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EC number: 273-453-7 | CAS number: 68966-86-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 5th February 2003 - 6th February 2003
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 1999 (Draft)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)
- Version / remarks:
- 1992
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: All test concentrations and control
- Sampling method: Samples taken at Day 0 and Day 28 for DOC analysis - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: 50 mg/L stock solution stirred for 24 h on magnetic stirrer (600 rpm) after which undissolved particles of the test item were removed by centrifugation (20 minutes, 3000rpm) to ensure a saturated solution
- Differential loading: Test dilutions of the saturated solution were used at 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:8 and 1:16
- Controls: Dilution water
- Chemical name of vehicle (organic solvent, emulsifier or dispersant): None used
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc.): Undissolved particles were removed by centrifugation. The test item was clearly dissolved in all tested dilutions. - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Giant water flea
- Strain: STRAUS (Clone 5)
- Source: Institut für Wasser-, Boden- und Lufthygiene (WaBoLu)
- Age at study initiation: 2 to 24 h
- Feeding during test: None
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 2 h
- Acclimation conditions: same as test
- Type and amount of food: ad libitum Desmodesmus subspicatus and Chlorella vulgaris
- Feeding frequency: 5 x weekly - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- None
- Hardness:
- 261 mg CaCO3/L for dilution water
- Test temperature:
- 19 ± 1°C
- pH:
- 7.66 - 7.81
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 8.66 - 10.16 mg/L
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations: 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, 1:16 dilutions of the saturated solution
Measured concentrations; 11.6, 5.92, 3.12, 1.86, 1.31 mg/L (based on carbon content of 0.73 mg C/mg test item) - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Beaker
- Type (delete if not applicable): open
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: Glass, 5 cm ID x 8 cm H, 50 mL
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): None included
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Dilution water pH 7.8, hardness 261 mg CaCO3/L
- Conductivity: 646 µS/cm
- Culture medium different from test medium: Culture medium Elendt M4, dilution water not stated
- Intervals of water quality measurement: Dissolved oxygen and pH measured at the start of the test in one replicate and at the end in all replicates
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: None
- Photoperiod: 16/8 h light/dark cycle
- Light intensity: Diffuse light, illumination range max. 20 µ mol.m-2 . s-1
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : Immobilisation measured after 24 and 48 hours
VEHICLE CONTROL PERFORMED: Not required
RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Test concentrations: Dilution levels 1:1 to 1:100, factor of 10
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: Yes, based on rangefinder results dilutions of 1:1 to 1:16 used in the main study - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 5.69 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 7.98 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL lower: 7.26 95% CL higher: 8.76
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- 24 h EC10: 0.83 mg/L
24 h EC50: 2.17 mg/L (CL 1.66-2.83)
24 h EC100: 5.80 mg/L - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- No immobilisation in control group; reference item EC50 >1 <2.5 mg/L; dissolved oxygen >5.21 mg/L; pH did not vary by >1 unit
- Conclusions:
- The 48 h EC50 value for Daphnia Magna immobilisation is 7.98 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
This study is conducted in accordance with OECD guideline 202 and EU Method C.2 and is GLP compliant. Dilutions of a saturated solution were tested and measured concentrations analysed based on DOC. A dilution water control was included and all validity criteria were met. Therefore, the study is considered to be reliable without restrictions (Klimisch 1). The 48 h EC50 value for Daphnia Magna immobilisation is 7.98 mg/L.
Reference
DOC analysis of new (0 h) and Old Media (48 h)
Dilution of the saturated solution* | DOC (mg/L) | Real Test Item Concentration (mg/L) | |||||
Parallel Determination (0 h) (New Media) |
Parallel Determination (48 h) (Old Media) |
Overall Mean | Corrected vs. Control | ||||
1:1 | 14.23 | 14.82 | 6.35 | 6.86 | 10.57 | 8.49 | 11.6 |
1:2 | 8.82 | 9.03 | 3.92 | 3.89 | 6.42 | 4.34 | 5.92 |
1:4 | 6.05 | 6.24 | 2.37 | 2.80 | 4.37 | 2.29 | 3.12 |
1:8 | 4.82 | 4.89 | 2.15 | 1.91 | 3.44 | 1.36 | 1.86 |
1:16 | 4.22 | 4.31 | 2.14 | 1.50 | 3.04 | 0.96 | 1.31 |
Control | 3.15 | 3.06 | 1.03 | 1.08 | 2.08 | - | - |
* Saturated solution: the maximum dissolved concentration of the test item that can be achieved under the test conditions in the test medium, according to OECD Series No. 23.
1) The real test concentrations were calculated based on the carbon content of 0.73 mg C/mg test item
Percentage of Daphnids Incapable of Swimming after 24 and 48 hours of Exposure (n = 20)
Dilution of the saturated solution* | Test item concentration | Immobilisation (%) | |||||||||
24 h | 48 h | ||||||||||
mg/L | Replicates | Replicates | |||||||||
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | MV | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | MV | ||
1:1 | 11.6 | 40 | 60 | 80 | 80 | 65 | 60 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 90 |
1:2 | 5.92 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 5 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 |
1:4 | 3.12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
1:8 | 1.86 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
1:16 | 1.31 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Control | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
MV = Mean value
* Saturated solution: The maximum dissolved concentration of the test item that can be achieved under the test conditions in the test medium, according to OECD Series No. 23
EC10 -, EC50 - (with confidence interval), EC100 - Values based on mean measured concentrations
Test duration (h) | Concentration (mg/L) | Confidence interval (p = 95 %) | |
EC10 | 24 | 6.75 | -- |
48 | 5.69 | -- | |
EC50 | 24 | 10.2 | 9.08 - 11.4 |
48 | 7.98 | 7.26 - 8.76 | |
EC100 | 24 | >11.6 | -- |
48 | > 11.6 | -- |
Description of key information
The 48 h EC50 value for Daphnia Magna immobilisation is 7.98 mg/L.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 7.98 mg/L
Additional information
This study is conducted in accordance with OECD guideline 202 and EU Method C.2 and is GLP compliant (2003). Dilutions of a saturated solution were tested and measured concentrations analysed based on DOC. A dilution water control was included and all validity criteria were met. Therefore, the study is considered to be reliable without restrictions (Klimisch 1). The 48 h EC50 value for Daphnia Magna immobilisation is 7.98 mg/L.
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