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EC number: 203-039-3 | CAS number: 102-54-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Repeated dose toxicity: oral
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- chronic toxicity: oral
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- test procedure in accordance with national standard methods with acceptable restrictions
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Chronic toxicity of dicyclopentadienyliron (ferrocene) in dogs
- Author:
- R.A. Yeary
- Year:
- 1 969
- Bibliographic source:
- Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. Nov;15(3):666-76.
Materials and methods
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- No exact method guidelines given in publication, but a chronic oral study on dogs is described.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Ferrocene
- EC Number:
- 203-039-3
- EC Name:
- Ferrocene
- Cas Number:
- 102-54-5
- Molecular formula:
- C10H10Fe
- IUPAC Name:
- iron(2+) dicyclopenta-2,4-dienide
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- dog
- Strain:
- not specified
- Sex:
- not specified
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- oral: capsule
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Details on oral exposure:
- dogs were administered ferrocene in gelatin capsules once each day at 30, 100, 300, and 1000 mg/kg. Controls were given empty gelatin capsules
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 180 days
- Frequency of treatment:
- Daily
- Control animals:
- yes, concurrent no treatment
Examinations
- Sacrifice and pathology:
- Animals were sacrificed at 12 and 24 weeks or observed for 1 year or 26 months after the 12 week treatment period.
Results and discussion
Results of examinations
- Clinical signs:
- no effects observed
- Description (incidence and severity):
- there were no deaths
- Mortality:
- no mortality observed
- Description (incidence):
- there were no deaths
Effect levels
- Key result
- Dose descriptor:
- LOAEL
- Effect level:
- 30 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
- Basis for effect level:
- other: Hemosiderosis was observed
Target system / organ toxicity
- Critical effects observed:
- not specified
Any other information on results incl. tables
Hemosiderosis was observed at 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg ferrocene at 6 months and 1000 mg/kg at 3 months. There was a dose related accumulation of iron.
There was a reversible decrease in hemoglobin, packed cell volume, and erythrocyte counts with greatest change occurring during the first 4 weeks at doses of 300 mg/kg. Cirrhosis was seen with 1000 and 300 mg/kg ferrocene, and testicular hypoplasia occurred with 300 and 100 mg/kg ferrocene.
Dogs observed for 12 to 26 months after the 6 month treatment period showed no latent effects from massive iron overload. The ferrocene induced hepatic iron overload was reduced by repeated venesection and removal of large quantities of iron. This resulted in mobilization of the storage iron for hemoglobin synthesis.
All other parameters were normal
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Executive summary:
Mongrel-dogs were administered ferrocene in gelatin capsules once each day at 30, 100, 300, and 1000 mg/kg. Controls were given empty gelatin capsules.
Animals were sacrificed at 12 and 24 weeks or observed for 1 year or 26 months after the 6 month treatment period.
Liver biopsies were taken from ferrocene treated dogs (10th month) and from dogs used in the ferrous reversibility study. At necropsy, all tissues were examined grossly and later histologically. Blood and urine samples were collected at intervals and measured for hematologic and biochemical parameters including iron absorption and storage. There were no deaths.
Hemosiderosis was observed at 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg ferrocene at 6 months and 1000 mg/kg at 3 months. There was a dose related accumulation of iron. There was a reversible decrease in hemoglobin, packed cell volume, and erythrocyte counts with greatest change occurring during the first 4 weeks at doses of 300 mg/kg. Cirrhosis was seen with 300 and 1000 mg/kg ferrocene, and testicular hypoplasia occurred with 100 and 300 mg/kg ferrocene or 150 and 500 mg/kg ferrous-sulfate at 6 months.
Dogs observed for 12 to 26 months after the 6 month treatment period showed no latent effects from massive iron overload. The ferrocene induced hepatic iron overload was reduced by repeated venesection and removal of large quantities of iron. This resulted in mobilization of the storage iron for hemoglobin synthesis.
All other parameters were normal.
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