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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 215-127-9 | CAS number: 1304-28-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to reproduction
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- fertility, other
- Remarks:
- based on test type (migrated information)
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- BaO rapidly hydrolyzes to Ba(OH)2, a strongly alkaline substance, upon contact with water. Barium chloride dihydrate as well soluble barium salt was used to assess the potential of BaO to cause barium toxicity. The study did not follow a guideline, but the experimental setup meets basic scientific criteria.
Cross-reference
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Subchronic Toxicity of Barium Chloride Dihydrate Administered to Rats and Mice in the Drinking Water
- Author:
- Dietz et al.
- Year:
- 1 992
- Bibliographic source:
- Fundamental and Applied Toxicology 19, 527-537 (1992)
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Four dose levels were tested with 20 males and 20 females each: 0, 1000, 2000, and 4000 ppm Barium Chloride Dihydrate in drinking water. Males were treated for 60 consecutive days, females for 30 days. At the end of the treatment period, one male and one female were co-housed until signs of mating were detected, but for maximum 8 days. Live offspring were counted, weighed and examined on day 0 (day of birth) and again on day 5. Dead pups were colleced and examined. All females were terminated on days 96 or 97 and vagina, cervix, oviduct and ovaries were examined and implantation sites were counted.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 10326-27-9
- EC Number:
- 600-412-6
- Cas Number:
- 10326-27-9
- IUPAC Name:
- 10326-27-9
- Reference substance name:
- barium chloride dihydrate
- IUPAC Name:
- barium chloride dihydrate
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): barium chloride dihydrate
- Molecular formula (if other than submission substance): BaCl2*2H2O
- Molecular weight (if other than submission substance): 244.27 g/mol
- Substance type: Salt
- Analytical purity: 99.5%
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- other: Fischer-344/N
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Simonsen Laboratories, Gilroy (CA)
- Age at study initiation: 32 days
- Housing: 5 per cage
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): NIH-07 pellets ad libitum
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum
- Acclimation period: 10-11 days
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 21-24
- Air changes (per hr): 13.5
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- oral: drinking water
- Vehicle:
- water
- Details on mating procedure:
- - M/F ratio per cage: 1/1
- Length of cohabitation: until detection of signs of mating, but for max. 8 days
- Proof of pregnancy: sperm in vaginal smear
- No replacement of male after unsuccessful pairing (no explanation)
- After successful mating each pregnant female was caged (how): no data - Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- yes
- Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- Dosage analyses were conducted on all dose levels, once at the beginning and midway through the testing period. Detected dose levels were within 1-6% of expected dosage.
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- Males: 60 days, Females: 30 days prior to mating
- Frequency of treatment:
- continuous
- Details on study schedule:
- - Males were treated for 60 days, females for 30 days with test substance in drinking water prior to mating
- 1 male was mated with 1 female
- animals were checked daily for signs of co-habitation and separated if positive, at the latest however 8 days after begin of the mating period
- live pups were counted and examined on day of birth and 5 days after
- females were sacrificed at days 96 and 97 and reproductive organs were examined
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
1000, 2000, 4000 ppm
Basis:
nominal in water
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 20
- Control animals:
- yes, concurrent vehicle
Examinations
- Parental animals: Observations and examinations:
- CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: Twice daily
DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: No data
BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: Females were weighed on the day of mating and on the day of parturition
WATER CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE (if drinking water study): No data - Oestrous cyclicity (parental animals):
- not determined
- Sperm parameters (parental animals):
- Parameters examined in male parental generation:
testis weight, epididymis weight, sperm count, sperm motility, sperm morphology - Litter observations:
- STANDARDISATION OF LITTERS
- Performed on day 4 postpartum: no
PARAMETERS EXAMINED
The following parameters were examined in F1 offspring:
number of pups, stillbirths, live births, postnatal mortality, presence of gross anomalies, weight gain, physical abnormalities
GROSS EXAMINATION OF DEAD PUPS:
yes, for external abnormalities - Postmortem examinations (parental animals):
- SACRIFICE
- Male animals: no data
- Maternal animals: All surviving were terminated at days 96 and 97.
GROSS NECROPSY
- Gross necropsy consisted of vagina, cervix, oviducts, and ovaries (females). Implantation sites in uteri were counted.
Results and discussion
Results: P0 (first parental generation)
Details on results (P0)
REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION (PARANTAL ANIMALS):
- No differences in sperm count, motility or morphology were found.
- No effects on testis or epididymal weight.
- Vaginal cytology was negative for abnormalities.
REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE (PARENTAL ANIMALS): Pregnancy rates ranged between 40% in controls to 65% in the highest treatment group.
Effect levels (P0)
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Effect level:
- 2 000 ppm (nominal)
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Sex:
- male/female
- Basis for effect level:
- other: Animals did not show increased mortality, fertility rates, live pup numbers and weights were comparable to controls. No effects on sperm count, motility, and morphology, testis or epididymal weight.
Results: F1 generation
Details on results (F1)
No external abnormalities were observed.
Effect levels (F1)
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Generation:
- F1
- Effect level:
- 2 000 ppm (nominal)
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Sex:
- male/female
- Basis for effect level:
- other: Pup numbers, birth weight, and weight gain after birth were normal, no external abnormalities were detected.
Overall reproductive toxicity
- Reproductive effects observed:
- not specified
Any other information on results incl. tables
Reproductive toxicity:
|
0 ppm |
4000 ppm |
Pregnancy rate |
40% |
65% |
Average litter size D0 |
9.0± 1.37 |
7.2± 0.52 |
Average litter size D5 |
9.3± 1.16 |
7.1± 0.56 |
Implants / pregnant dam |
9.6± 1.10 |
7.7± 0.52 |
Live pup weight D0 |
5.7± 0.09 |
5.2± 0.06* |
Live pup weight D5 |
10.55± 0.26 |
9.93± 0.20 |
*p≤0.01
Applicant's summary and conclusion
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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