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Environmental fate & pathways

Endpoint summary

Administrative data

Description of key information

Additional information

Environmental levels

Air:  

 The concentrations reported are 0.3 to 0.05 ng/m³ in the air (Arnér et al 2004).

Soil & Sediments

Soils: 

No MEC available

Freshwater lake sediments: 

MEC > LOD (level of detection) being 0.01 mg/kg dw (Haarstad & Borch 2004)

River Sediment from contaminated site: 

MEC > LOD in the order of 10 mg/kg dw (Swindlehurst et al 1995)

Sewage sludge: 

MEC > LOD in the order of 2 mg/kg dw (Arnér et al 2004).

Water:

River delta marine water: 

MEC 0.18 to 2.2 ng/L (Bester et al 2001)

River water

MEC > 30 ng/L Somes River (Moldovan 2006)

MEC river water > 10 ng/L (Müller et al 1997)

Ground water: 

MEC > 100 ng/L (Arnér et al 2004)

Leachate 

MEC > 100 ng/L (Arnér et al 2004)

Sewage water: 

MEC = 4000 ng/L in untreated fraction (Arnér et al 2004), no value reported from treated water fraction

Lakewater: 

MEC > LOD (Guzzella & Sora 1998)

Level in biota 

 

Human

Liver samples 0.1 to 1.72 ng/g fw (Ellerichmann et al 1998, IUCLID 5 section 7.10.5), which corresponds approximately to 1.3 to 39 ng/g lw

Fish: 

Arctic char from freshwater concentrations ≤ 1.8 ng/g lw (Norström et al 2004)

Perch concentrations from 15 to 37 ng/g lw (Norström et al 2004) and from 38 to 100 ng/g lw (Olsson et al 1999, Olsson & Bergmann 1995) and in the muscle 32 to 190 ng/g lw (Valters et al 1999)

Herring concentrations from 29 to 31 ng/g lw (Norström et al 2004)

Salmon concentrations from 7.8 to 33 ng/g lw (Norström et al 2004)

Marine Bird egg

White-tailed sea eagle eggs concentration 2.4 to 610 ng/g lw (Helander et al 2002) and 500 ng/g lw (Olsson & Bergmann 1995)

Guillemont egg concentrations 760 to 2600 ng/g lw (Jörundsdóttir et al 2006)

Herring Gull egg concentration not quantified (Letcher et al 1995)

Marine Bird tissues

Baltic guillemot muscle concentrations 1600 and 1900 ng/g lw (Norström et al 2004)

Marine mammals

Grey seal blubber tissue concentrations 41 to 210 ng/g lw (Larsson et al 2004)

Grey seal liver tissue concentrations 55 to 700 ng/g lw (Larsson et al 2004)

Grey seal lung tissue concentrations 21 to 98 ng/g lw (Larsson et al 2004)

Grey seal concentrations 49 to 480 ng/g lw (Norström et al 2004)

Remote areas 

 

5.24 to 143 ng/g lw plasma has been reported in biota (gull blood plasma) from the Norwegian Arctic, a remote area, proving its potential for long range transport (Verreault 2005). Further arctic MEC exist (Brown et al 2008)