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EC number: 270-109-8 | CAS number: 68411-20-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Genetic toxicity in vitro
Description of key information
Butanal, reaction products with aniline was investigated in a Salmonella/microsome tests (Ames tests). Result: negative, no evidence of mutagenic activity of butanal, reaction products with aniline was seen (with and without mutagenic activation). Additional, butanal, reaction products with aniline was evaluated as negative in an in-vitro MNT and also in a V79/HGPRT test.
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: scientifically acceptable and well documented
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The condensation product of acroleins with aromatic bases was examined for mutagenic activity in four histidine-dependent auxotrophs of Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 98, TA 100, TA 1535 and TA 1537, using pour-plate assays. The procedures used complied with the OECD Guidelines for testing of chemicals (1983) and the EPA Toxic Substances Control Act Test Guidelines (1985). Each test, in each strain, was conducted twice.
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
- Target gene:
- no data
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100
- Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):
- Cultures of the histidine-dependent strains of Salmonella typhimurium were derived from cultures provided by Prof. Bruce Ames, University of California. The characteristics of the indiVidual strains are as follows:
TA 1535 - contains a histidine missense mutation but is also deficient in a DNA repair system (uvr B) and has a defective lipopolysaccharide coat on the cell wall. It is reverted by many agents causing base-pair substitutions, but is not sensitive to frameshift mutagens.
TA 100 - is the same as TA 1535 but contains a resistance transfer factor conferring ampicillin resistance and increasing sensitivity to some mutagens (plasmid pKM 101). In addition to base-pair substitutions, it is also able to detect certain frameshift mutagens.
TA 1537 - bears a histidine frameshift mutation. Like TA 1535, it is defective in a DNA repair system and lipopolysaccharide coat. It is sensitive to agents causing frameshift mutations involving insertion or deletion of a single base-pair.
TA 98 - contains another histidine frameshift mutation. Again it has a defective DNA repair system and lipopolysaccharide coat but also contains the pKM 101 plasmid. It is reverted by agents causing deletion of two adjacent base-pairs (double frameshift mutations), but not by simple alkylating agents causing base-pair substitutions. - Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- S-9 mix
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- Test 1: 50, 158, 500, 1580, 5000 µg/plate
Test 2: 50, 158, 500, 1580, 5000 µg/plate - Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- not specified
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- 9-aminoacridine
- 2-nitrofluorene
- sodium azide
- benzo(a)pyrene
- other: 2-aminoanthracene
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results: negative
- Executive summary:
The condensation product of acroleins with aromatic bases was examined for mutagenic activity in four histidine-dependent auxotrophs of Salmonella typhimurium, strains TA 98, TA 100, TA 1535 and TA 1537, using pour-plate assays. The procedures used complied with the OECD Guidelines for testing of chemicals (1983) and the EPA Toxic Substances Control Act Test Guidelines (1985).
Each test, in each strain, was conducted on two separate occasions.
The studies, which were conducted in the absence and presence of an activating system derived from rat liver (S-9 mix), employed a range of levels of the test material from 50 to 5000 ug per plate, selected following a preliminary toxicity test in strain TA 98.
All tests included solvent (dimethyl sulphoxide) controls with and without S-9 mix.
No increases in reversion to prototrophy were obtained with any of the four bacterial strains at the test material levels tested, either in the presence or absence of S-9 mix.
Marked increases in the number of revertant colonies were induced by the known mutagens benzo[a]pyrene, 2-nitrofluorene, 2-aminoanthracene, 9-aminoacridine and sodium azide when examined under similar conditions.
It was concluded that the condensation product of acroleins with aromatic bases was devoid of mutagenic activity under the conditions of the test.
- Endpoint:
- in vitro cytogenicity / micronucleus study
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: chromosome aberration
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: OECD Guideline for the testing of chemicals 487 In vitro mammalian cell micronucleus test OECD (2010)
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Butanal, reaction products with aniline was examined for mutagenic activity in the micronucleus test in vitro. Two independent assays were performed, the first assay conducted with a treatment time of 4 hours (pulse treatment), consisting of one experiment in the absence and one experiment in the presence of an extrinsic metabolizing system (S9 mix). In the second assay, an experiment without S9 mix was performed with treatment time extended to 24 hours (continuous treatment).
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Type of assay:
- in vitro mammalian cell micronucleus test
- Target gene:
- no data
- Species / strain / cell type:
- Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (V79)
- Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- other: The cells have a stable karyotype with a modal chromosome number of 22
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- S9 mix
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- Exp: 1: 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 µg/ml (without S9) 4h treatment
Exp: 1: 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 µg/ml (with S9) 4 h treatment
Exp: 2: 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 µg/ml (without S9) 24 h treatment - Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- not specified
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- cyclophosphamide
- mitomycin C
- other: vinblastine
- Species / strain:
- Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (V79)
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- other: Without S9 mix, limiting cytotoxicity was reached at a concentration of 40 µg/mL (4 hours treatment) or 20 µg/mL (24 hours treatment). With S9 mix (4 hours treatment), limiting cytotoxicity was observed at a concentration of 60 µg/mL
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results: negative
- Executive summary:
Butanal, reaction products with aniline was examined for mutagenic activity in the micronucleus test in vitro. In this study, two independent assays were performed, the first assay conducted with a treatment time of 4 hours (pulse treatment), consisting of one experiment in the absence and one experiment in the presence of an extrinsic metabolizing system (S9 mix). In the second assay, an experiment without S9 mix was performed with treatment time extended to 24 hours (continuous treatment).
As a rule the highest concentration tested should either be cytotoxic or correspond to the solubility limit of the test item (microscopically visible precipitates). Solid test items showing neither cytotoxicity nor precipitation should be tested up to 10E-2 mol/L or 5 mg/mL (OECD guideline 487).
The negative control (dimethyl sulfoxide) and appropriate positive controls with known mutagens (mitomycin C, vinblastine sulfate, cyclophosphamide) demonstrated the suitability and sensitivity of the test system.
In both assays precipitates of the test item could not be observed.
In the experiments without S9 mix, limiting cytotoxicity was reached at a concentration of 40 µg/mL (4 hours treatment) or 20 µg/mL (24 hours treatment). In the experiment with S9 mix (4 hours treatment), limiting cytotoxicity was observed at a concentration of 60 µg/mL.
The micronucleus was negative in V79 cells treated with Butanal, reaction products with aniline in the absence (4 hours or 24 hours treatment) or in the presence of S9 mix.
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in mammalian cells
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 476 (In Vitro Mammalian Cell Gene Mutation Test)
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The study was performed to investigate the potential of Butanal, reaction products with aniline to induce gene mutations at the HPRT locus in V79 cells of the Chinese hamster. The treatment time was 4 h in the first and second experiment with and without metabolic activation.
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Type of assay:
- mammalian cell gene mutation assay
- Target gene:
- HPRT locus
- Species / strain / cell type:
- Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (V79)
- Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- other: the cells have a stable karyothype with a modal chromosome number of 22
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- S9 mix
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- exposure S9 concentrations in µg/mL
period mix
Experiment I
4 hours - 0.6 1.3 2.5 5.0 10.0 p 15.0 p 20.0 p
4 hours + 5.0 10.0 20.0 40.0 80.0 p 120.0 p 160.0 p
Experiment II
4 hours - 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 8.0 10.0
4 hours + 6.0 12.0 24.0 36.0 48.0 60.0 72.0 p
p = precipitation - Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- not specified
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene
- ethylmethanesulphonate
- Species / strain:
- Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (V79)
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- other: First experiment: 5.0 µg/mL without metabolic activation and at 80.0 µg/mL with metabolic activation. Second experiment: 4.0 µg/mL without metabolic activation and at 60.0 µg/mL with metabolic activation
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results: negative
- Executive summary:
The study was performed to investigate the potential of Butanal, reaction products with aniline to induce gene mutations at the HPRT locus in V79 cells of the Chinese hamster.
The treatment time was 4 h in the first and second experiment with and without metabolic activation.
The maximum concentration of the pre-experiment (2800 µg/mL) was equal to a molar concentration of approximately 10 mM. The concentration range of the main experiments was limited by the cytotoxicity of the test item.
No substantial and/or reproducible dose dependent increase of the mutation frequency was observed in both main experiments.
Appropriate reference mutagens, used as positive controls, induced a distinct increase in mutant colonies and thus, showed the sensitivity of the test system and the activity of the metabolic activation system.
In conclusion it can be stated that under the experimental conditions reported the test item did not induce gene mutations at the HPRT locus in V79 cells.
Therefore, Butanal, reaction products with aniline was negative in this HPRT assay.
Referenceopen allclose all
The studies, which were conducted in the absence and presence of an activating system derived from rat liver (S-9 mix), employed a
range of levels of the test material from 50 to 5000 ug per plate, selected following a preliminary toxicity test in strain TA 98.
All tests included solvent (dimethyl sulphoxide) controls with and without S-9 mix.
No increases in reversion to prototrophy were obtained with any of the four bacterial strains at the test material levels tested, either in the presence or absence of S-9 mix.
The results of the solvent control confirmed the spontaneous micronucleus frequency which is characteristic for V79 cells.
Appropriate positive control items (mitomycin C, vinblastine sulfate, cyclophospha-mide) showed the expected increase in micronucleus frequencies which demon-strates the ability and the sensitivity of the test system to detect cytogenetic damage.
No precipitates could be observed up to the highest concentration used (100 µg/mL).
In the first experiment without S9 mix (pulse treatment), 80 % cytotoxicity (100 % – RICC) was observed at a concentration of 40 µg/ml. At this concentration, cytotoxicity evident from a 64 % decrease of the PI was observed. In the second experiment without S9 mix (continuous treatment), 41 % cytotoxicity (100 % – RICC) was noted starting at 20 μg/mL. A 27 % decrease of the PI was observed at this concentration. Higher concentrations were excluded from evaluation for micronuclei due to excessive cytotoxicity. Based on these results, 40 µg/mL (pulse treatment) or 20 µg/mL (continuous treatment) were selected as the highest test concentrations scored for micronuclei in the experiments without S9 mix.
In the initial experiment with pulse treatment in the presence of S9 mix, 63% cytotoxicity (100 % RICC) occurred at 60 µg/mL. 68 % cytotoxicity (determined by PI) was noted at this concentration. Based on these results, 60 µg/mL was selected as the highest test concentration for pulse treatment with S9 mix scored for micronuclei.
The micronucleus test showed no biologically relevant increase in the frequency of micronucleus containing V79 cells treated with Butanal, reaction products with aniline in the absence (both pulse and continuous treatment) or in the presence of S9 mix (pulse treatment) up to cytotoxic concentrations.
No relevant and/or reproducible increase in mutant colony numbers/10E6 cells was observed in the main experiments up to the maximum concentration. The mutation frequency remained well within the historical range of solvent controls, the induction factor did not reach or exceed the threshold of three.
A linear regression analysis (least squares) was performed to assess a possible dose dependent increase of mutant frequencies. No significant dose dependent trend of the mutation frequency indicated by a probability value of <0.05 was determined in any of the experimental groups.
EMS (150 µg/mL) and DMBA (1.1 µg/mL) were used as positive controls and showed a distinct increase in induced mutant colonies.
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed (negative)
Genetic toxicity in vivo
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Additional information
In all in-vitro genetic toxicity assays (Ames test, MNT, V79/HGPRT test), butanal, reaction products with aniline was negative.
Justification for selection of genetic toxicity endpoint
The results of the Ames tests, the chromosome aberration test and
the HPRT test were considered
Endpoint Conclusion: No adverse effect observed (negative)
Justification for classification or non-classification
In all in-vitro genetic toxicity assays (Ames test, MNT, V79/HGPRT test), butanal, reaction products with aniline was negative. According to CLP classification criteria (Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008) a classification is not justified.
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