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EC number: 264-439-1 | CAS number: 63741-10-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Freshwater Alga and Cyanobacteria, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- The batch of Disperse Brown 27 (4852-1501) tested was a brown powder with a purity of 99.7 %
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- 2mL samples were taken at t=0, t=24h and t=72h
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Details on test solutions:
- The batch of Disperse Brown 27 tested was a brown powder with a purity of 99.7 % and the item was not completely soluble in test medium at the concentrations tested. No correction was made for the purity/composition of the test item.
Preparation of test solutions started with a loading rate of 100 mg/L applying a 3- day period of magnetic stirring to ensure maximum dissolution of the test item in medium. The obtained mixture was filtered through a 0.45 μm membrane filter (RC55, Whatman). The resulting SS was used as the highest test concentration. Lower test concentrations for the range-finding test were prepared by subsequent dilutions of the SS in test medium. All test solutions were clear and colorless at the end of the preparation procedure. After preparation, volumes of 50 mL were added to each replicate of the respective test concentration. Subsequently, 1 mLof an algal suspension was added to each replicate providing a cell density of 104 cells/mL. - Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- strain: NIVA CHL 1
Source: In-house laboratory culture.
This system is a unicellular algal species sensitive to toxic items in the aquatic ecosystem and has been selected as an internationally accepted species. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- other:
- Remarks:
- Milli-RO water
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Hardness:
- 0.24 mmol/L (24 mg CaCO3/L)
- Test temperature:
- 22-23 °C (21-24 °C constant within 2 °C, as outlined in study plan)
- pH:
- 8.1 ± 0.2, pH recorded at the beginning and the end of the test. The pH was generally within the limits prescribed by the study plan (6.0-9.0, preferably not varying by more than 1.5 unit).
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.085 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- > 0.085 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC20
- Effect conc.:
- > 0.085 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 0.085 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.085 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- cell number
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- > 0.085 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- cell number
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC20
- Effect conc.:
- > 0.085 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- cell number
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 0.085 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- cell number
- Details on results:
- The EC50 for growth rate (72h-ERC50) and yield inhibition (72h-EYC50) was beyond the range tested, i.e. exceeded a TWA concentration of 0.085 μg/L. The 72h-NOEC for both growth rate and yield inhibition was 0.085 μg/L. Due to the very low solubility of Disperse Brown 27 in water, concentration levels that might be toxic for algae could not be reached.
No significant differences were recorded between the values for growth rate or yield at the limit concentration when compared to the control group.
Microscopic observations at the end of the test revealed a normal and healthy appearance of the algal cells exposed to the limit concentration when compared to the control. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- In conclusion, under the conditions of the present study with Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, no inhibition of growth rate or inhibition of yield was recorded at any of the concentrations of Disperse Brown 27 tested. The EC50 for growth rate (72h-ERC50) and yield inhibition (72h-EYC50) was beyond the range tested, i.e. exceeded a TWA concentration of 0.085 μg/L. The 72h-NOEC for both growth rate and yield inhibition was 0.085 μg/L. Due to the very low solubility of Disperse Brown 27 in water, concentration levels that might be toxic for algae could not be reached.
- Executive summary:
The batch of Disperse Brown 27 tested was a brown powder with a purity of 99.7 % and the item was not completely soluble in test medium at the concentrations tested. A Saturated Solution (SS) was prepared at a loading rate of 100 mg/L and used as the highest concentration. Lower concentrations were prepared by diluting the highest concentration in test medium.
A final test was performed as a limit test, based on the results of a preceding combined limit/range-finding test. Six exponentially growing algal cultures were exposed to an untreated control and to the undiluted SS. The initial algal cell density was 104 cells/mL. The total exposure period was 72 hours and samples for analytical confirmation of actual exposure concentrations were taken at the start, after 24 and 72 hours of exposure.
Analysis of the samples taken from the limit concentration at the start of the test showed an actual concentration was 0.203 μg/L. The measured concentration decreased below the limit of detection of the analytical method at the end of the test. The calculated Time Weight Average concentration (TWA) was 0.085 μg/L.
The study met the acceptability criteria prescribed by the study plan and was consideredvalid.
The effect parameters obtained in this study are as follows. Growth rate and yield NOEC (0.085 µg/L), EC10 (>0.085* µg/L), EC20 (>0.085* µg/L), EC50 (>0.085* µg/L). Note * states 95% confidence intervals could not be calculated.
Due to the very low solubility of Disperse Brown 27 in water, concentration levels that might be toxic for algae could not be reached.
Reference
Description of key information
In conclusion, under the conditions of the present study with Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, no inhibition of growth rate or inhibition of yield was recorded at any of the concentrations of Disperse Brown 27 tested. The EC50 for growth rate (72h-ERC50) and yield inhibition (72h-EYC50) was beyond the range tested, i.e. exceeded a TWA concentration of 0.085 μg/L. The 72h-NOEC for both growth rate and yield inhibition was 0.085 μg/L. Due to the very low solubility of Disperse Brown 27 in water, concentration levels that might be toxic for algae could not be reached.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
In conclusion, under the conditions of the present study with Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, no inhibition of growth rate or inhibition of yield was recorded at any of the concentrations of Disperse Brown 27 tested. The EC50 for growth rate (72h-ERC50) and yield inhibition (72h-EYC50) was beyond the range tested, i.e. exceeded a TWA concentration of 0.085 μg/L. The 72h-NOEC for both growth rate and yield inhibition was 0.085 μg/L. Due to the very low solubility of Disperse Brown 27 in water, concentration levels that might be toxic for algae could not be reached.
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