low water solubility, efforts were made to dissolve them by means of up to 24 h stirring. Solutions which were not optically clear after dissolution were filtered over fibre-glass filters and the filtrate was quantified chemically. From the stock solution of the substance to be tested, graduated dilutions with dilution water were produced in the concentration range in which effects were to be expected.
- Differential loading: No
- Controls: Yes - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: water flea
- Strain/clone: IRCHA
- Source: in-house culture
- Age of parental stock at test begin: 24 h
- Feeding during test: Yes
- Food type: dry algae (Scenedesmus)
- Amount: 2 mL of a solution containing 9 g feed in 1 L
- Frequency: Only on the days when the test media were replaced in the case of closed test vessels (bottles with ground-glass stoppers).
METHOD FOR PREPARATION AND COLLECTION OF EARLY INSTARS OR OTHER LIFE STAGES:
In order to obtain 24 h-old animals on the potential preparation days in a 21 d test series - Wednesdays or Fridays - it was necessary to remove the offspring from the cultivation beakers on Tuesday and/or Thursday. The daphnia which were at most 24 h old were removed by pipette and concentrated on a 0.25 mm DIN sieve, placed in as small an amount of dilution water as possible and used as test organisms. - Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 21 d
- Hardness:
- 16 °dH
- Test temperature:
- 25 ± 1 °C
- pH:
- 7.6 - 7.7 (at test begin)
- Dissolved oxygen:
- min. 58% (bottles) - 69% (beakers) saturation (at the end of the test)
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- nominal: 0.063 - 8 mg/L
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: wide-neck bottles (in the case of volatile or strongly smelling substances)
- Type: closed with ground-glass stoppers
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: Size = 400 mL (beakers), 250 mL (bottles); Fill volume = 250 mL
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): 3 x/week: Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
- Biomass loading rate: 1 daphnid/50 mL
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: deionized water and tap water
- Culture medium different from test medium: yes. Daphnia were cultured in dechlorinated and oxygen-saturated tap water. In the test and control preparations, an artifical medium (synthetic fresh water) was used.
- Intervals of water quality measurement: The pH and the oxygen concentration were measured when test and control media were changed.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: 9 h light; 15 h dark
- Light intensity: fluorescent lamps, Philips TL 65/33W
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED:
- Mortality of the parent animals: daily
- Reproduction rate: daily
- Apperance of the first offspring during the test: daily
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 1:2 ratio or if it was necessary to use a concentration range of 3-4 logs in the test, then the dilution series was set up with a ratio of 1:10E-02.
- Range finding study: yes - Reference substance (positive control):
- not specified
- Key result
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Key result
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.3 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Key result
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: appearance of first offspring
- Key result
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.3 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: appearance of first offspring
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The Student´s t-test and the U-test were the statistical methods used to calculate the the NOEC based on the mortality of the parent animals and the reproduction rate. The U-test did not require the normal distribution of the test results and was therefore more suitable for evaluating the 21 d Daphnia reproduction test. The highest concentration level, which did not differ (NOEC) from the control, and the lowest, which did differ from the control in respect of mortality of the parent animals and of the reproduction rate, could be ascertained from the calculations. Moreover, in order to determine the NOEC, observations and evaluations were also made of the appearance of the first offspring in the test preparations in comparison with the control preparations.
Reference
Description of key information
NOEC (21 d): 0.5 mg/L (nominal, based on reproduction of D. magna);
NOEC (21 d): 0.3 mg/L (minimum value, i.e. lowest analysed concentration, based on reproduction of D. magna)
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 0.3 mg/L
Additional information
There is one scientific study available investigating the long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates. D. magna were exposed under semi-static conditions to nominal concentrations of 0.063 - 8 mg/L for 21 d in closed wide-neck bottles due to volatility of the substance. Test concentrations were verified by analytical measurements. The derived NOEC (21 d) was 0.5 mg/L (nominal) and 0.3 mg/L (measured) based on reproduction of D. magna.
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