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EC number: 235-166-5 | CAS number: 12108-13-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to fish
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2010-02-01-2010-02-19
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP study conducted in accordance with OECD No. 203 without deviation.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
- - Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: 0.10, 0.18, 0.32, 0.56 and 1.0 mg/l
- Sampling method: 2 ml from the approximate center of the test vessel
- Frequency: at the start of the test and after 72 hours from the freshly prepared solutions; at the first renewal (t=24h) and the end of the test from the 24-hour old solutions
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: not applicable, samples were analysed on the day of sampling. - Vehicle:
- yes
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: preparation of test solutions started with stock solutions in acetone at a factor of 10,000 higher than the final test concentrations. Volumes of 100 µl of the respective stocks were added per litre of test medium and stirred one day in a closed vessel with minimal headspace. The final test solutions were all clear and colourless.
- Eluate:
- Differential loading: 0.32 g fish/litre, i.e. 7 fish per 6 litres
- Controls: test medium without test substance but containing acetone as used for the stock solutions (solvent control)
- Chemical name of vehicle (organic solvent, emulsifier or dispersant): acetone
- Concentration of vehicle in test medium (stock solution and final test solution(s) including control(s)):
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc): no undissolved material - Test organisms (species):
- Cyprinus carpio
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Carp
- Strain: Cypirinus carpio, Teleostei, Cyprinidae
- Source: Zodiac, proefacc, 'De Haar Vissen', Wageningen University and Research Centre, The Netherlands
- Age at study initiation:
- Length at study initiation: 2.2 ± 0.1 cm
- Weight at study initiation: 0.27 ± 0.04g
- Method of breeding: F1 from a single parent-bred in UV-treated water
- Feeding during test: no feeding from 24 hours prior to the test and during the total test period
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: at least 12 days after delivery
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): yes
- Type and amount of food: pelleted fish food
- Feeding frequency: daily
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): in the batch of fish used for the test, mortality during the seven days prior to the start of the test was less than 5%
QUARANTINE (wild caught)
Not applicable - Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- None. The surviving fish were killed at the end of the test.
- Hardness:
- 180 mg CaCO3.
- Test temperature:
- 21°C.
- pH:
- 7.
- Dissolved oxygen:
- Between 6-9.0 mg/l
- Salinity:
- -
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- See table 1.
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 6.5 litres, all-glass, containing 6 litres of test solution
- Type (delete if not applicable): closed
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: minimal headspace
- Aeration: the test medium was not aerated during the test
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): daily
- No. of organisms per vessel: 7 fish per concentration
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates):
- No. of vessels per control (replicates):
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates):
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: adjusted ISO medium, formulated using RO-water (tap-water purified by reverse osmosis; GEON Waterbehandeling, Berkel-Enschot, The Netherlands)
- Culture medium different from test medium:
- Intervals of water quality measurement: pH, nitrate and ammonia concentration: once a week.
- Temperature: every day. In addition, pH and temperature were measured before transferring the fish to the test system.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: not necessary
- Photoperiod: 16 hours photoperiod daily
- Light intensity: at low light intensity
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Range finding study
- Test concentrations: 0.1, 1.0 and 10 mg/l
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: yes. In the range-finding test there was already 100% mortality at 1.0 mg/l, therefore the concentrations used in the definitive test did not surpass 1.0 mg/l. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Pentachlorophenol (PCP)
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 0.21 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: 0.16-0.28 mg/l
- Details on results:
- - Behavioural abnormalities: none
- Other biological observations: clinical effects were limited to effects on swimming behaviour
- Mortality of control: no
- Other adverse effects control: none
- Abnormal responses: -
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: no
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: no, solubility of mmt was 10 mg/l - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid? Yes, the LC50 for carp exposed to PCP was within the range of 0.10 and 0.46 mg/l, values which are based on the historical data of NOTOX
- Mortality: yes, 100% mortality at the second concentration tested (0.22 mg/l)
- LC50: 0.15 mg/l C.I. 0.10-0.22 mg/l - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The LC50 could not be determined using the maximum likehood estimation method with the probits of the percentages of dead fish as function of the logarithms of the corresponding concentrations. This was because there was no concentration between the highest concentration (A) at which 100% mortality and the lowest concentration (B) at which 0% mortality occurred. Instead, the LC50 was calculated as (AB)^1/2, with A and B being limits of the 95% C.I.
- Sublethal observations / clinical signs:
Table 2 – Incidence of mortality and total mortality during the range-finding test
Concentration
mmt (mg/l)
Initial number
of fish
Cumulative mortality
Total mortality
(%)
21/4h
24h
48h
72h
96h
0.1
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.0
3
0*
3
3
3
3
100
10
3
3
3
3
3
3
100
*Fish were all dead at the end of the day (~6hours)
Table 3 – Incidence of mortality and total mortality during the final test
Concentration
mmt (mg/l)
Initial number
of fish
Cumulative mortality
Total mortality
(%)
33/4h
24h
48h
72h
96h
Control
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.09
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.16
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.28
7
2
7
7
7
7
100
0.49
7
5
7
7
7
7
100
0.81
7
5
5
6
7*
7
100
*The last fish was euthanized for humane reasons and treated as having died in the test based on the Dutch Act on Animal Experimentation (Feb.1997) and the OECD guideline on humane endpoints (ENV/JM/MOONO/(2000)7).
Table 4 – Clinical effects observed during the final test
Concentration
mmt (mg/l)
Time of recording
(hours)
Specification of effects
Relative
number
Control, 0.09
0-96
No abnormalities
7/7
0.16
3 ¾
Swimming at the surface with loss of righting reflex
7/7
0.28
3 ¾
Swimming at the surface with loss of righting reflex
5/5
0.49
3 ¾
Swimming at the surface with loss of righting reflex
2/2
0.81
3 ¾-24
48
72
Swimming at the surface with loss of righting reflex
Swimming at the surface with loss of righting reflex
Swimming at the surface with loss of righting reflex
2/2
1/1
1/1
Table 5 – Effect parameters
Parameter
Concentration mmt
(mg/l)
95%- C.I.
(mg/l)
LC0
0.16
-
24, 48, 72, 96h – LC50
0.21
0.16-0.28
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- The negative and positve controls provided expected results. Test conditions were maintained constant throughout the test. The dissolved oxygen concentration was at least 60% of the air saturation value throughout the test (>5mg/l at 22°C)
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of the study, mmt induced no lethal effects in carp at or below an average exposure concentration of 0.16 mg/l (LC0).
The 96h-LC50 was assessed to be 0.21 mg/l based on average exposure concentrations (95% C.I. between 0.16 and 0.28 mg/l). - Executive summary:
The study protocol was based on the OECD Guideline 203 (1992). The protocol was designed to meet the specifications of the EC/440/2008, Part C. 1, 2008, ISO International Standard 7346-2: Semi-static method (19960 and the OECD series on testing and assessment number 23 (2000).
The batch of mmt tested was a clear yellow-orange liquid with a purity >96%. The test material was completely soluble in test medium at the concentrations tested.
Stock solutions in acetone at a factor of 10,000 higher than the final test concentrations were used for spiking. A subsequent stirring period of one day resulted in completely dissolved clear and colorless test solutions.
A definitive test was performed based on the results of a preceding range-finding test. Seven fish per test group were exposed to a control and a nominal mmt concentration range between 0.10 and 1.0 mg/l with a spacing factor of 1.8. The total test period was 96 hours and test solutions were renewed on a daily basis. Samples for analytical confirmation of actual exposure concentrations were taken from the freshly prepared solutions at the start and 72 hours of exposure and from 24-hour old solutions at 24 and 96 hours of exposure.
Analysis of the samples taken from the freshly prepared solutions (t=0 and t=72h) showed that measured concentrations were in agreement with nominal (recoveries 95-109% relative to nominal). The measured concentrations in the 24-hour old solutions decreased on average by 20 to 30% below initial. The average exposure concentrations were calculated to correspond to 0.09, 0.16, 0.28, 0.49 and 0.81 mg/l at the nominal concentrations of respectively 0.10, 0.18, 0.32, 0.56 and 1.0 mg/l.
The study met the acceptability criteria prescribed by the protocol and was considered valid.
mmt induced no lethal effects in carp at or below an average exposure concentration of 0.16 mg/l (LC0). The 96h-LC50 of 0.21 mg/l was based on average exposure concentrations (95% C.I. between 0.16 and 0.28 mg/l). The result was reached after 24 hours of exposure.
Reference
Description of key information
The 96h-LC50 of 0.21 mg/l was based on average exposure concentrations (95% C.I. between 0.16 and 0.28 mg/l). The result was reached after 24 hours of exposure.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water fish
Fresh water fish
- Effect concentration:
- 0.21 mg/L
Additional information
mmt induced no lethal effects in carp at or below an average exposure concentration of 0.16 mg/l (LC0).
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