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EC number: 204-625-1 | CAS number: 123-41-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Additional information
General consideration
The ecotoxicological potential of Choline hydroxide was not investigated experimentally. In order to fulfil all relevant endpoints, read-across is intended to Choline chloride (CAS 67-48-1). The substances possess a great structural similarity and therefore it is obvious that the physico-chemical, toxicological and ecotoxicological properties are likely to be similar. For a detailed justification and further information about this procedure, please refer to the separate read-across statement (Chemservice S.A., 2013).
The aquatic toxicity of the read-across substance Choline chloride was investigated experimentally towards all required trophic levels (fish, invertebrate and algae) and microorganisms. Based on the good water solubility of the test substance, no solvents, pretreatments and/or other adaptions had to be taken into account.
Information concerning toxicity towards any other aquatic organisms is not available. However, these are no mandatory requirements in accordance to REACH Regulation (EC) 1907/2006.
Toxicity to fish
The freshwater fish Leuciscus idus was exposed to Choline chloride for 96 hours (BASF AG, 1988). The experiment was conducted equivalent to the German Guideline DIN 38412 (1982). After a range-finding study (LC50(96h) > 10000 mg/L), two concentration were fixed as followed: 5000 mg/L and 10000 mg/L. The concentrations exceeded the normal upper limit for acute studies because it was the aim to test higher concentrations for classification of hazards to water. The LC50(96h) was determined to be > 10000 mg/L and the NOEC(96h): 10000 mg/L. Based on the chemical safety assessment (CSA), long-term testing for fish is not triggered since the obtained results indicate that Choline chloride is not toxic even at the highest concentration tested. This endpoint is waived in accordance to REACH, Annex IX, Section 9.1.6, column 2.
Toxicity to invertebrates
Daphnia magna was used as test organism in two different experiments in order to investigate the short- as well as the long-term toxicity of the read-across substance Choline chloride. The short-term experiment was conducted according to EU Method C.2. (1984; BASF AG, 1988). Test concentrations were chosen as followed: 0 (control), 31.25, 62.50, 125, 250 and 500 mg/L. Four replicates of each concentration were included. No toxicity was observed even at the highest concentration tested. Therefore, the final results were reported as: EC0(48h): 125 mg/L, EC50(48h) ≥ 500 mg/L and EC100(48h) ≥ 500 mg/L.
Long-term results are reported for Choline chloride from the Ministry of Environment (MOE) Japan (1999) as followed: LC50(21d) > 95.50 mg/L (parental mortality), EC50(21d): 58.9 mg/L (95 % CL: 37.7 - 83.7 mg/L), NOEC(21d): 30.2 mg/L and LOEC(21d): 95.5 mg/L. This experiment was conducted according to OECD Guideline 211 and the test concentrations were chosen as 0, 3.2, 10, 32 and 100 mg/L.
Toxicity to algae
BASF AG (1989) investigated the toxicity towards algae of Choline chloride according to the German guideline DIN 38412 L9. Scenedesmus subspicatus was used as test organism. Test concentrations were chosen as followed: 0 (control), 10, 25, 50, 100, 250 and 500 mg/L.
All EC50 values based on growth rate as well as on biomass, are > 500 mg/L. This applies for exposure durations of 72 h as well as of 96 h.
Toxicity to microorganisms
The toxicity of Choline chloride towards Pseudomonas putida was investigated according to German standard DIN 38412 Part 8 (BASF AG, 2003). The test concentrations were 0 (control), 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 mg/L and the following results were obtained: EC10(17h): 112.90 mg/L, EC50(17h): 132.80 mg/L and EC90(17h): 278.20 mg/L, respectively.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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