3-phenylpropan-1-ol

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

2015-08-04 to 2015-08-05

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Remarks:

GLP and OECD Guideline conform study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)

Version / remarks:

2002

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

All concentration levels and the control were analytically verified via HPLC-DAD at the start (0 and 24 hours) and at the end of the exposure intervals (24 and 48 hours). The method was validated prior to this study according to SANCO 3029/99 rev.4 (2000).
- Sampling method: At the start of the exposure intervals (0 and 24 hours), sampling was carried out after preparation of the test item concentrations.
At the end of the exposure intervals (24 and 48 hours), samples were taken from additional replicates, which were prepared with test media, but without daphnids. These additional replicates were incubated under test conditions until sampling.

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: A stock solution (100 mg/L of the test item were weighed out) was freshly prepared with ISO test water before the start of each exposure interval (at 0 and 24 hours).
- Controls:Dilution water (ISO test water as specified below) without test item tested under the same conditions as the test groups.
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc.): no

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Water flea (Daphnia magna)
- Strain: Daphnia magna STRAUS (Clone 5)
- Source: Institut für Wasser-, Boden- und Lufthygiene (WaBoLu), 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Age at study initiation: 2 to 24 hours
- Feeding during test: The culture daphnids are fed at least 5 times per week ad libitum with a mix of unicellular green algae, e.g. Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Desmodesmus subspicatus, with an algae cell density of > 106 cells/mL. The algae are cultured at the test facility.

ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: At least 2 hours in dilution water.
- Acclimation conditions: Same as the test

Test type:

semi-static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Remarks on exposure duration:

None

Post exposure observation period:

None

Hardness:

262 mg CaCO3/L

Test temperature:

18 - 22 °C, constant within ± 1 °C

pH:

The pH-values should be in the range of 6 - 9. Measured values: 7.93 - 8.00 (0 hours) and 7.72 - 7.80 (48 hous)

Dissolved oxygen:

0 hours: 8.97 - 9.13 mg/L
48 hours: 8.75 - 9.21 mg/L

Salinity:

not applicable

Conductivity:

No data

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal concentration: 3.13, 6.25, 12.5, 25.0, 50.0 and 100 mg/L
Measured concentrations: 2.97, 6.17, 12.7, 25.1, 50.8 and 97.4 mg/L. The measured concentrations of the test item at the start of the exposure intervals (0 and 24 hours) were in the range of 95 to 103 % of the nominal values. At the end of the exposure intervals (24 and 48 hours), the measured concentrations of the test item were in the range of 94 to 101 % of the nominal values.

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: glass beakers (4 (ID) x 7 (H) cm), 50 mL capacity, loosely covered with watch glasses
- Test volume: 20 mL
- Renewal rate of test solution: after 24 hours
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: No
- Photoperiod: 16/8 hours light/dark cycle
- Light intensity: Diffuse light, light intensity of max. 20 µE/(m^2 s^1); (1340 lux)

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED
Immobilisation was determined in all groups after 24 and 48 hours.

TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 2


VEHICLE CONTROL PERFORMED: no

RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Test concentrations: 1.00, 10.0 and 100 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study:

Reference substance (positive control):

yes

Remarks:

Potassium dichromate

Key result

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

60.6 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Remarks on result:

other: 95 % CL 55.1 - 67.6

Details on results:

- Behavioural abnormalities: Not observed
- Observations on body length and weight: Not observed
- Mortality of control: none
- Abnormal responses: Not observed.
- Any observations that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: No
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: No
- Mortality: Based on the nominal concentrations of the test item, the 48 hour-EC50 for Daphnia magna was 60.6 mg/L (95 % confidence limits: 55.1 - 67.6 mg/L). The NOEC after 48 hours was determined to be 12.5 mg/L and the LOEC after 48 hours was determined to be 25.0 mg/L.

Results with reference substance (positive control):

- Results with reference substance valid? Yes
- EC50/LC50: The EC50-value of the reference item potassium dichromate after 24 hours is within the prescribed concentration range of 0.6 - 2.4 mg/L of quality criteria according to AQS P 9/2 (02/2000) for daphnids clone 5 cultured in Elendt M4 medium. The EC50-value of the reference item is also within the recommended range of 0.6 - 2.1 mg/L according to OECD-Guideline 202.

Reported statistics and error estimates:

The EC10-values (after 24 and 48 hours) and the EC50-value (after 48 hours) were calculated by sigmoidal dose-response regression. The respective 95 % confidence limits were calculated from the standard error and the t-distribution. All calculations were carried out with the best-fit values with the software GraphPad Prism5. The concentration-effect relationships are shown graphically. The EC50-value for the reference item and its 95 % confidence limits were calculated accordingly. Due to the lack of an effect value greater than 50 % after 24 hours, an EC50-value after 24 hours could not be calculated.

 Table 1: Immobilisation Rates after 24 and 48 h of Exposure in the Definitive Test (n = 20, divided into 4 replicates with 5 daphnids each)

 

Nominal test item concentration [mg/L]	Immobilisation [%]
	24 hours					48 hours
	Replicates					Replicates
	1	2	3	4	MV	1	2	3	4	MV
100	40	40	40	60	45	80	80	100	100	90
50	0	20	20	20	15	20	40	40	20	30
25	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	0	20	15
12.5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
6.25	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
3.13	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Control	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

 

MV = mean value

 

 

Table 2: Measured Concentrations and Percent of Nominal Concentration of the Test Item during the Definitive Test

 

Nominal test item concentration [mg/L]	Start of the exposure interval 0 hours		End of the exposure interval 24 hours		Start of the exposure interval 24 hours		End of the exposure interval 48 hours
	Measured concentration [mg/L]	%	Measured concentration [mg/L]	%	Measured concentration [mg/L]	%	Measured concentration [mg/L]	%
100	97.4	97	98.6	99	99.7	100	99.3	99
50	50.8	102	50.6	101	99.7	103	50.1	100
25	25.1	100	25.1	100	51.7	101	24.3	97
12.5	12.7	102	12.6	101	25.3	102	12.4	99
6.25	6.17	99	6.03	96	6.09	97	6.22	100
3.13	2.97	95	2.95	94	3.11	99	3.00	96
Control	< LOQ		< LOQ		< LOQ		< LOQ

  LOQ = limit of quantification (1.00 mg/L of the test item)

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

In a 48 h static toxicity test with Daphnia magna the EC50 value based on mobility of the test substance was found to be 60.6 mg/L.

Executive summary:

In the acute immobilisation test with Daphnia magna (STRAUS), the effects of the test item were determined according to OECD Guideline 202 (2004). The study was conducted under semi-static conditions over a period of 48 hours with 6 concentrations of the test item (3.13, 6.25, 12.5, 25.0, 50.0 and 100 mg/L (nominal)), prepared with dilution water (ISO test water, acc. to OECD 202, Annex 3) in a geometric series with a separation factor of 2.

The tested solutions were visually clear throughout the exposure period. Twenty daphnids were exposed to each concentration level and the control. The concentrations of the test item were analytically verified via HPLC-DAD at the start of the exposure intervals (0 and 24 hours) and at the end of the exposure intervals (24 and 48 hours) in all concentration levels and the control. The measured concentrations of the test item at the start of the exposure intervals (0 and 24 hours) were in the range of 95 to 103 % of the nominal values. At the end of the exposure intervals (24 and 48 hours), the measured concentrations of the test item were in the range of 94 to 101 % of the nominal values. The measured test item concentrations were all within ± 20 % of the nominal concentrations. This indicates that the test item concentrations were successfully maintained for the duration of the test. Therefore, the effect levels given are based on the nominal concentrations of the test item. The EC10(48 h) value based on mobility was determined to be 32.8 mg/L and the EC50 (48h) value was determined to be 60.6 mg/L.

Description of key information

In a 48 h static toxicity test with Daphnia magna the EC50 value based on mobility of the test substance was found to be 60.6 mg/L.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water invertebrates

Fresh water invertebrates

Effect concentration:

60.6 mg/L

Additional information

In the acute immobilisation test with Daphnia magna (STRAUS), the effects of the test item were determined according to OECD 202 (2004). The study was conducted using the following test item concentrations: 3.13, 6.25, 12.5, 25.0, 50.0 and 100 mg/L (nominal). Potassium dichromate served as positive control. After 24 and 48 hours, the daphnids were observed for signs of immobility. As a result, the EC50 value of the test substance was found to be 60.6 mg/L based on nominal concentrations.