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Description of key information

A No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) of 1000 mg/kg body weight/day for repeated dose toxicity was established from a Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity study with the Reproduction/Develpmental Toxicity Screening Test according OECD 422 with the read-across substance Isostearic acid, esters with methyl α-D-glucoside.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Repeated dose toxicity: via oral route - systemic effects

Link to relevant study records
Reference
Endpoint:
short-term repeated dose toxicity: oral
Remarks:
combined repeated dose and reproduction / developmental screening
Type of information:
migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
2008-09-25 to 2008-11-14
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: Read-across from a guideline study with RL 1
Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
reference to same study
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 422 (Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity Study with the Reproduction / Developmental Toxicity Screening Test)
Version / remarks:
March 1996
Deviations:
no
GLP compliance:
yes
Limit test:
no
Species:
rat
Strain:
other: Wistar Han (Crl:WI(Han))
Sex:
male/female
Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
TEST ANIMALS
- Age at study initiation (F0-treatment): approximately 10 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: male:279 - 317 g, female: 180 - 215 g
- Fasting period before study: -
- Housing:
Pre-mating: animals were housed in groups of 5 animals/sex/cage in Macrolon cages (MIII type, height 18 cm)
Mating: females were caged together with males on a one-to-one-basis in Macrolon cages (MIII type, height 18 cm).
Post-mating: Males were housed in their home cage (Macrolon cages, MIV type, height 18 cm) with a maximum of 5 animals/sex/cage. Females were individually housed in Macrolon cages (MIII type, height 18 cm).
Lactation: Offspring was kept with the dam until termination in Macrolon cages (MIII type, height 18 cm)
- Diet: ad libitum, pelleted rodent diet (SM R/M-Z from SSNIFF® Spezialdiäten GmbH, Soest, Germany)
- Water: ad libitum, tap-water
- Acclimation period F0: at least 5 days prior to start of treatment


ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 21 ± 3°C (actual range: 18.4 22.2° C)
- Humidity (%): 30 - 70% (actual range: 37 - 94%)
- Air changes (per hr): 15
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 hours artificial light and 12 hours darkness per day

Route of administration:
oral: gavage
Vehicle:
CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose)
Remarks:
1 % aqueous carboxymethyl cellulose (Genfarma, Zaandam, The Netherlands).
Details on oral exposure:
PREPARATION OF DOSING SOLUTIONS:
- Dose volume: 5 ml/kg bw. Actual dose volumes were calculated according to the latest body weight.

VEHICLE
- 1% aqueous carboxymethyl cellulose

TEST SUBSTANCE FORMULATION
- Stability of test substance in vehicle: stable in 1% aqueous carboxymethyl cellulose for at least 6 hours at room temperature over the concentration range 10 to 200 mg/mL (determined during this project).
- Method of formulation: formulations (w/w) were prepared daily, were homogenised to a visually acceptable level and dosed as soon as possible after preparation with a maximum of 2.5 hours after preparation. No adjustment was made for specific gravity of the test substance, vehicle, and/or
formulation. In order to obtain homogeneity, the test substance formulations were heated in a water bath with a maximum temperature of 45 °C for a maximum of 22 minutes. The test substance formulations were allowed to cool down to a temperature at a maximum of 40 °C prior to dosing.
Based on results of the thermal analysis, reaction and/or decomposition of the test substance were observed above approximately 175°C and, therefore, the test substance was considered to be stable at 45°C.
Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
yes
Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- Analyses were performed on a single occasion after the treatment phase according to a validated method.
- The accuracy of preparation was considered acceptable if the mean measured concentrations were 85-115%. Homogeneity was demonstrated if the coefficient of variation was <= 10%. Formulations were considered stable if the relative difference before and after storage was maximally 10%.
Duration of treatment / exposure:
Males: exposed for 30 days, i.e, 2 weeks prior to mating, during mating, and up to termination
Females: exposed for 42-44 days, i.e, during 2 weeks prior to mating, during mating, post-coitum, and during at least 4 days of lactation
Offspring: not treated
Frequency of treatment:
- Once daily for 7 days per week, approximately the same time each day with a maximum of 6 hours difference between the earliest and latest dose. Animals were dosed up to the day prior to scheduled necropsy.
Remarks:
Doses / Concentrations:
0, 50, 150, 1000 mg/kg bw/day
Basis:
actual ingested
No. of animals per sex per dose:
F0 males: 10, F0 females: 10
Control animals:
yes, concurrent vehicle
Details on study design:
- Dose selection rationale: Dose levels were based on results of a dose range finding study.
Positive control:
-
Observations and examinations performed and frequency:
CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: at least twice daily

DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: at least once daily
- Once prior to start of treatment and at weekly intervals this was also performed outside the home cage in a standard arena. Arena observations were not performed when the animals were mating, or housed individually.
- All symptoms were recorded and graded according to fixed scales:
Maximum grade 1: grade 0 = absent, grade 1 = present
Maximum grade 3 or 4: grade 1 = slight, grade 2 = moderate, grade 3 = severe, grade 4 = very severe


BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: first day of exposure and weekly thereafter; mated females were weighed on days 0, 4, 7, 11, 14, 17 and 20 post-coitum and during lactation on days 1 and 4


FOOD CONSUMPTION:
- Time schedule: weekly for males and females. It was not recorded during the breeding period. Food consumption of mated females was measured on Days 0, 4, 7, 11, 14, 17 and 20 postcoitum and during lactation on Days 1 and 4 post-partum

FOOD EFFICIENCY:
- Body weight gain in kg/food consumption in kg per unit time X 100 calculated as time-weighted averages from the consumption and body weight gain: no data

WATER CONSUMPTION:
- Subjective appraisal was maintained during the study, but no quantitative investigation introduced as no effect was suspected

OPHTHALMOSCOPIC EXAMINATION: No

HAEMATOLOGY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: immediately prior to scheduled post mortem examination, between 7.00 and 10.30 a.m.
- Anaesthetic used for blood collection: Yes (iso-flurane (Abbott Laboratories Ud., Zwolle, The Netherlands) anaesthesia)
- Animals fasted: Yes
- How many animals: from the first five mated males and the first five females with live offspring from each group
- Parameters: WBC, differential leucocyte count, RBC, Reticulocytes, Red blood cell distribution width (RDW), Haemaglobin, Haematocrit, MCV, MCH, MCHC, platelets, PT, APTT

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: immediately prior to scheduled post mortem examination, between 7.00 and 10.30 a.m.
- Animals fasted: Yes
- How many animals: from the first five mated males and the first five females with live offspring from each group
- Parameters: Alanine aminotransferase, Aspartate aminotransferase, Alkaline phosphatase,Total Protein, Albumin, Total Bilirubin, Urea, Creatinine,
Glucose, Cholesterol, Sodium, Potassium, Chloride, Calcium, Inorganic Phosphate

URINALYSIS: No

NEUROBEHAVIOURAL EXAMINATION: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: The assigned males were tested during Week 4 of treatment and the assigned females were tested during lactation (all before blood sampling)
- Dose groups that were examined: In the first five mated males and the first five females with live offspring, from each group
- Battery of functions tested: hearing ability, pupillary reflex, static righting reflex and grip strength (Score 0 =normal/present, score 1 =abnormal/absent); motor activity test (recording period: 12 hours during overnight for individual animals, using a computerised monitoring system; Pearson Technical Services, Debenham, Stowmarket, England). During the motor activity test, males were caged individually and females were caged with their offspring

Sacrifice and pathology:
GROSS PATHOLOGY: Yes
- Dose groups: the first 5 mated males per group and the first 5 females with live offspring per group
-- Macroscopic examination: Adrenal glands, Aorta, Brain (cerebellum, mid-brain, cortex), Caecum, Cervix, Clitoral gland, Colon, Coagulation gland, Duodenum, Epididymides,
(Eyes with optic nerve (if detectable) and Harderian gland), (Female mammary gland area), (Femur including joint), Heart, Ileum, Jejunum, Kidneys, (Larynx), (Lacrimal gland, exorbital), Liver, Lung, Ovaries, Pancreas, Peyer's patches (jejunum, ileum) if detectable, Pituitary gland, Preputial gland, Prostate gland, Rectum, (Salivary glands - mandibular, sublingual), Sciatic nerve, Seminal vesicles, (Skeletal muscle), (Skin), Spinal cord -cervical, midthoracic, lumbar, Spleen, Sternum with bone marrow, Stomach, Testes, Thymus, Thyroid includinq parathyroid (if detectable), (Tongue), Trachea, Urinary bladder, Uterus, Lymph nodes - mandibular, mesenteric, (Nasopharynx), Oesophagus, Vagina, all gross lesions

- From all remaining animals:
Cervix, Clitoral gland, Coagulation gland, Epididymides,Ovaries, Preputial gland, Prostate gland, Seminal vesicles, Testes, Uterus, Vagina, all gross lesions

- Tissues/organs mentioned in parentheses were not examined by the pathologist, since no signs of toxicity were noted at macroscopic examination.

-- Organ weights:
- From the first 5 mated males per group and the first 5 females with live offspring per group: Adrenal glands, Brain, Epididymides, Heart, Kidneys, Liver, Prostate (when fixed for at least 24 hours), Seminal vesicles, Spleen, Testes, Thymus

- From all remaining males:
Epididymides, Testes, Prostate (when fixed for at least 24 hours), Seminal vesicles


HISTOPATHOLOGY: Yes
- Histopathologic examination was performed on an extensive list of organs and tissues from five males and five females of groups 1 and 4 as well as gross lesions from all rats. Sections of testes from five group 1 and 4 rats were assessed for spermatogenesis staging.
- Adrenal glands, aorta, bone - sternum [and femur including joint]; bone marrow - sternal, brain, clitoral glands, epididymides, esophagus, [eyes with optic nerve and Harderian glands); heart, [identification marks], kidneys, [Iacrimal glands - exorbital], large intestine cecum, colon and rectum; [larynx), liver, lungs, Iymph nodes - mandibular and mesenteric; [female mammary gland area], [nasopharynx], ovaries, pancreas, pituitary gland, preputial, glands, prostate gland, [salivary glands - mandibular and sublingual]; sciatic nerve, seminal vesicles with coagulation glands, [skeletal muscle], [skin], small intestine - duodenum, jejunum and ileum with Peyer's patches: spinal cord - cervical, midthoracic and lumbar; spleen, stomach, testes, thymus, thyroid glands with parathyroid glands, [tongue], trachea, urinary bladder, uterus with uterine cervix, vagina and all organs or tissues with macroscopic abnormalities.
Following fixation, organs (except those listed in brackets) from the selected animals of groups 1 and 4 along with all organs or tissues with macroscopic abnormalities from all rats, were trimmed , processed and embedded in paraffin wax, precision cut and stained with hematoxylin and eosin.

PATHOLOGY OFFSPRING: Yes
- Pups were killed by decapitation on Day 5 of lactation or shortly thereafter.
- All offspring was sexed and externally examined. The stomach was examined for the presence of milk. Descriptions of all external abnormalities were recorded. If possible, defects or cause of death were evaluated. Any abnormal pup, organ or tissue was preserved in 10% buffered formalin, for possible further examination.
Other examinations:
OFFSPRING
Mortality/Viability: The numbers of live and dead pups at the First Lilter Check (=check at Day 1 of lactation) and daily thereafter were determined. lf possible, defects or cause of death were evaluated.
Clinical signs: At least once daily, detailed clinical observations (including abnormal behaviour) were made in all animals.
Body weights: Live pups were weighed during lactation on Days 1 and 4.
Sex: was determined for all pups on Days 1 and 4 of lactation (by assessment of the ano-genital distance).
Statistics:
- If the variables could be assumed to follow a normal distribution, the Dunnett-test (Dunnett, 1955) (many-to-one t-test) based on a pooled variance estimate was applied for the comparison of the treated groups and the control groups for each sex.
- The Steel-test (Miller, 1981) (many-to-one rank test) was applied if the data could not be assumed to follow a normal distribution.
- The Fisher Exact-test (Fisher, 1950) was applied to frequency data.
- No statistical analysis was performed on histopathology findings
All tests were two-sided and in all cases p < 0.05 was accepted as the lowest level of significance.
Clinical signs:
no effects observed
Mortality:
no mortality observed
Body weight and weight changes:
no effects observed
Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
no effects observed
Food efficiency:
not examined
Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
not examined
Ophthalmological findings:
not examined
Haematological findings:
effects observed, treatment-related
Clinical biochemistry findings:
effects observed, treatment-related
Urinalysis findings:
not examined
Behaviour (functional findings):
no effects observed
Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
effects observed, treatment-related
Gross pathological findings:
no effects observed
Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
no effects observed
Histopathological findings: neoplastic:
no effects observed
Details on results:
CLINICAL SIGNS AND MORTALITY
-- Mortality: no mortality occurred during the study period
-- Clinical signs: No toxicologically-relevant clinical signs were noted up to 1000 mg/kg.
- Slight salivation was noted among the dose groups and was considered to be a physiological response to the taste of the formulation rather than a sign of systemic toxicity, considering the nature, minor severity of the effect and its time of occurrence (i.e. after dosing). Therefore, this was considered not toxicologically relevant.
- Incidental findings that were noted included alopecia, scaling and scabbing of various body parts, piloerection and a broken tail apex. These findings occurred within the range of background findings to be expected for rats of this age and strain which are housed and treated under the conditions in this study. At the incidence observed, these were considered signs of no toxicological significance.

BODY WEIGHT AND WEIGHT GAIN
- Body weights and body weight gain of treated animals remained in the same range as controls over the treatment period.

FOOD CONSUMPTION
- Food consumption before or after allowance for body weight was similar between treated and control animals.

HAEMATOLOGY
- At 1000 mg/kg, haemoglobin levels were slightly reduced for males (statistical significant at 5%) and white blood cell counts (WBC) were higher for females (statistical significant at 1%; only determined for two females). However, values are in the range of the laboratory´s historical control data and therefore considered to be of no toxicological relevance.
- A statistical significant reduction in prothrombin time (PT) was noted for males at 150 mg/kg, but in the absence of a dose-dependent trend it was considered to be of no toxicological relevance.

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
- At 1000 mg/kg, males showed elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels (statistically significant at 1%), and significantly reduced levels of cholesterol and total protein compared to vehicle controls (both statistically significant at 5%). However, values are in the range of the laboratoriy´s historical control data and therefore considered to be of no toxicological relevance.
- Aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) levels showed a reduction for females at all treatment levels without a dose response relationship. However, for this parameter, the values for the concurrent control animals were much higher than data from historical controls (historical control mean = 66.6, Group 1 mean = 121.4), and as such, the reduced ASAT levels were not considered to be toxicologically relevant. The cause of these increased values for the concurrent control group was unclear. However, as no corroborative findings were noted, it was not considered toxicologically relevant.
- Chloride levels were slightly lower for females at 150 and 1000 mg/kg. However, as this change was very slight and within the normal range, it was not considered toxicologically relevant.
- All other statistically significant changes from controls (decreased glucose levels at 50 mg/kg and increased inorganic phosphate values at 150 mg/kg, both for males) were considered to be of no toxicological significance as they occurred in the absence of a treatment-related distribution.


NEUROBEHAVIOUR
- Hearing ability, pupillary reflex, static righting reflex, grip strength and motor activity were normal in the selected animals.

ORGAN WEIGHTS
- At 1000 mg/kg, higher absolute Iiver weights and liver to body weight ratios were observed for both sexes (not statistically significant for absolute liver weights of the males). However, values are in the range of the laboratory´s historical control data and therefore considered to be of no toxicological relevance.
- At 150 mg/kg, increased testes weights (absolute and body weight ratio) were noted and an increase in seminal vesicle weight (body weight ratio) was seen at 50 mg/kg. These findings in both treatment groups were considered not to be a sign of toxicity as no dose response relationship was noted.

GROSS PATHOLOGY
- Macroscopic observations at necropsy did not reveal any alterations that were considered to have arisen as a result of treatment.
- Incidental findings included foci on the stomach glandular mucosa, pelvic dilation of the kidneys,reduced size of the seminal vesicles, ectopic splenic tissue, a bent tail apex, and alopecia of several body parts. These findings are occasionally seen among rats used in these types of studies. As they remained within the range of biological variation for rats of this age and strain, these findings were considered to be changes of no toxicological significance.

HISTOPATHOLOGY: NON-NEOPLASTIC
- All recorded microscopic findings were within the range of background pathology encountered in Wistar Han rats of this age in this type of study and occurred at similar incidences and severity in both control and treated rats.
- The spermatogenic staging profiles were normal for all Group 1 and Group 4 males evaluated.


HISTORICAL CONTROL DATA (if applicable)
- Results were compared wit historical control data.
- No detailed data available in study

OTHER FINDINGS:
REPRODUCTION
- Reproduction parameters were unaffected by treatment up to 1000 mg/kg body weight/day.
- All pairs mated within four days and all females were pregnant.
- No treatment related findings were observed for mating performance, fertility parameters, gestation duration, number of dead and living pups at first Iitter check, number of implantation sites and number of corpora lutea.

BREEDING DATA
- Breeding parameters were unaffected by treatment up to 1000 mg/kg body weight/day.
- Postnatal loss and viability index were similar for the control and treated groups.

PUP DEVELOPMENT
- Development of pups was unaffected by treatment up to 1000 mg/kg body weight/day.
- Pup (mean) body weights were in the same range for the control and treated groups.
- Incidentai clinical symptoms consisted of small size, bluish colour, blue spot on the neck and eye, scabbing of the right cheek, pale appearance and insufficient milk in the stomach.
- Incidental macroscopic findings consisted of autolysis of pups found dead at the first Iitter check, scabbing of the right cheek, and insufficient milk in the stomach. No relationship with treatment was established for these observations and they were considered to be of no toxicoiogical significance.
Dose descriptor:
NOAEL
Effect level:
1 000 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
Sex:
male/female
Basis for effect level:
other: Described findings at 1000 mg/kg bw were not considered adverse and were without corroborative findings.
Critical effects observed:
not specified
Conclusions:
The parental No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) was established to be 1000 mg/kg body weight/day.
Executive summary:

In a Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity study with the Reproduction/Develpmental Toxicity Screening Test according OECD 422 test substance Isostearic acid, esters with methylα-D-glucoside (100% UVCB-Substance (80% Methyl Glucoside Isostearate Esters (mainly Di-), 16% Isostearic Acid, 4% Methyl Glucoside (not soluble in Olive Oil)) in 1 % aqueous carboxymethyl cellulose was administered to 10 male and 10 female Wistar Han rats/dose group by daily oral gavage at dose levels of 0, 50, 150, and 1000 mg/kg bw/day. The males were exposed for 2 weeks prior to mating, during mating, and up to termination (for 30 days). The females were exposed for 2 weeks prior to mating, during mating, during post-coitum, and at least 4 days of lactation (for 42 to 44 days).

At 1000 mg/kg bw/day statistically significantly reduced haemoglobin, cholesterol and total protein levels (males), and elevated white blood cell counts (determined for only two females) plus alkaline phosphatase levels (males) were found. Increased liver weights (absolute and relative) were noted for high dose males and females. These changes were noted without corroborative findings (e.g. histopathological findings). However, all values are in the range of the laboratory´s historical control data and therefore considered to be of no toxicological relevance.

No treatment-related changes were noted in any of the remaining parameters investigated in this study (i.e. mortality, clinical appearance, functional observations, body weight, food consumption, macroscopic and microscopic examination, reproduction, breeding and pup development).

In conclusion the findings noted at 1000 mg/kg were not considered adverse and were without corroborative findings, the parental No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) was established to be 1000 mg/kg body weight/day.

This subchronic toxicity study in the rat is acceptable and satisfies the guideline requirement for a Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity Study with the Reproduction/Developmental Toxicity Screening Test (OECD 422) in rat.

Endpoint conclusion
Endpoint conclusion:
no adverse effect observed
Dose descriptor:
NOAEL
1 000 mg/kg bw/day
Study duration:
subacute
Species:
rat
Quality of whole database:
Data from GLP compliant sub-acute study according to OECD guideline 422 (RL1) is available for the read-across substance Isostearic acid, esters with methyl α-D-glucoside.

Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation - systemic effects

Endpoint conclusion
Endpoint conclusion:
no study available

Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation - local effects

Endpoint conclusion
Endpoint conclusion:
no study available

Repeated dose toxicity: dermal - systemic effects

Endpoint conclusion
Endpoint conclusion:
no study available

Repeated dose toxicity: dermal - local effects

Endpoint conclusion
Endpoint conclusion:
no study available

Additional information

Oral route:

In a Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity study with the Reproduction/Develpmental Toxicity Screening Test according OECD 422 the read-across substance Isostearic acid, esters with methylα-D-glucoside (100% UVCB-Substance (80% Methyl Glucoside Isostearate Esters (mainly Di-), 16% Isostearic Acid, 4% Methyl Glucoside (not soluble in Olive Oil)) in 1 % aqueous carboxymethyl cellulose was administered to 10 male and 10 female Wistar Han rats/dose group by daily oral gavage at dose levels of 0, 50, 150, and 1000 mg/kg bw/day. The males were exposed for 2 weeks prior to mating, during mating, and up to termination (for 30 days). The females were exposed for 2 weeks prior to mating, during mating, during post-coitum, and at least 4 days of lactation (for 42 to 44 days).

 

At 1000 mg/kg bw/day statistically significantly reduced haemoglobin, cholesterol and total protein levels (males), and elevated white blood cell counts (determined for only two females) plus alkaline phosphatase levels (males) were found. Increased liver weights (absolute and relative) were noted for high dose males and females. These changes were noted without corroborative findings (e.g. histopathological findings). However, all values are in the range of the laboratory´s historical control data and therefore considered to be of no toxicological relevance.

No treatment-related changes were noted in any of the remaining parameters investigated in this study (i.e. mortality, clinical appearance, functional observations, body weight, food consumption, macroscopic and microscopic examination, reproduction, breeding and pup development).

In conclusion the findings noted at 1000 mg/kg were not considered adverse and were without corroborative findings, the parental No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) was established to be 1000 mg/kg body weight/day.

Sub-chronic toxicity

According to Annex XI, 1.2 of REACH regulation some substances may be excluded from testing for repeated dose toxicity if it does not appear scientifically necessary. Following the approach outline in guidance on information requirements R7a, integrated test strategy, further testing on sub-chronic toxicity with Stearic acid, esters with methyl α-D-glucoside does not appear scientifically necessary, based on the following reasons considered in a weight of evidence approach:

  • Data from a combined Repeated Dose Toxicity study with the Reproduction/Developmental Toxicity Screening Test according to OECD TG 422 with the read-across substance Isostearic acid, esters with methyl α-D-glucoside are available. The No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) for repeated dose toxicity, as well as for reproductive and developmental toxicity was considered to be 1000 mg/kg body weight/day, the highest tested dose and limit dose of guideline. The source substance Isostearic acid, esters with methyl α-D-glucoside represents a worst-case, due to branched Isostearic acid instead of the linear stearic acid.  
  • Based on these data, and taking into account that no hazard or relevant adverse effects were identified in any of the performed studies, it can be concluded, that Stearic acid, esters with methyl α-D-glucoside has no intrinsic hazardous toxic activity relevant to humans by single or repeated exposure. The dataset is considered suitable for the characterization of the hazard profile and due to the absent intrinsic hazardous toxic activity no DNELs need to be derived within chemical safety assessment. Conduct of an exposure assessment is not necessary according to REACH regulation article 14. Considering the whole data set, there are no indications for a further risk. 
  • Moreover the data are sufficient for classification and labeling purpose. According to Directive 67/548/EEC as well as GHS Regulation EC No 1272/2008 Stearic acid, esters with methylα-D-glucoside has not to be classified or labeled.
  • Regarding the chemical structure of the substance, there are no groups associated with certain reactivity like oxidizing properties or extreme pH-values. This is supported by negative findings from irritation and mutagenicity studies.
  • Based on physico-chemical properties of the substance, a low absorption after oral ingestion and dermal exposure can be assumed. Solubility is a prerequisite for the systemic absorption via the oral route, based on the very low water solubility of < 1mg/L a low absorption after oral ingestion is expected. High molecular weights are associated with the most constituents of UVCB substance Stearic acid, esters with methylα-D-glucoside, thus they are expected to have a low potential for skin penetration. Furthermore the substance must be sufficiently soluble in water to partition from the stratum corneum into the epidermis. Therefore, due to the water solubility of < 1 mg/L, dermal uptake is likely to be low. Inhalation is unlikely taking into account the very low vapour pressure of the substance and/or low likelihood of the generation of aerosols, particles or fine dusts of an inhalable size. Stearic acid, esters with methyl α-D-glucoside is a solid, marketed and used in form of Pellets about 5 - 8 mm in the diameter. Taking this consistence into account the generation of inhalable particles such as fine dust or aerosols is unlikely.  
  • Regarding exposure considerations, Stearic acid, esters with methyl α-D-glucoside is produced for cosmetic use only. According to REACH regulation (article 14) the chemical safety report need not include consideration of the risks to human health from the end uses in cosmetic products within the scope of Directive 76/768/EEC. During manufacturing the worker exposure is avoided due to production procedure, like a closed batch process. The spraying device used for pelletizing of the substance is built into a closed compartment which is shed by Plexiglass tiles. Filling of sacks isall fully automated process.

In conclusion, in all stages of the production process there is no chance for the workers to get in dermal contact with the substance. During the filling of the sacks, no dust is developed, because the sack mouth is sucked by a small vacuum around the exit tube of the filling funnel.   In conclusion, the minimum requirement to cover the endpoint repeated dose toxicity is fulfilled. Sub-acute data from a study conducted according to OECD guideline 422 are available. Based on the arguments outlined above, especially the absent intrinsic hazardous toxic activity profile, the assumed low systemic bioavailability, the absence of local effects and the outlined exposure considerations, data are considered adequate for a robust characterisation of the toxicological hazards, for risk assessment and classification and labeling. Furthermore, an improvement in toxicological hazard characterization is not expected from further repeated dose toxicity data.

Hence, further testing is scientifically unjustified, particularly under animal protection rights.

 

Dermal route:

Due to the very low solubility of Stearic acid, esters with methyl α-D-glucoside in aqueous media dermal uptake and systemic availability are considered to be negligible and therefore an assessment of systemic toxicity via this exposure pathway would not be appropriate according to REACH-VO Annex VIII 8.6.1 Column 2. Therefore exposure by oral gavage was considered to be the most appropriate route of exposure for this endpoint.

 

Inhalation route:

Exposure of humans via inhalation is unlikely taking into account the vapour pressure of the substance and/or the possibility of exposure to aerosols, particles or droplets of an inhalable size.

Stearic acid, esters with methyl α-D-glucoside is a solid, which is produced and marketed in the pellets form. Taking this consistence into account the generating of inhalable particles such as dust or aerosols is not significant due to the specific operational conditions. Vaporization is not considerable due to the very low vapour pressure of < 10E-6 Pa. Therefore inhalation is no relevant route of exposure and testing by inhalation is not appropriate according to REACH-VO Annex VIII 8.6.1 Column 2.

Justification for read-across:

Read-across is considered acceptable, based on the structural analogue approach from Isostearic acid, esters with methyl α-D-glucoside to Stearic acid, esters with methyl α-D-glucoside.

Stearic acid, esters with methyl α-D-glucoside is a reaction product of Methyl glucoside with Stearic acid, a linear saturated mainly C18 fatty acid whereas for Isostearic acid, esters with methyl α-D- glucoside the branched Isostearic acid is used. Composition of chain length is very similar; more than 90 % of the fatty acids have a carbon number of 18, with some chain length distribution between C16 and C20.

The main components of Isostearic acid are mono- and poly branched C18 fatty acids, in which the branching occurs mainly medium-chained, mostly methylenic, which accounts for its good biodegradability. However, a defined structure of isostearic acid does not exist.

The reaction leads to a fatty acid ester in which the four OH-groups of glucose are partially esterified.

Due to its esterification with the branched Isostearic acid, isostearate is more hydrophobic than the sesquistearate.

Stearic acid, esters with methyl α-D-glucoside is composed of Methylglucoside (2.4 %), Methyl glucoside ester (approx. 78 % mono-, di-, tri-, and tetraester (mainly di, and triester)) and of approx. 19 % free fatty acids. Whereas Isostearic acid, esters with methyl α-D-glucoside is composed of Methylglucoside (4 %), Methyl glucoside ester (approx. 83 % mono-, di-, and triester (mainly diester)) and of approx. 13 % free fatty acids.

Likewise intrinsic toxicological properties of Stearic acid, esters with methyl α-D-glucoside and Isostearic acid, esters with methyl α-D-glucoside are proven for acute oral toxicity, skin and eye irritation, skin sensitization and genmutation in bacteria. The read-across substance Isostearic acid, esters with methyl α-D-glucoside, containing branched chains, is considered to be more critical in its toxicological impacts and can be understood as a worst case in this analogue approach. However, no intrinsic toxicological property leading to an intrinsic health hazard could be identified for the Isostearic acid, esters with methyl α-D-glucoside.

In conclusion this structural analogue approach is scientifically justified by close similarities of structural aspects and physico-chemical properties and finally the comparable harmless toxicological profile of both substances.


Justification for selection of repeated dose toxicity via oral route - systemic effects endpoint:
Data from GLP compliant sub-acute study according to OECD guideline 422 (RL1) is available for the read-across substance Isostearic acid, esters with methyl α-D-glucoside.

Justification for classification or non-classification

Data from a sub-acute oral repeat dose study performed with the read across substance Isostearic acid, esters with methyl α-D-glucoside according to OECD guideline 422 are available. The findings noted at 1000 mg/kg were not considered adverse and were without corroborative findings; a No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) of 1000 mg/kg body weight/day was established. In conclusion no classification according to Directive 67/548/EEC criteria is warranted.

With regard to GHS Regulation EC No 1272/2008 classification requirements for STOT repeat dose, the observed effects do not support a classification [GHS § 3.9.2.8].