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EC number: 500-300-6 | CAS number: 111411-00-8
Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 22 August 2017 to 11 September 2017
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 018
- Report date:
- 2018
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
- Version / remarks:
- 21 July 1997
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method B.13/14 (Mutagenicity - Reverse Mutation Test Using Bacteria)
- Version / remarks:
- 30 May 2008
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 3-aminomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexylamine
- EC Number:
- 220-666-8
- EC Name:
- 3-aminomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexylamine
- Cas Number:
- 2855-13-2
- Molecular formula:
- C10H22N2
- IUPAC Name:
- 3-(aminomethyl)-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexanamine
- Reference substance name:
- 4-tert-butylphenol
- EC Number:
- 202-679-0
- EC Name:
- 4-tert-butylphenol
- Cas Number:
- 98-54-4
- Molecular formula:
- C10H14O
- IUPAC Name:
- 4-tert-butylphenol
- Reference substance name:
- 2-(((5-amino-1,3,3-trimethylcyclohexyl)methylamino)methyl)-4-tert-butylphenol
- Molecular formula:
- C21H36N2O
- IUPAC Name:
- 2-(((5-amino-1,3,3-trimethylcyclohexyl)methylamino)methyl)-4-tert-butylphenol
- Test material form:
- liquid: viscous
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
Constituent 3
Method
- Target gene:
- his
Species / strain
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100 and E. coli WP2
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- rat liver S9
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- plate incorporation assay: 1.5, 5, 15, 50, 150, 500, 1500 and 5000 µg/plate
pre-incubation assay:
All bacterial strains (without S9) and Salmonella strains TA100 and TA1537 (with S9): 0.15, 0.5, 1.5, 5, 15, 50, 150, 500 µg/plate.
Salmonella strains TA98 and TA1535 and Escherichia coli strain WP2uvrA (with S9): 0.5, 1.5, 5, 15, 50, 150, 500, 1500 µg/plate.
- Vehicle / solvent:
- DMSO
Controls
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- DMSO
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- no
- Positive control substance:
- 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide
- 9-aminoacridine
- N-ethyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine
- benzo(a)pyrene
- other: 2-Aminoanthracene
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- METHOD OF APPLICATION: experiment 1: in agar (plate incorporation); experiment 2: preincubation
DURATION
- Preincubation period: 20 min
- Exposure duration: 48 h
NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: 3
DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method: bacterial background lawn
- Evaluation criteria:
- There are several criteria for determining a positive result. Any, one, or all of the following can be used to determine the overall result of the study:
1. A dose-related increase in mutant frequency over the dose range tested (De Serres and Shelby, 1979).
2. A reproducible increase at one or more concentrations.
3. Biological relevance against in-house historical control ranges.
4. Statistical analysis of data as determined by UKEMS (Mahon et al., 1989).
5. Fold increase greater than two times, or three times in the case of strains TA1535 and TA1537 which have relatively low spontaneous reversion rates, the concurrent solvent control for any tester strain, especially if accompanied by an out-of-historical range response (Cariello and Piegorsch, 1996).
A test item will be considered non-mutagenic (negative) in the test system if the above criteria are not met.
Although most experiments will give clear positive or negative results, in some instances the data generated will prohibit making a definite judgment about test item activity. Results of this type will be reported as equivocal. - Statistics:
- Statistical significance was confirmed by using Dunnetts Regression Analysis (* = p < 0.05) for those values that indicate statistically significant increases in the frequency of revertant colonies compared to the concurrent solvent control. Values that the program concluded as statistically significant but were within the in-house historical profile were not reported.
Results and discussion
Test resultsopen allclose all
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1537
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 98
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 100
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Species / strain:
- E. coli WP2 uvr A
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
Any other information on results incl. tables
Experiment 1 – Without Metabolic Activation
S9-Mix (-) |
Dose Level Per Plate |
Number of revertants (mean) +/- SD |
|||||||||
Base-pair substitution strains |
Frameshift strains |
||||||||||
TA100 |
TA1535 |
WP2uvrA |
TA98 |
TA1537 |
|||||||
Solvent Control (DMSO) |
94 89 95 |
(93) 3.2 |
24 31 32 |
(29) 4.4 |
29 29 25 |
(28) 2.3 |
26 19 22 |
(22) 3.5 |
10 14 18 |
(14) 4.0 |
|
1.5 µg |
98 93 95 |
(95) 2.5 |
31 22 28 |
(27) 4.6 |
18 24 29 |
(24) 5.5 |
26 14 22 |
(21) 6.1 |
9 10 8 |
(9) 1.0 |
|
5 µg |
106 102 107 |
(105) 2.6 |
21 23 25 |
(23) 2.0 |
25 31 27 |
(28) 3.1 |
18 19 20 |
(19) 1.0 |
9 10 5 |
(8) 2.6 |
|
15 µg |
99 90 93 |
(94) 4.6 |
30 28 30 |
(29) 1.2 |
18 29 38 |
(28) 10.0 |
25 18 24 |
(22) 3.8 |
11 14 9 |
(11) 2.5 |
|
50 µg |
98 95 92 |
(95) 3.0 |
19 24 26 |
(23) 3.6 |
25 21 13 |
(20) 6.1 |
12 14 21 |
(16) 4.7 |
10 11 7 |
(9) 2.1 |
|
150 µg |
76 S 67 S 63 S |
(69) 6.7 |
8 S 13 S 13 S |
(11) 2.9 |
18 19 27 |
(21) 4.9 |
13 17 20 |
(17) 3.5 |
8 S 7 S 1 S |
(5) 3.8 |
|
500 µg |
0 T 0 T 0 T |
(0) 0.0 |
0 T 0 T 0 T |
(0) 0.0 |
0 V 0 V 0 V |
(0) 0.0 |
0 V 0 V 0 V |
(0) 0.0 |
0 T 0 T 0 T |
(0) 0.0 |
|
1500 µg |
0 T 0 T 0 T |
(0) 0.0 |
0 T 0 T 0 T |
(0) 0.0 |
0 T 0 T 0 T |
(0) 0.0 |
0 T 0 T 0 T |
(0) 0.0 |
0 T 0 T 0 T |
(0) 0.0 |
|
5000 µg |
0 T 0 T 0 T |
(0) 0.0 |
0 T 0 T 0 T |
(0) 0.0 |
0 T 0 T 0 T |
(0) 0.0 |
0 T 0 T 0 T |
(0) 0.0 |
0 T 0 T 0 T |
(0) 0.0 |
|
Positive controls S9-Mix (-) |
Name Dose Level No. of Revertants |
ENNG |
ENNG |
ENNG |
4NQO |
9AA |
|||||
3 µg |
5 µg |
2 µg |
0.2 µg |
80 µg |
|||||||
833 833 783 |
(816) 28.9 |
691 655 812 |
(719) 82.2 |
885 945 769 |
(866) 89.5 |
205 216 198 |
(206) 9.1 |
377 323 366 |
(355) 28.5 |
||
S Sparse bacterial background lawn
T Toxic, no bacterial background lawn
V Very weak bacterial background lawn
Experiment 1 – With Metabolic Activation
S9-Mix (+) |
Dose Level Per Plate |
Number of revertants (mean) +/- SD |
|||||||||
Base-pair substitution strains |
Frameshift strains |
||||||||||
TA100 |
TA1535 |
WP2uvrA |
TA98 |
TA1537 |
|||||||
Solvent Control (DMSO) |
66 84 96 |
(82) 15.1 |
28 19 26 |
(24) 4.7 |
37 32 38 |
(36) 3.2 |
24 20 30 |
(25) 5.0 |
13 7 12 |
(11) 3.2 |
|
1.5 µg |
85 67 79 |
(77) 9.2 |
20 25 25 |
(23) 2.9 |
40 29 27 |
(32) 7.0 |
23 25 18 |
(22) 3.6 |
6 8 14 |
(9) 4.2 |
|
5 µg |
78 95 83 |
(85) 8.7 |
33 24 29 |
(29) 4.5 |
29 26 38 |
(31) 6.2 |
24 27 29 |
(27) 2.5 |
14 18 5 |
(12) 6.7 |
|
15 µg |
91 89 96 |
(92) 3.6 |
25 27 32 |
(28) 3.6 |
33 41 33 |
(36) 4.6 |
33 27 22 |
(27) 5.5 |
9 6 13 |
(9) 3.5 |
|
50 µg |
93 92 109 |
(98) 9.5 |
27 25 32 |
(28) 3.6 |
34 26 26 |
(29) 4.6 |
33 21 23 |
(26) 6.4 |
15 10 16 |
(14) 3.2 |
|
150 µg |
94 89 100 |
(94) 5.5 |
17 28 30 |
(25) 7.0 |
20 31 25 |
(25) 5.5 |
22 30 19 |
(24) 5.7 |
14 22 8 |
(15) 7.0 |
|
500 µg |
0 V 0 V 0 V |
(0) 0.0 |
6 S 12 S 2 S |
(7) 5.0 |
24 24 21 |
(23) 1.7 |
11 4 6 |
(7) 3.6 |
0 V 0 V 0 V |
(0) 0.0 |
|
1500 µg |
0 T 0 T 0 T |
(0) 0.0 |
0 T 0 T 0 T |
(0) 0.0 |
0 T 0 T 0 T |
(0) 0.0 |
0 T 0 T 0 T |
(0) 0.0 |
0 T 0 T 0 T |
(0) 0.0 |
|
5000 µg |
0 T 0 T 0 T |
(0) 0.0 |
0 T 0 T 0 T |
(0) 0.0 |
0 T 0 T 0 T |
(0) 0.0 |
0 T 0 T 0 T |
(0) 0.0 |
0 T 0 T 0 T |
(0) 0.0 |
|
Positive controls S9-Mix (+) |
Name Dose Level No. of Revertants |
2AA |
2AA |
2AA |
BP |
2AA |
|||||
1 µg |
2 µg |
10 µg |
5 µg |
2 µg |
|||||||
1619 1391 1416 |
(1475) 125.0 |
231 251 306 |
(263) 38.8 |
213 241 239 |
(231) 15.6 |
185 201 184 |
(190) 9.5 |
556 443 373 |
(457) 92.3 |
||
Experiment 2 – Without Metabolic Activation
S9-Mix (-) |
Dose Level Per Plate |
Number of revertants (mean) +/- SD |
|||||||||
Base-pair substitution strains |
Frameshift strains |
||||||||||
TA100 |
TA1535 |
WP2uvrA |
TA98 |
TA1537 |
|||||||
Solvent Control (DMSO) |
97 97 107 |
(100) 5.8 |
22 29 16 |
(22) 6.5 |
18 11 14 |
(14) 3.5 |
37 27 35 |
(33) 5.3 |
12 14 13 |
(13) 1.0 |
|
0.15 µg |
85 77 81 |
(81) 4.0 |
32 16 25 |
(24) 8.0 |
23 5 23 |
(17) 10.4 |
37 25 29 |
(30) 6.1 |
14 7 12 |
(11) 3.6 |
|
0.5 µg |
98 83 79 |
(87) 10.0 |
18 18 11 |
(16) 4.0 |
27 16 28 |
(24) 6.7 |
47 32 35 |
(38) 7.9 |
21 13 7 |
(14) 7.0 |
|
1.5 µg |
90 79 93 |
(87) 7.4 |
14 21 15 |
(17) 3.8 |
15 14 15 |
(15) 0.6 |
44 38 29 |
(37) 7.5 |
14 12 12 |
(13) 1.2 |
|
5 µg |
73 87 89 |
(83) 8.7 |
17 21 18 |
(19) 2.1 |
16 12 19 |
(16) 3.5 |
23 28 29 |
(27) 3.2 |
8 14 23 |
(15) 7.5 |
|
15 µg |
77 117 109 |
(101) 21.2 |
19 11 20 |
(17) 4.9 |
15 19 10 |
(15) 4.5 |
28 24 22 |
(25) 3.1 |
11 14 15 |
(13) 2.1 |
|
50 µg |
88 75 64 |
(76) 12.0 |
21 21 15 |
(19) 3.5 |
11 16 15 |
(14) 2.6 |
24 26 31 |
(27) 3.6 |
12 17 19 |
(16) 3.6 |
|
150 µg |
75 S 61 S 50 S |
(62) 12.5 |
11 S 9 S 7 S |
(9) 2.0 |
13 11 2 |
(9) 5.9 |
12 S 14 S 14 S |
(13) 1.2 |
11 S 5 S 1 S |
(6) 5.0 |
|
500 µg |
0 T 0 T 0 T |
(0) 0.0 |
0 T 0 T 0 T |
(0) 0.0 |
0 V 0 V 0 V |
(0) 0.0 |
0 V 0 V 0 V |
(0) 0.0 |
0 T 0 T 0 T |
(0) 0.0 |
|
Positive controls S9-Mix (-) |
Name Dose Level No. of Revertants |
ENNG |
ENNG |
ENNG |
4NQO |
9AA |
|||||
3 µg |
5 µg |
2 µg |
0.2 µg |
80 µg |
|||||||
845 697 922 |
(821) 114.4 |
673 694 655 |
(674) 19.5 |
539 432 506 |
(492) 54.8 |
312 333 334 |
(326) 12.4 |
233 214 262 |
(236) 24.2 |
||
Experiment 2 – With Metabolic Activation
S9-Mix (+) |
Dose Level Per Plate |
Number of revertants (mean) +/- SD |
|||||||||
Base-pair substitution strains |
Frameshift strains |
||||||||||
TA100 |
TA1535 |
WP2uvrA |
TA98 |
TA1537 |
|||||||
Solvent Control (DMSO) |
68 67 101 |
(79) 19.3 |
27 30 31 |
(29) 2.1 |
30 17 23 |
(23) 6.5 |
40 30 22 |
(31) 9.0 |
12 16 8 |
(12) 4.0 |
|
0.15 µg |
100 85 111 |
(99) 13.1 |
N/T |
N/T |
N/T |
11 10 15 |
(12) 2.6 |
||||
0.5 µg |
65 63 63 |
(64) 1.2 |
19 22 23 |
(21) 2.1 |
16 13 27 |
(19) 7.4 |
44 43 36 |
(41) 4.4 |
10 10 13 |
(11) 1.7 |
|
1.5 µg |
99 89 64 |
(84) 18.0 |
26 17 24 |
(22) 4.7 |
10 22 25 |
(19) 7.9 |
39 33 31 |
(34) 4.2 |
7 10 15 |
(11) 4.0 |
|
5 µg |
69 62 61 |
(64) 4.4 |
22 19 25 |
(22) 3.0 |
15 12 15 |
(14) 1.7 |
40 34 35 |
(36) 3.2 |
8 16 12 |
(12) 4.0 |
|
15 µg |
61 62 101 |
(75) 22.8 |
26 24 23 |
(24) 1.5 |
22 20 26 |
(23) 3.1 |
34 30 33 |
(32) 2.1 |
7 13 9 |
(10) 3.1 |
|
50 µg |
70 77 77 |
(75) 4.0 |
28 26 27 |
(27) 1.0 |
25 16 25 |
(22) 5.2 |
39 23 47 |
(36) 12.2 |
8 15 16 |
(13) 4.4 |
|
150 µg |
114 86 65 |
(88) 24.6 |
27 S 27 S 26 S |
(27) 0.6 |
17 24 27 |
(23) 5.1 |
34 25 35 |
(31) 5.5 |
13 S 14 S 9 S |
(12) 2.6 |
|
500 µg |
0 V 0 V 0 V |
(0) 0.0 |
0 V 0 V 0 V |
(0) 0.0 |
9 S 12 S 12 S |
(11) 1.7 |
17 S 9 S 7 S |
(11) 5.3 |
0 T 0 T 0 T |
(0) 0.0 |
|
1500 µg |
N/T |
0 T 0 T 0 T |
(0) 0.0 |
0 T 0 T 0 T |
(0) 0.0 |
0 T 0 T 0 T |
(0) 0.0 |
N/T |
|||
Positive controls S9-Mix (+) |
Name Dose Level No. of Revertants |
2AA |
2AA |
2AA |
BP |
2AA |
|||||
1 µg |
2 µg |
10 µg |
5 µg |
2 µg |
|||||||
1255 963 1232 |
(1150) 162.4 |
260 257 287 |
(268) 16.5 |
114 130 126 |
(123) 8.3 |
160 157 168 |
(162) 5.7 |
333 249 251 |
(278) 47.9 |
||
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Mannich base with IPDA-PTBP was considered to be non mutagenic under the conditions of this test.
- Executive summary:
In a reverse gene mutation assay in bacteria according to OECD guideline 471 (adopted 21 July 1997), Salmonella typhimurium strains TA1535, TA1537, TA98 and TA100 and Escherichia coli strain WP2 uvrA were treated with Mannich base with IPDA-PTBP using both the Ames plate incorporation and pre-incubation methods at eight dose levels, in triplicate, both with and without the addition of a rat liver homogenate metabolizing system (10% liver S9 in standard co-factors). The dose range for Experiment 1 was predetermined and was 1.5 to 5000 mg/plate. The experiment was repeated on a separate day (pre-incubation method) using fresh cultures of the bacterial strains and fresh test item formulations. The dose range was amended following the results of Experiment 1 and ranged between 0.15 and 1500 µg/plate, depending on bacterial strain type and presence or absence of S9-mix. Eight test item concentrations were selected in Experiment 2 in order to achieve both four non‑toxic dose levels and the toxic limit of the test item following the change in test methodology.
The vehicle (dimethyl sulphoxide) control plates gave counts of revertant colonies within the normal range. All of the positive control chemicals used in the test induced marked increases in the frequency of revertant colonies, both with or without metabolic activation. Thus, the sensitivity of the assay and the efficacy of the S9-mix were validated.
The maximum dose level of the test item in the first experiment was selected as the maximum recommended dose level of 5000 µg/plate. In the first mutation test (plate incorporation method), the test item caused a visible reduction in the growth of the bacterial background lawns of all of the tester strains, initially from 150 µg/plate in the absence of S9-mix and 500 µg/plate in the presence of S9-mix. The maximum dose of the test item employed in Experiment 2 was the toxic limit. The test item again induced a toxic response in the second mutation test after employing the pre-incubation method with weakened bacterial background lawns initially noted in both the absence and presence of S9-mix from 150 µg/plate. The sensitivity of the bacterial tester strains to the toxicity of the test item varied slightly between strain type, exposures with or without S9-mix and experimental methodology.
No test item precipitate was observed on the plates at any of the doses tested in either the presence or absence of S9-mix.
There were no significant increases in the frequency of revertant colonies recorded for any of the bacterial strains, with any dose of the test item, either with or without metabolic activation (S9-mix) in Experiment 1 (plate incorporation method). Similarly, no significant increases in the frequency of revertant colonies were recorded for any of the bacterial strains, with any dose of the test item, either with or without metabolic activation (S9-mix) in Experiment 2 (pre‑incubation method).
Mannich base with IPDA-PTBP was considered to be non mutagenic under the conditions of this test.
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