Phenethyl propionate

Short-term toxicity to fish

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Justification for type of information:

Data is from peer reviewed journal

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: refer below principle

Principles of method if other than guideline:

To determine the acute toxicity of Phenethyl Propionate to bluegill.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Specific details on test material used for the study:

- Name of test material (IUPAC name): 2-phenylethyl propanoate
- Common name: Phenethyl propionate (PEP)
- Molecular formula: C11H14O2
- Molecular weight: 178.2296 g/mol
- Smiles notation: c1(CCOC(=O)CC)ccccc1
- InChl: 1S/C11H14O2/c1-2-11(12)13-9-8-10-6-4-3-5-7-10/h3-7H,2,8-9H2,1H3
- Substance type: Organic
- Physical state: Liquid
Purity: >98%

Analytical monitoring:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Samples prepared in the concentration range: 10 - 32 mg/l

Vehicle:

yes

Test organisms (species):

Lepomis macrochirus

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
Common name: Bluegill
Length at study initiation (length definition, mean, range and SD): fingerling size , average length 37-75mm
ACCLIMATION
Acclimation period:24 hours

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Test temperature:

18°C

Nominal and measured concentrations:

nominal

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
Test vessel: Bioassay vessels were lined with polyethene bags
No. of organisms per vessel: 10

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
Source/preparation of dilution water: Reconstituted Water- 12.5 liter reconstituted water (30 mg CaSO4,. 30 mg MgSO4, 48 mg NaHCO3, and 2 mg KCl added per liter of deionized water)
Dissolved Oxygen: 4mg/l
Range finding study: Five concentrations of the main test were selected on the basis of preliminary screening tests to determine the approximate ranges of toxicity.

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

12 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Details on results:

Other biological observations:
With higher doses of PEP : eugenol, bluegills became quiescent and flaccid, swimming or lying on their sides, with slow respiration.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Conclusions:

The LC50 for Lepomis macrochirus (Bluegill) was found to be 12 mg/l after 96 hours of exposure to test chemical 2-phenylethyl propanoate.

Executive summary:

2-phenylethyl propanoate is a popular insect attractant. It was evaluated for toxicity to fish in static fish toxicity assay.

For tests of toxicity to fish, bioassay vessels were lined with disposable polyethylene bags and filled with 12.5 liter reconstituted water (30 mg CaSO4, 30 mg MgSO4, 48 mg NaHCO3,and 2 mg KCl added per liter of deionized water). Ten fish were placed in each vessel and allowed 24 hr to become acclimated. Calculated amounts of each test material, as 1 or 10% (w/v) solutions in acetone, were then added to the bioassay vessels. Each material was tested at five concentrations, selected on the basis of preliminary screening tests to determine the approximate ranges of toxicity. Control groups of fish in untreated water and in water to which acetone only was added were observed concurrently. The fish were observed for 96 hr and all deaths and/or untoward behavioral reactions were recorded. The concentration of dissolved oxygen was measured in all solutions in which deaths occurred to be sure the test water contained sufficient oxygen; dissolved oxygen concentrations above 4 mg/liter (.4 ppm for the warm-water fish (bluegills) considered adequate.

The median lethal concentrations (LC50) of the test materials were calculated whenever the data permitted (Litchfield and Wilcoxon. 1949).To check on suitability as test subjects. Fish from each lot were challenged, under the same experimental conditions, with a reference pesticide (toxaphene, at 0.010, 0.018, and 0.056 ppm). The observed 96-hr LC50 was usually around 0.02 ppm; with one lot of bluegills there were no deaths at 0.018 ppm and no survivors at 0.056 ppm.

With higher doses of 2-phenylethyl propanoate to bluegills became quiescent and flaccid, swimming or lying on their sides, with slow respiration.

From experimental result the LC50 for Lepomis macrochirus (Bluegill) was observed to be 12mg/l after 96 hours of exposure to 2-phenylethyl propanoate.This LC50 value indicate that the test chemical 2-phenylethyl propanoate (Cas no.122 -70 -3) was toxic to fish since chemical is readily biodegradable in water compartment it is considered that the test chemical 2-phenylethyl propanoate not seems to be hazardous to fish for acute period of exposure.

Description of key information

2-phenylethyl propanoate is a popular insect attractant. It was evaluated for toxicity to fish in static fish toxicity assay.

For tests of toxicity to fish, bioassay vessels were lined with disposable polyethylene bags and filled with 12.5 liter reconstituted water (30 mg CaSO4, 30 mg MgSO4, 48 mg NaHCO3,and 2 mg KCl added per liter of deionized water). Ten fish were placed in each vessel and allowed 24 hr to become acclimated. Calculated amounts of each test material, as 1 or 10% (w/v) solutions in acetone, were then added to the bioassay vessels. Each material was tested at five concentrations, selected on the basis of preliminary screening tests to determine the approximate ranges of toxicity. Control groups of fish in untreated water and in water to which acetone only was added were observed concurrently. The fish were observed for 96 hr and all deaths and/or untoward behavioral reactions were recorded. The concentration of dissolved oxygen was measured in all solutions in which deaths occurred to be sure the test water contained sufficient oxygen; dissolved oxygen concentrations above 4 mg/liter (.4 ppm for the warm-water fish (bluegills) considered adequate.

The median lethal concentrations (LC50) of the test materials were calculated whenever the data permitted (Litchfield and Wilcoxon. 1949).To check on suitability as test subjects. Fish from each lot were challenged, under the same experimental conditions, with a reference pesticide (toxaphene, at 0.010, 0.018, and 0.056 ppm). The observed 96-hr LC50 was usually around 0.02 ppm; with one lot of bluegills there were no deaths at 0.018 ppm and no survivors at 0.056 ppm.

With higher doses of 2-phenylethyl propanoate to bluegills became quiescent and flaccid, swimming or lying on their sides, with slow respiration.

From experimental result the LC50 for Lepomis macrochirus (Bluegill) was observed to be 12 mg/l after 96 hours of exposure to 2-phenylethyl propanoate.This LC50 value indicate that the test chemical 2-phenylethyl propanoate (Cas no.122 -70 -3) was toxic to fish since chemical is readily biodegradable in water compartment it is considered that the test chemical 2-phenylethyl propanoate is likely to be non-hazardous to fish for acute period of exposure.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water fish

Fresh water fish

Effect concentration:

12 mg/L

Additional information

Three studies from experimental study from peer reviewed journal and predicted data from validated model for short term fish toxicity endpoint for test chemical 2-phenylethyl propanoate (Cas no. 122-70-3) were reviewed as follows:

First study from peer reviewed journal TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY 31,421-429 (1975) for target indicate For tests of toxicity to fish, bioassay vessels were lined with disposable polyethylene bags and filled with 12.5 liter reconstituted water (30 mg CaSO4, 30 mg MgSO4, 48 mg NaHCO3,and 2 mg KCl added per liter of deionized water). Ten fish were placed in each vessel and allowed 24 hr to become acclimated. Calculated amounts of each test material, as 1 or 10% (w/v) solutions in acetone, were then added to the bioassay vessels. Each material was tested at five concentrations, selected on the basis of preliminary screening tests to determine the approximate ranges of toxicity. Control groups of fish in untreated water and in water to which acetone only was added were observed concurrently. The fish were observed for 96 hr and all deaths and/or untoward behavioral reactions were recorded. The concentration of dissolved oxygen was measured in all solutions in which deaths occurred to be sure the test water contained sufficient oxygen; dissolved oxygen concentrations above 4 mg/liter (.4 ppm for the warm-water fish (bluegills) considered adequate. The median lethal concentrations (LC50) of the test materials were calculated whenever the data permitted (Litchfield and Wilcoxon. 1949).To check on suitability as test subjects. Fish from each lot were challenged, under the same experimental conditions, with a reference pesticide (toxaphene, at 0.010, 0.018, and 0.056 ppm). The observed 96-hr LC50 was usually around 0.02 ppm; with one lot of bluegills there were no deaths at 0.018 ppm and no survivors at 0.056 ppm. With higher doses of 2-phenylethyl propanoate to bluegills became quiescent and flaccid, swimming or lying on their sides, with slow respiration. From experimental result the LC50 for Lepomis macrochirus (Bluegill) was observed to be 12mg/l after 96 hours of exposure to 2-phenylethyl propanoate.

From the same journal i.e TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY 31,421-429 (1975) with identical study design for target, the LC50 for Rainbow trout was observed to be >10 - <13 mg/l after 96 hours of exposure to 2-phenylethyl propanoate.

Above both experimental results assist by prediction done using the EPI Suite ECOSAR version 1.10 the 96 hours the lethal concentration LC50 was estimated to be 16.249 mg/l on Fish for target chemical 2-phenylethyl propanoate (Cas no. 122-70-3) on the basis of mortality effects.

All studies for target indicate that the chemical is likely to be toxic to fish with lethal concentration range >10 - 16.249 mg/l but chemical is readily biodegradable in water compartment therefore considered that the test chemical 2-phenylethyl propanoate is likely to be non-hazardous to fish for acute period of exposure as per the CLP criteria of classification.