Benzophenone

Skin sensitisation

Administrative data

Endpoint:

skin sensitisation, other

Remarks:

in vivo study (non-LLNA)

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions

Remarks:

Modified Draize test. In this test, sensitization was induced by 4 (instead of 10) intradermal injections followed by intradermal and topical challange procedures. The test modification as compared to the original Draize method was validated by the performing Laboratory. Therefore the results of the investigation are considered valid. No individal scores were presented in this publication.

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

The sensitization potential of some perfume ingredients tested using a modified draize procedure

Author:

Sharp DW

Year:

1978

Bibliographic source:

Toxicology 9, 261-271

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 406 (Skin Sensitisation)

Version / remarks:

Maximisation test

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

modified Draize test

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Modified Draize test. In the Draize test, sensitization is induced by 10 intradermal injections. In this study, the equivalent total dose was administered on one occasion as 4 intradermal injections.

GLP compliance:

no

Remarks:

at the time the study was performed, GLP was not compulsory

Type of study:

Draize test

Justification for non-LLNA method:

Study was performed in 1978

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Benzophenone

EC Number:

204-337-6

EC Name:

Benzophenone

Cas Number:

119-61-9

Molecular formula:

C13H10O

IUPAC Name:

diphenylmethanone

Details on test material:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): Benzophenone
- Analytical purity: The test item used was from commercial batches which had passed quality control checks

In vivo test system

Test animals

Species:

guinea pig

Strain:

Dunkin-Hartley

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Own colony inbred
- Weight at study initiation: 350 g

Study design: in vivo (non-LLNA)

Induction

Route:

intradermal

Vehicle:

no data

Concentration / amount:

20% as AAC (Application Challenge Concentration)
0.25% as IIC (Injection Challenge Concentration)

Challenge

Route:

intradermal and epicutaneous

Vehicle:

no data

Concentration / amount:

20% as AAC (Application Challenge Concentration)
0.25% as IIC (Injection Challenge Concentration)

No. of animals per dose:

A total of 10 test animal was used and 4 challenge control animals

Details on study design:

RANGE FINDING TESTS
Intradermal injection: Four animals of the same sex were each injected intradermally on the shaved flanks with 0.1 mL aliquots of a range of concentrations of test item in a suitable solvent. The reactions were examined for size, erythema and oedema 24 hours later and the concentration giving slight but perceptible irritation with no oedema was selected as the injection challenge concentration (IIC).
Topical application: Aliquots (0.1 mL) of a range of concentrations of the test item in a suitable solvent were applied in small circular areas to the shaved flanks of 4 guinea pigs of the same sex. The reactions were examined 24 hours later for erythema and the highest concentration which caused no irritation was selected as the application challenge concentration (AAC).

MAIN STUDY
A. INDUCTION EXPOSURE
At Day 0, in 10 animals, 0.1 mL aliquots of the test item at 2.5 times the IIC were injected intradermally at 4 sites which overlie the 2 axillary and inguinal lymph nodes.
B. CHALLENGE EXPOSURE
14 days after induction, each animal was challenged intradermally in one flank and topically in the other with 0.1 mL aliquots of the test item at the respective ICC and ACC: the topical challenge was made by spreading 0.1 mL of the test substance onto the shaved flank in a small circular area, which was not covered. Twenty-four hours later the reactions were scored and apparent sensitization reactions confirmed 7 days later by a second challenge with controls included.
In the absence of sensitization reactions at first challenge, the induction and challenge procedures were repeated, but this time a confirmatory challenge with controls was included irrespective of any apparent sensitization reactions at the previous challenge.

Challenge controls:

At each challenge with controls, 4 previously untreated animals of the same sex and similar weight to the test animals were treated intradermally and topically on opposite flanks with 0.1 mL aliquots of test substance at the ICC and ACC respectively.

Positive control substance(s):

no

Results and discussion

In vivo (non-LLNA)

Results

Key result

Reading:

other: not further specified

Dose level:

0.25-20%

No. with + reactions:

0

Total no. in group:

10

Any other information on results incl. tables

Scoring: Each injection reaction was given a total score based on size (2 largest diameters), erythema and oedema. Individual reactions were considered positive when their total score was significantly greater than the average for total score for control reactions. Application reactions were scored on a 0 to +++ scale and individual reactions were considered positiveif they were a) + or greater and b) there were no erythema reactions in controls.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Interpretation of results:

GHS criteria not met

Conclusions:

In this modified Magnusson Kligman maximisation test, benzophenone did not show a sensitizing effect in guinea pigs.

Executive summary:

Benzophenone was applied to 10 guinea pigs in a modified Draize test. After induction (Day 0) with 4 intradermal injections to each animal with a 1% benzophenone concentration, combined intradermal (0.25% benzophenone) and topical challenge (20% benzophenone) procedures followed on day 14 and were repeated on days 35 and 42.

Benzophenone did not show a sensitising response in this test system and is thus considered to be a non-sensitising substance.