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EC number: 273-761-1 | CAS number: 69012-64-2 Amorphous silicon dioxide particles from the volatilization and vaporization of furnace feed materials in the manufacture of ferrosilicon and silicon.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Basic toxicokinetics
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- basic toxicokinetics in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- The study has some limitations related to the documentation of the study results (it has been published only as a conference proceeding). However, the methods used have been described in detail in the reports by Glømme (1965) and Glømme (1966-1967). Therefore, the study can be regarded reliable.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- other: proceedings
- Title:
- Tissue reaction to different types of amorphous silica.
- Author:
- Swensson, Å.
- Year:
- 1 967
- Bibliographic source:
- In: Davies, C.N., ed. Inhaled particles and vapours II. (Proceedings of an International Symposium Organized by the British Occupational Hygiene Society, Cambridge, 28 September - 1 October 1965.) Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 95-102.
Materials and methods
- Objective of study:
- other: lung clearance
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Single intratracheal injections of different forms of silica (silica pume, pyrogenic silica, quartz, quartz-glass and kieselguhr=diatomite) suspended in 1 ml of physiological saline was given to female rats. Animals were killed 1, 2, 4 and 8 months after injection. Silica content of the lungs and lymph nodes were measured.
- GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Fumes, silica
- EC Number:
- 273-761-1
- EC Name:
- Fumes, silica
- Cas Number:
- 69012-64-2
- Molecular formula:
- SiO2
- IUPAC Name:
- silanedione
- Details on test material:
- - Amorphous silicon dioxide from the smoke of a ferrosilicon smelting furnace: silica fume with silica content 85%, crystalline components less than 1%, round particles, mean primary particle diameter 0.05 μm
- Crystalline silica: contains 98.3% quartz, angular and irregular particles, particle mean size 1.2 μm
- Pyrogenic silica: produced by combustion of silicon-halogen in an atmosphere of hydrogen gas, no crystalline, spherical particles, mean diameter 0.10 μm
- Quartz-glass: produced by smelting rock crystals, silica content 85%, no crystalline, angular, mean size 0.3 μm
- Kieselguhr: purified from organic matter by treatment with bichromate-sulphuric acid, silica content 81%, no crystalline, ground, most particles <5 μm
- Kieselguhr that has been heated to 800oC for 24 hr: silica content 86%, no crystalline
Constituent 1
- Radiolabelling:
- no
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- not specified
- Sex:
- female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS:
- Weight at study initiation: 200 g
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- intratracheal
- Vehicle:
- physiological saline
- Details on exposure:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 1 ml
- concentration (if solution): 40 mg/ml - Duration and frequency of treatment / exposure:
- once
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
40 mg of different forms of silica suspended in 1 ml of physiological saline
- No. of animals per sex per dose / concentration:
- 10-20 rats, half of them (5-10) was used for the analysis of silica content
- Control animals:
- yes, concurrent no treatment
- Positive control reference chemical:
- yes, quartz
- Details on dosing and sampling:
- - Tissues and body fluids sampled: lungs andassociated lymph nodes
- Time and frequency of sampling: 1, 2, 4 or 8 months after the instillation
- Silica content was measured by a modified King and Stachey method. - Statistics:
- no data
Results and discussion
Toxicokinetic / pharmacokinetic studies
- Details on distribution in tissues:
- More than 50% of the amount of quartz injected was found in the lungs of the animals after observation period of 8 months. In the animals that received pyrogenic silica, quartz-glass and silica fume not more than 20-30% of the amount administered was found. Among these three, the highest percentage (30%) of retention was found in the animals that received silica fume. The transport of silica to, and its retention in, the hilar lymph glands was the highest following the administration of quartz: about 4.5 mg remained in the hilar lymph glands after 8 months. For pyrogenic silica, quartz-glass and silica fume, retention in the lymph glands was between 2.5-3 mg.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results (migrated information): other: there is similarities in the lung clearance between pyrogenic silica and silica fume
Lung clearance of amorphous silica differs from that of quartz. Lung clearance of silica fume resembles that of pyrogenic silica and quartz-glass. - Executive summary:
Swensson (1967) gavesingle intratracheal injections of 40 mg of different forms of silica suspended in 1 ml of physiological saline in female rats. The particles studied were: amorphous silicon dioxide from the smoke of a ferrosilicon smelting furnace (=silica fume with silica content 85%, crystalline components less than 1%, round particles, mean primary particle diameter 0.05 μm) as well as crystalline silica (contains 98.3% quartz, angular and irregular particles, particle mean size 1.2 μm), pyrogenic silica (produced by combustion of silicon-halogen in an atmosphere of hydrogen gas, no crystalline, spherical particles, mean diameter 0.10 μm), quartz-glass (produced by smelting rock crystals, silica content 85%, no crystalline, angular, mean size 0.3 μm), Kieselguhr (purified from organic matter by treatment with bichromate-sulphuric acid, silica content 81%, no crystalline, ground, most particles <5 μm) and Kieselguhr that has been heated to 800oC for 24 hr (silica content 86%, no crystalline). Animals were killed 1, 2, 4 and 8 months after injection. More than 50% of the amount of quartz injected was found in the lungs of the animals after observation period of 8 months. In the animals that received pyrogenic silica, quartz-glass and silica fume not more than 20-30% of the amount administered was found. Among these three, the highest percentage (30%) of retention was found in the animals that received silica fume. The transport of silica to, and its retention in, the hilar lymph glands was the highest following the administration of quartz: about 4.5 mg remained in the hilar lymph glands after 8 months. For pyrogenic silica, quartz-glass and silica fume, retention in the lymph glands was between 2.5-3 mg. The methods used have been described in detail in the reports by Glømme (1965) and Glømme (1966-1967).
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