Hydrogen peroxide-urea

Flammability

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

flammable gases

Data waiving:

study technically not feasible

Justification for data waiving:

the study does not need to be conducted because the substance is a solid

Reference 2

Endpoint:

flammable solids

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

1987

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

data from handbook or collection of data

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

No methodological details are reported.

GLP compliance:

no

Key result

Test procedure:

burning time (test type not further specified)

Remarks on result:

substance does not ignite and propagate combustion either by burning with flame or smouldering along 200 mm of the powder train within the 2 minutes test period

Interpretation of results:

GHS criteria not met

Conclusions:

Urea is reported to be non-flammable in air.

Reference 3

Endpoint:

pyrophoric liquids

Data waiving:

study technically not feasible

Justification for data waiving:

the study does not need to be conducted because the substance is a solid

Reference 4

Endpoint:

pyrophoric solids

Data waiving:

study scientifically not necessary / other information available

Justification for data waiving:

the study does not need to be conducted because the substance is known to be stable in contact with air at room temperature for prolonged periods of time (days) and hence, the classification procedure does not need to be applied

Reference 5

Endpoint:

self-heating substances / mixtures

Data waiving:

study scientifically not necessary / other information available

Justification for data waiving:

the study does not need to be conducted because the substance is completely molten at 160°C

Reference 6

Endpoint:

substances / mixtures which in contact with water emit flammable gases

Data waiving:

study scientifically not necessary / other information available

Justification for data waiving:

the study does not need to be conducted because the experience in production or handling shows that the substance does not react with water, e.g. the substance is manufactured with water or washed with water

Reference 7

Endpoint:

flammable solids

Type of information:

read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

key study

Justification for type of information:

Please refer to section 13 for "Read-Across justification".

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Key result

Test procedure:

burning time (test type not further specified)

Remarks on result:

substance does not ignite and propagate combustion either by burning with flame or smouldering along 200 mm of the powder train within the 2 minutes test period

Description of key information

The substance has not to be classified as flammable gas, flammable liquid, flammable solid, flammable in contact with water, flammable aerosol, pyrophoric solid, pyrophoric liquid or self-heating substance.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Flammability:

not classified

Additional information

Flammable gases

The test item is a solid at ambient conditions. This hazard class is only applicable for gases. Thus, the substance was not considered for classification as flammable gas.

Flammable liquid

The test item is a solid at ambient conditions. This hazard class is only applicable for liquids. Thus, the substance was not considered for classification as flammable liquid.

Flammable solids

A read-across to one of the degradation products - urea, was used to address this endpoint. Urea is a solid substance and it was reported that it is not flammable. The other constituent is hydrogen peroxide, which is a liquid substance, therefore, it is not relevant for this endpoint. The other degradation product - H2O2, is a liquid and it is not classified as a flammable liquid. Based on the available information, the test item is considered as a not readily combustible solid of Division 4.1 and is no flammable solid.

Pyrophoric solids

In accordance with section 2.9.4 Annex I of Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 and ECHA guidance on the application of CLP Criteria section 2.10.4.2 the classification procedure for pyrophoric solids need not be applied when experience in manufacturing or handling shows that the substance or mixture does not ignite spontaneously when coming into contact with air at normal temperatures. Based on the experience in handling and use the substance is not known to ignite spontaneously when coming into contact with air at normal temperatures. Thus, no study was conducted and the substance was not considered for classification as pyrophoric solid.

Pyrophoric liquids

The test item is a solid at ambient conditions. This hazard class is only applicable for liquids. Thus, the substance was not considered for classification as pyrophoric liquid.

Substances which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases

In accordance with column 2 of REACH Annex VI and with Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 Annex I section 2.12.4.1 the classification procedure for this hazard class need not to be applied. Based on the experience in handling and use the substance does not react with water and in addition the test substance is not pyrophoric. Thus, no study was conducted and the substance was not considered for classification.

Self-heating substances and mixtures

In accordance with ECHA guidance on IR/CSA chapter R.7a section R7.1.10.7 Version 5 December 2016 and the study does not to be conducted if the the test item is solid with melting point under 160 °C. In the melting point study (refer to IUCLID Section 4.2), the onset temperature of the melting point of the test item was determined to be 72.5 C and at 80.8 °C the test item started to decompose. Thus, it was concluded that self-heating of the substance up to melting point can be excluded and the test UN N.4 for self-heating substance is not required.

Flammable Aerosols

Section 2.4.2 of Guidance on the application on the CLP Criteria state as follows:

“Aerosols, this means aerosol dispensers, are any non-refillable receptacles made of metal, glass or plastics and containing a gas compressed, liquefied or dissolved under pressure, with or without a liquid, paste or powder, and fitted with a release device allowing the contents to be ejected as solid or liquid particles in suspension in a gas, as a foam, paste or powder or in a liquid state or in a gaseous state." Thus, as the substance does not meet the definition for aerosol, the test for aerosols was waived. Consequently the substance has not to be considered for classification for this hazard class.

 

In conclusion the substance has not to be considered as flammable gas, flammable liquid, flammable solid, flammable in contact with water, flammable aerosol, pyrophoric solid, pyrophoric liquid or self-heating substance.

Justification for classification or non-classification

Classification, Labelling, and Packaging Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008

In accordance with Annex I Section 2.2, Section 2.3, Section 2.6, Section 2.7, Section 2.9, Section 2.10 Section 2.11, Section 2.12 of Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008, as amended for tenth time in Regulation (EC) No 2017/776, and UN GHS Rev 7 (2017) the test item has not to be classified as, flammable liquid, readily combustible solid in class 4 Division 4.1, self-heating substance in Class 4 Division 4.2, substances which in contact with water emit flammable gases in Class 4 Division 4.3, pyrophoric liquid, pyrophoric solid in class 4 Division 4.2, flammable gases in class 2 or as aerosol in class 2.