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EC number: 918-594-3 | CAS number: 7723-14-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to soil macroorganisms except arthropods
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to soil macroorganisms except arthropods: long-term
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2010-02-26 to 2010-04-26
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 010
- Report date:
- 2010
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 222 (Earthworm Reproduction Test (Eisenia fetida/Eisenia andrei))
- Version / remarks:
- DIN ISO 11268-2: 1998 (E), BBA Guideline (1994)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- The soil moisture of all test vessels deviated by more than 10 % of the individual at the end of the test since it was decided to add additional water during the study due to a dry soil surface.
- GLP compliance:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Phosphorus
- EC Number:
- 231-768-7
- EC Name:
- Phosphorus
- Cas Number:
- 7723-14-0
- IUPAC Name:
- phosphine
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Red Phosphorus, untreated
- Molecular weight: Polymeric
- Physical state: Solid, dark reddish brown solid powder
- Analytical purity: 99.2 % (w/w)
- Purity test date: Not specified
- Lot/batch No.: Fra 07-23
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: 2011-04-24
- Stability under test conditions: Not specified
- Storage condition of test material: Room temperature, protected from moisture and light, under nitrogen gas to prevent oxidising.
Constituent 1
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
Test substrate
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- - Method of mixing into soil (if used): The test item amount for each test item concentration was weighed out and mixed thoroughly with a subsample of moistened artificial soil (10 g dry weight per replicate). The treated soil subsample was given to the artificial soil, which was moistened with 432 g demineralised water to a moisture of 56 % of the maximum water holding capacity.
Subsequently, the test medium was thoroughly mixed to ensure a homogenous distribution and about 600 g soil dry weight was filled into each test vessel.
- Controls: Artificial soil moistened with demineralised water without test item was used as control medium.
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Eisenia fetida
- Animal group:
- annelids
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Eisenia fetida SAVIGNY 1826, subspecies Eisenia fetida fetida
- Source: Own breeding
- Age at test initiation (mean and range, SD): synchronized earthworm culture, not deviating more than 1 month
- Weight at test initiation (mean and range, SD): 0.50
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 2 days prior to test start
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): same as test
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): healthy
Study design
- Study type:
- laboratory study
- Substrate type:
- artificial soil
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 56 d
- Remarks:
- Removement of adults after 28 days
Test conditions
- Test temperature:
- 18 - 22 °C
- pH:
- Test item concentration [mg test item/kg soil dry weight] pH-value
day 0 day 56
Control 6.77 6.82
62.5 6.76 6.73
125 6.77 6.78
250 6.76 6.63
500 6.60 6.54
1000 6.57 6.38 - Moisture:
- Test item concentration [mg test item/kg soil dry weight] Moisture [%] of dry weight
day 0 day 56
Control 33.5 36.4
62.5 32.1 38.9*
125 33.2 39.2*
250 31.9 38.0*
500 30.7 38.9*
1000 31.0 37.6* - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test container (material, size): round plastic boxes, ID: 15 cm, bottom surface area: 177 cm3, height: 14 cm, transparent and perforated lids enabled sufficient gas exchange and light penetration and prevented the test substrate from drying
- Amount of soil or substrate: 600 g DW
- No. of organisms per container (treatment): 10 (40)
- No. of replicates per treatment group: 4
- No. of replicates per control: 4
- No. of replicates per vehicle control:
SOURCE AND PROPERTIES OF SUBSTRATE (if soil)
- Composition (if artificial substrate): 10 % peat, 20 % kaolin, 69 % air dried quartz sand, 0.35 % calcium carbonate
- Organic carbon (%): not determined
- Maximum water holding capacity (in % dry weigth): 61
- CEC: not determined
- Pretreatment of soil: none
- Storage (condition, duration): 8 days after preparation at test conditions in the dark
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16 h light - 8 h dark
- Light intensity: 504 +/- 56 lx
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
Adult mortality, biomass, behaviour and pathological symptoms after 28 days
Reproduction (Number of juveniles) after 56 days
VEHICLE CONTROL PERFORMED: not necessary
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 2 - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal application rates: 62.5 - 125 - 250 - 500 - 1000 mg test substance/kg soil dry weight (DW)
- Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- 1.0 - 2.5 - 5.0 mg Carbendazim/ kg soil DW
Results and discussion
Effect concentrations
- Duration:
- 56 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 428 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Remarks on result:
- other: (342-551)
- Details on results:
- - Mortality at end of exposure period: One death adult earthworm was found at the test item concentration of 125 mg/kg soil dry weight after 28 days of exposure to the test item. This level of earthworm mortality (2.5 % at 125 mg test item/kg soil dry weight) is not considered to be of biological significance.
- Changes in body weigth of live adults (% of initial weight) at end of exposure period: At test start the earthworms had an individual weight of 0.30 - 0.60 g. The body weights of the adult earthworms increased throughout the first 28 days at the test item concentrations of 62.5 and 125 mg test item/kg soil dry weight without any statistically significant differences compared to the control. However, at 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg soil dry weight the biomass increase of adult earthworm was statistically significantly reduced compared to the control
- No. of offspring produced: The mean number of juveniles in the control was 280. The average number of juveniles in the treated groups ranged between 31 and 255. Compared to the control the reproduction of the earthworms was not statistically significantly reduced at 62.5 and 125 mg test item/kg soil dry weight. However, at 250, 500 and 1000 mg test item/kg soil dry weight the earthworm reproduction rate was statistically significantly reduced compared to the control.
- Behavioural abnormalities: No noteworthy symptoms or changes in the behaviour of the earthworms were observed in the control and at the test item concentrations of 62.5, 125 and 250 mg test item/kg soil dry weight after 28 days of exposure to Red Phosphorus, untreated. At the test item concentrations of 500 and 1000 mg test item/kg soil dry weight biologically significant symptoms of 17.5 % at 500 mg/kg soil dry weight and of 22.5 % at 1000 mg/kg soil dry weight occurred. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid? Yes
- Relevant effect levels: 2.5 mg Carbendazim/kg soil DW - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was carried out for the determination of statistically significant differences compared to the control. A Normality Test and an Equal Variance Test were conducted prior to running the ANOVA. P-values for both Normality and Equal Variance Test are 0.05. The a-value for ANOVA test (acceptable probability of incorrectly concluding that there is a difference) is a = 0.05. Significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) were determined by using a Dunnett’s test. Since the Equal Variance Test for reproduction failed the data were log10- transformed prior to ANOVA.
The EC50-value for reproduction was calculated by a sigmoidal dose-response regression. Calculation of the confidence interval for EC50-value was carried out.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Mortality of Adult Earthworms in [%] after 28 Days of Exposure
Test item concentration [mg test item/kg soil dry weight] |
Mortality [%] |
||||
Replicate |
MV |
||||
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
||
Control |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
62.5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
125 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
0 |
2.5 |
250 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
500 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1000 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Earthworm Behaviour and Pathological Symptoms after 28 Days of Exposure
Test item concentration [mg/kg soil dry weight] |
Effect |
Replicate |
|||
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
||
Control |
A |
10/10 |
10/10 |
10/10 |
9/10 |
F |
– |
– |
– |
1/10 |
|
62.5 |
A |
10/10 |
10/10 |
10/10 |
10/10 |
125 |
A |
10/10 |
10/10 |
9/10 |
10/10 |
H |
– |
– |
1/10 |
– |
|
250 |
A |
9/10 |
10/10 |
10/10 |
9/10 |
F |
1/10 |
– |
– |
– |
|
G |
– |
– |
– |
1/10 |
|
500 |
A |
10/10 |
7/10 |
10/10 |
6/10 |
D |
– |
2/10 |
– |
– |
|
G |
– |
1/10 |
– |
4/10 |
|
1000 |
A |
8/10 |
8/10 |
8/10 |
7/10 |
G |
2/10 |
2/10 |
2/10 |
3/10 |
Body Weight Changes of the Adult Earthworms
Test item concentration |
Rep. |
Mean body weights per replicate |
Mean body weight change of earthworms |
|||||
Test start |
28 days |
Per replicate |
Mean ± SD |
Sign.* |
||||
[g] |
[g] |
[g] |
[%] |
[g] |
[%] |
|||
Control |
1 |
0.457 |
0.640 |
0.18 |
40.0 |
0.18 ± 0.02 |
36.2 ± 3.79 |
– |
2 |
0.522 |
0.725 |
0.20 |
38.9 |
||||
3 |
0.534 |
0.710 |
0.18 |
33.0 |
||||
4 |
0.504 |
0.670 |
0.17 |
32.9 |
||||
62.5 |
1 |
0.515 |
0.700 |
0.19 |
35.9 |
0.17 ± 0.04 |
32.7 ± 6.06 |
No |
2 |
0.464 |
0.584 |
0.12 |
25.9 |
||||
3 |
0.504 |
0.653 |
0.15 |
29.6 |
||||
4 |
0.532 |
0.741 |
0.21 |
39.3 |
||||
125 |
1 |
0.529 |
0.637 |
0.11 |
20.4 |
0.12 ± 0.08 |
24.8 ± 16.3 |
No |
2 |
0.500 |
0.670 |
0.17 |
34.0 |
||||
3 |
0.459 |
0.647 |
0.19 |
40.9 |
||||
4 |
0.516 |
0.536 |
0.02 |
3.88 |
||||
250 |
1 |
0.519 |
0.592 |
0.07 |
14.1 |
0.09 ± 0.03 |
17.6 + 5.90 |
Yes |
2 |
0.529 |
0.632 |
0.10 |
19.5 |
||||
3 |
0.503 |
0.562 |
0.06 |
11.7 |
||||
4 |
0.461 |
0.576 |
0.12 |
24.9 |
||||
500 |
1 |
0.461 |
0.472 |
0.01 |
2.39 |
0.00 ± 0.04 |
-0.12 ± 6.95 |
Yes |
2 |
0.521 |
0.467 |
-0.05 |
-10.4 |
||||
3 |
0.530 |
0.557 |
0.03 |
5.09 |
||||
4 |
0.499 |
0.511 |
0.01 |
2.40 |
||||
1000 |
1 |
0.526 |
0.502 |
-0.02 |
-4.56 |
-0.01 ± 0.02 |
-2.06 ± 4.71 |
Yes |
2 |
0.464 |
0.480 |
0.02 |
3.45 |
||||
3 |
0.504 |
0.468 |
-0.04 |
-7.14 |
||||
4 |
0.515 |
0.515 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
Reproduction Rate (Number of Juveniles after 8 Weeks)
Test item concentration |
Rep. |
Number of juveniles |
Mean ± SD |
CV [%] |
[%] of control |
Significance compared to control |
Control |
1 |
289 |
280 ± 26.0 |
9.29 |
– |
– |
2 |
245 |
|||||
3 |
280 |
|||||
4 |
307 |
|||||
62.5 |
1 |
212 |
255 ± 41.4 |
16.3 |
90.8 |
No |
2 |
289 |
|||||
3 |
291 |
|||||
4 |
226 |
|||||
125 |
1 |
286 |
240 ± 46.8 |
19.5 |
85.5 |
No |
2 |
265 |
|||||
3 |
229 |
|||||
4 |
179 |
|||||
250 |
1 |
220 |
203 ± 32.6 |
16.1 |
72.4 |
Yes |
2 |
179 |
|||||
3 |
172 |
|||||
4 |
240 |
|||||
500 |
1 |
109 |
118 ± 12.2 |
10.3 |
42.1 |
Yes |
2 |
108 |
|||||
3 |
134 |
|||||
4 |
121 |
|||||
1000 |
1 |
40 |
30.5 ± 7.33 |
24.0 |
10.9 |
Yes |
2 |
32 |
|||||
3 |
23 |
|||||
4 |
27 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of this study, Red Phosphorus, untreated did not induce evident mortality of adult earthworms after 28 days of exposure. No pathological symptoms or changes of the behaviour of adult earthworms were observed at 62.5, 125 and 250 mg test item/kg soil dry weight. However, at 500 and 1000 mg test item/kg soil dry weight biologically significant symptoms occurred. The earthworm biomass increased in the control and at 62.5 and 125 mg test item/kg soil dry weight over 28 days without any statistically significant differences. At 250, 500 and 1000 mg test item/kg soil dry weight the biomass increase was statistically significantly reduced. After eight weeks of exposure the earthworm reproduction did not statistically significantly differ to the control at 62.5 and 125 mg test item/kg soil dry weight. However, at 250, 500 and 1000 mg test item/kg soil dry the reproduction rate of adult earthworms was statistically significantly reduced compared to the control.
Thus the No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) for Red Phosphorus, untreated with respect to mortality, body weight and reproduction of Eisenia fetida fetida after 8 weeks of exposure in artificial soil was determined to be at 125 mg test item/kg soil dry weight. - Executive summary:
Effects of Red Phosphorus, untreated (Batch number: Fra 07-23) on mortality, biomass and the reproductive potential of the earthworm species Eisenia fetida (Savigny) were determined according to the guidelines DIN ISO 11268-2 (1998), OECD 222 (2004) and BBA (1994) from February 26thto April 26th, 2010 with the definitive exposure phase from February 26th to April 23rd, 2010 at Dr.U.Noack-Laboratorien in 31157 Sarstedt, Germany. The study was conducted under static conditions over 8 weeks with the test item concentrations of 62.5, 125, 250, 500 and 1000 mg test item/kg soil dry weight, which were mixed into artificial soil containing 10 % peat and a control using untreated artificial soil. 40 test organisms, with an individual weight of 0.30 to 0.60 g, were divided into 4 replicate groups with 10 test organisms per replicate.
After 28 days no evident mortality of adult earthworms was observed in the control and at all test item concentrations. No pathological symptoms or changes in the behaviour of adult earthworms were seen in the control as well as at 62.5, 125 and 250 mg test item/kg soil dry weight. However, at 500 and 1000 mg test item/kg soil dry weight biologically significant pathological symptoms of the adult earthworms occurred. The earthworm biomass increased in the control and at 62.5 and 125 mg test item/kg soil dry weight over 28 days without any statistically significant differences. At 250, 500 and 1000 mg test item/kg soil dry weight the biomass increase was statistically significantly reduced compared to the control.
After further four weeks the reproduction rate (average number of juveniles) was 280 in the control and ranged between 31 and 255 at the test item concentrations. Compared to the control, the reproduction rate was statistically significantly reduced at 250, 500 and 1000 mg test item/kg soil dry weight .The EC50 for reproduction was determined to be at 428 mg/kg soil dry weight.
Overall, the NOEC of the test item concerning mortality, biomass and reproduction of earthworms was determined to be at 125 mg test item/kg soil dry weight.
All validity criteria recommended by the test guidelines were fulfilled.
Summary of All Observed Effects in the Tested Doses
Effects
Red Phosphorus, untreated
[mg test item/kg soil dry weight]
62.5
125
250
500
1000
Mortality of adult earthworms
No
No
No
No
No
Reduction of body weight
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Reduced reproduction rate
(Number of juveniles)
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Summary of all effects
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
NOEC and LOEC for Reproduction, Mortality and Body Weight
Red Phosphorus, untreated
Test item concentration
[mg test item/kg soil dry weight]
NOECreproduction, body weight
125
LOECreproduction, body weight
250
NOEC mortality
1000
LOEC mortality
> 1000
EC50 of reproduction
(95 % Confidence Interval)
428
(342 - 551)
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