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EC number: 200-814-8 | CAS number: 74-84-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- (Q)SAR
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2008
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Non GLP, TGD guideline, QSAR calculation, acceptable with restriction
- Justification for type of information:
- QSAR prediction
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The Ecosar class program has been developed primarily for the evaluation of neutral organic compounds and organic classes with excess toxicity. The QSARs in the Ecosar program are developed for chemical classes based on measured test data that have been submitted by industry or they are developed by other sources for chemicals with similar structures, e.g. phenols. Using the measured aquatic toxicity values and estimated Kow values, regression equations can be developed for a class of chemicals. Toxicity values for new chemicals may then be calculated by inserting the Kow into the regression equation and correcting the resultant value for the molecular weight of the compound.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- SMILES used as input for the calculation:
Butane: CCCC - Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
- Details on sampling:
- No data reported
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Details on test solutions:
- No data reported
- Test organisms (species):
- other: Green algea (no further information)
- Details on test organisms:
- No data reported
- Test type:
- not specified
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- No data reported
- Hardness:
- No data reported
- Test temperature:
- No data reported
- pH:
- No data reported
- Dissolved oxygen:
- No data reported
- Salinity:
- No data reported
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- No data reported
- Details on test conditions:
- No data reported
- Reference substance (positive control):
- not specified
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 7.71 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- estimated
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- not specified
- Details on results:
- No data reported
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- No data reported
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- No data reported
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Conclusions:
- The 96 hour EC50 for green algae is estimated to be 7.71 mg/L in fresh water.
- Executive summary:
No experimental data are available for the effect of butane on the toxicity of algae so QSAR calculations were used to estimate result. ECOSAR Program v1.00. in EPI Suite v4.00 has been used which is acceptable with restrictions. The 96 hour EC50 for green algae is estimated to be 7.71 mg/L in fresh water.
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- (Q)SAR
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2008
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Non GLP, TGD guideline, QSAR calculation, acceptable with restriction
- Justification for type of information:
- QSAR prediction
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The Ecosar class program has been developed primarily for the evaluation of neutral organic compounds and organic classes with excess toxicity. The QSARs in the Ecosar program are developed for chemical classes based on measured test data that have been submitted by industry or they are developed by other sources for chemicals with similar structures, e.g. phenols. Using the measured aquatic toxicity values and estimated Kow values, regression equations can be developed for a class of chemicals. Toxicity values for new chemicals may then be calculated by inserting the Kow into the regression equation and correcting the resultant value for the molecular weight of the compound.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- SMILES used as input for the calculation:
Ethane: CC - Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
- Details on sampling:
- No data reported
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Details on test solutions:
- No data reported
- Test organisms (species):
- other: Green algea (no further information)
- Details on test organisms:
- No data reported
- Test type:
- not specified
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- No data reported
- Hardness:
- No data reported
- Test temperature:
- No data reported
- pH:
- No data reported
- Dissolved oxygen:
- No data reported
- Salinity:
- No data reported
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- No data reported
- Details on test conditions:
- No data reported
- Reference substance (positive control):
- not specified
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 16.5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- estimated
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- not specified
- Details on results:
- No data reported
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- No data reported
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- No data reported
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Conclusions:
- The 96 hour EC50 for green algae estimated to be 16.5 mg/L in fresh water.
- Executive summary:
No experimental data are available for the effect of ethane on the toxicity of algae so QSAR calculations were used to estimate result. ECOSAR Program v1.00. in EPI Suite v4.00 has been used which is acceptable with restrictions. The 96 hour EC50 for green algae is estimated to be 16.5 mg/L in fresh water.
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- (Q)SAR
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2008
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Non GLP, TGD guideline, QSAR calculation, acceptable with restriction
- Justification for type of information:
- QSAR prediction
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The Ecosar class program has been developed primarily for the evaluation of neutral organic compounds and organic classes with excess toxicity. The QSARs in the Ecosar program are developed for chemical classes based on measured test data that have been submitted by industry or they are developed by other sources for chemicals with similar structures, e.g. phenols. Using the measured aquatic toxicity values and estimated Kow values, regression equations can be developed for a class of chemicals. Toxicity values for new chemicals may then be calculated by inserting the Kow into the regression equation and correcting the resultant value for the molecular weight of the compound.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- SMILES used as input for the calculation:
Isobutane: CC(C)C - Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
- Details on sampling:
- No data reported
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Details on test solutions:
- No data reported
- Test organisms (species):
- other: Green algea (no further information)
- Details on test organisms:
- No data reported
- Test type:
- not specified
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- No data reported
- Hardness:
- No data reported
- Test temperature:
- No data reported
- pH:
- No data reported
- Dissolved oxygen:
- No data reported
- Salinity:
- No data reported
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- No data reported
- Details on test conditions:
- No data reported
- Reference substance (positive control):
- not specified
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 8.57 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- estimated
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- not specified
- Details on results:
- No data reported
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- No data reported
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- No data reported
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Conclusions:
- The 96 hour EC50 for green algae is estimated to be 8.57 mg/L in fresh water.
- Executive summary:
No experimental data are available for the effect of isobutane on the toxicity of algae so QSAR calculations were used to estimate the result. ECOSAR Program v1.00. in EPI Suite v4.00 has been used which is acceptable with restrictions. The 96 hour EC50 for green algae is estimated to be 8.57 mg/L in fresh water.
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- (Q)SAR
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2009
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Non-GLP, TGD guideline, QSAR calculation, reliable with restrictions
- Justification for type of information:
- QSAR prediction
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The Ecosar class program has been developed primarily for the evaluation of neutral organic compounds and organic classes with excess toxicity. The QSARs in the Ecosar program are developed for chemical classes based on measured test data that have been submitted by industry or they are developed by other sources for chemicals with similar structures, e.g. phenols. Using the measured aquatic toxicity values and estimated Kow values, regression equations can be developed for a class of chemicals. Toxicity values for new chemicals may then be calculated by inserting the Kow into the regression equation and correcting the resultant value for the molecular weight of the compound.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Remarks:
- Not applicable
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- SMILES used as input for the calculation:
Methane: C - Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
- Details on sampling:
- No data reported
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Details on test solutions:
- No data reported
- Test organisms (species):
- other: Algae
- Details on test organisms:
- No data reported
- Test type:
- other: Not applicable
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- No data reported
- Hardness:
- No data reported
- Test temperature:
- No data reported
- pH:
- No data reported
- Dissolved oxygen:
- No data reported
- Salinity:
- No data reported
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- No data reported
- Details on test conditions:
- No data reported
- Reference substance (positive control):
- not specified
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 12.32 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- estimated
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- not specified
- Details on results:
- No data reported
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- No data reported
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- No data reported
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Remarks:
- QSAR
- Conclusions:
- The calculated 96 hour EC50 for methane is 12.32 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
No experimental data are available for the effect of methane on the toxicity of algae so QSAR calculations were used to estimate result. ECOSAR Program v1.00. in EPI Suite v4.00 has been used which is acceptable with restrictions. The 96 hour EC50 for algae is estimated to be 12.32 mg/L in fresh water.
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- (Q)SAR
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2008
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Non GLP, TGD guideline, QSAR calculation, acceptable with restriction
- Justification for type of information:
- QSAR prediction
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The Ecosar class program has been developed primarily for the evaluation of neutral organic compounds and organic classes with excess toxicity. The QSARs in the Ecosar program are developed for chemical classes based on measured test data that have been submitted by industry or they are developed by other sources for chemicals with similar structures, e.g. phenols. Using the measured aquatic toxicity values and estimated Kow values, regression equations can be developed for a class of chemicals. Toxicity values for new chemicals may then be calculated by inserting the Kow into the regression equation and correcting the resultant value for the molecular weight of the compound.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- SMILES used as input for the calculation:
Propane: CCC - Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
- Details on sampling:
- No data reported
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Details on test solutions:
- No data reported
- Test organisms (species):
- other: Green algea (no further information)
- Details on test organisms:
- No data reported
- Test type:
- not specified
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- No data reported
- Hardness:
- No data reported
- Test temperature:
- No data reported
- pH:
- No data reported
- Dissolved oxygen:
- No data reported
- Salinity:
- No data reported
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- No data reported
- Details on test conditions:
- No data reported
- Reference substance (positive control):
- not specified
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 11.89 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- estimated
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- not specified
- Details on results:
- No data reported
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- No data reported
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- No data reported
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Conclusions:
- The 96 hour EC50 for green algae is estimated to be 11.89 mg/L in fresh water.
- Executive summary:
No experimental data are available for the effect of propane on the toxicity of algae so QSAR calculations were used to estimate result. ECOSAR Program v1.00. in EPI Suite v4.00 has been used which is acceptable with restrictions. The 96 hour EC50 for green algae estimated to be 11.89 mg/L in fresh water.
Referenceopen allclose all
The substance is within the range of logkow and molecular weight allowed by ECOSAR. The training set of the model for this endpoint and chemical class is sufficiently large and contains chemicals that are closely related to the target substance (hydrocarbons). The chemical class to which the target substance was assigned (neutral organics) is correct, as it is a hydrocarbon acting via non-polar narcosis. Therefore the prediction is considered within domain.
The substance is within the range of logkow and molecular weight allowed by ECOSAR. The training set of the model for this endpoint and chemical class is sufficiently large and contains chemicals that are closely related to the target substance (hydrocarbons). The chemical class to which the target substance was assigned (neutral organics) is correct, as it is a hydrocarbon acting via non-polar narcosis. Therefore the prediction is considered within domain.
The substance is within the range of logkow and molecular weight allowed by ECOSAR. The training set of the model for this endpoint and chemical class is sufficiently large and contains chemicals that are closely related to the target substance (hydrocarbons). The chemical class to which the target substance was assigned (neutral organics) is correct, as it is a hydrocarbon acting via non-polar narcosis. Therefore the prediction is considered within domain.
The substance is within the range of logkow and molecular weight allowed by ECOSAR. The training set of the model for this endpoint and chemical class is sufficiently large and contains chemicals that are closely related to the target substance (hydrocarbons). The chemical class to which the target substance was assigned (neutral organics) is correct, as it is a hydrocarbon acting via non-polar narcosis. Therefore the prediction is considered within domain.
The substance is within the range of logkow and molecular weight allowed by ECOSAR. The training set of the model for this endpoint and chemical class is sufficiently large and contains chemicals that are closely related to the target substance (hydrocarbons). The chemical class to which the target substance was assigned (neutral organics) is correct, as it is a hydrocarbon acting via non-polar narcosis. Therefore the prediction is considered within domain.
Description of key information
The EC50 for the toxicity of substances in the category to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria ranged from 7.71 - 16.5 mg/L. The results are above the water solubility for these substances.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 7.71 mg/L
Additional information
No experimental data were available on the toxic effects of category members on algae. Due to the difficulty associated with aquatic toxicity testing with gases, QSAR calculations are considered suitable to estimate the effect concentration. ECOSAR Program v1.00 in EPI Suite v4.00 was used, which is acceptable with restrictions.The ECOSAR model is a reliable and appropriate QSAR model to apply to these substances as it is based on a related chemical dataset that calculates the toxicity of neutral organic hydrocarbons whose mode of action is non-polar narcosis.
QSAR calculations were conducted for substances which were representative of the carbon numbers of the members of the category (methane, ethane, propane, butane and isobutane). The 96 hour EC50 for algae is estimated to range from 7.71 to 16.5 mg/L in fresh water.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
