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EC number: 212-985-6 | CAS number: 901-44-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2016
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 F (Ready Biodegradability: Manometric Respirometry Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 2,2'-Isopropylidenebis(p-phenyleneoxy)diethanol) and bisphenol A concentrations were analytically monitored on several occasions during the test.
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- None
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, non-adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- The inoculum was obtained on 10 November 2015 from the activated sludge of the biological wastewater treatment plant from Mourenx (France, 64) which handles predominantly domestic sewage.
On arrival at the laboratory, the sludge (around 1 L) was centrifuged at approximately 20°C for 10 min at 1000 g. The pellet was re-suspended in mineral medium in order to keep the concentration unchanged with respect to the sample. The inoculum was preconditioned for 48 hours (aeration) prior to the start of the experiment.
Sub-samples of the homogenised sludge were dried in an oven at approximately 105°C and the suspended solids content was determined to be 4.76 g/L prior to use.
The inoculum was not adapted to the test item before the biodegradation test. - Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
- Initial conc.:
- 110 mg/L
- Based on:
- other: Analytically determined
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Details on study design:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- Composition of medium: as described in the OECD 301 guideline
- Additional substrate: none
- Solubilising agent (type and concentration if used): none
- Test temperature: 22.2°C - 22.9°C (min - max)
- pH: 7.3 - 7.8 (min - max)
- pH adjusted: yes/no
- Suspended solids concentration: 30 mg/L
- Continuous darkness: yes/no
TEST SYSTEM
- Culturing apparatus: Respirometer BSBdigi Selutec® where the temperature was monitored over the entire duration of the test using a digital maximum/minimum calibrated thermometer
- Number of test item concentrations: 1 (110 mg/L)
- Number of culture flasks/concentration (medium + inoculum + test item): 2
- Number of abiotic flasks (medium + test item): 1
- Number of respiratory blanks (medium + inoculum): 2
- Number of toxicity controls (medium + inoculum + sodium benzoate + test item): 2
- Number of reference controls (medium + inoculum + sodium benzoate): 2
SAMPLING
- Sampling frequency: D0 and D28 for analytical determination of 2,2'-Isopropylidenebis(p-phenyleneoxy)diethanol) and bisphenol A - Reference substance:
- benzoic acid, sodium salt
- Preliminary study:
- No preliminary study was carried out.
- Test performance:
- All validity criteria were met.
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 5
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (test mat. analysis)
- Value:
- 50
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Details on results:
- CHNS analysis indicated that C, H and O represented 71.7%, 7.7% and 20.6% of the test item (w/w), i.e. an approximative theoretical formula: C18H23O4. ThOD of the test item was 2.32 mg O2 / mg test item. Concentration of 2,2'-Isopropylidenebis(p-phenyleneoxy)diethanol) was 110 mg/L at D0 (i.e. near the water solubility limit, as expected) and around 55 mg/L at D28, suggesting degradation of the substance. Traces of bisphenol A were found at D0 and no bisphenol A remained at D28. Ultimate biodegradation was only 5%. The test item is considered not readily biodegradable.
- Results with reference substance:
- Biodegradation of the reference substance was 95.3% after 28 days incubation.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- not readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- 2,2'-Isopropylidenebis(p-phenyleneoxy)diethanol) is not considered readily biodegradable. Half of the initial compound quantity initially introduced in the reactors disappeared after 28 days. Only traces of bisphenol A were found at the beginning of the test. Bisphenol A was not found in the reactors at the end of the test.
- Executive summary:
The study was conducted in accordance with procedures outlined in OECD Guideline 301F (1992). The ready biodegradability of 2,2'-Isopropylidenebis(p-phenyleneoxy)diethanol) was assessed over a 28 days period. As the test item is a clear solid at 20°C, it cannot be directly added to each test bioreactor. The test item preparation was thus adapted from the "flask method with slow stirring conditions" described in the OECD 123 guideline. As a consequence, additional analytical works were performed in order to confirm the test item concentrations at Day 0 and Day 28 and to confirm ThOD of the substance. In addition, analysis was performed to check Bisphenol A formation over the test period. Indeed, Bisphenol A was hypothesized to be a metabolite of the test item in reason of its structural similarity.
A total of 7 bioreactors were used: 2 each for test item, blank control and reference item control and one for toxicity control. Test item was introduced close to its water solubility limit.
Analysis of the2,2'-Isopropylidenebis(p-phenyleneoxy)diethanol) initial concentrations (110 mg/L) confirmed that it was introduced close to its saturation in water. Test item biodegradation after 28 days was 5%. Biodegradation of the reference item was 97.2%. Biodegradation of the toxicity control was 42.8%. The test item was not readily biodegradable under the conditions of the test as it failed to achieve a transition from 10% to 60% degradation in a 10-day window during the 28 days. The test item was not considered to be inhibitory to the microbial inoculum since the biodegradation observed in the toxicity control bioreactor was not less than 39.6% occurred within 14 days.
Analysis of the2,2'-Isopropylidenebis(p-phenyleneoxy)diethanol) concentration after 28 days incubation with the inoculum showed that around 50% of the initial quantity introduced in the bioreactors had disappeared. Analysis showed a total absence of Bisphenol A at the end of the test.
The definitive test met the validity criteria of the test guideline detailed as follows:
- the difference of extremes of replicate values of the removal of the test item at the end of the test was less than 20%;
- the percentage degradation of the reference compound has reached the pass level by day 14 with 92.3%;
- the biodegradation observed in the toxicity control bioreactor was=25% by day 14 as it was 39.6%;
- the oxygen uptake of the inoculum blank was not greater than 60 mg/L in 28 days as it was 7.6 mg/L;
- the pH values were not outside the range 6-8.5 with min 7.3 and max 7.8
Reference
Table 1: Results of CHNS analysis. Oxygen was back calculated as follows: O = 100 - N - C - H - S.
Component |
Component content (% w/w) |
Mean |
SD |
RSD (%) |
||
Measure 1 |
Measure 2 |
Measure 3 |
||||
N |
<DL |
<DL |
<DL |
NA |
NA |
NA |
C |
72.1 |
71.3 |
71.8 |
71.73 |
0.404 |
0.56 |
H |
8.1 |
7.3 |
7.7 |
7.70 |
0.400 |
5.19 |
S |
<DL[WN1] |
<DL |
<DL |
NA |
NA |
NA |
< DL Nitrogen (0.13%): concentration lower than the Detection Limit of the analytical method
< DL Sulfur (0.79%L): concentration lower than the Detection Limit of the analytical method
NA: Not Applicable
Table 2: Results of NPOC analysis
Test solution |
NPOC concentrations (mg/L) |
Control |
<LD |
Test item |
84.2 |
< DL NPOC (0.44 mg/kg): concentration lower than the Detection Limit of the analytical method
Table 3: Concentrations of 2,2'-Isopropylidenebis(p-phenyleneoxy)diethanol) at D0 and D28 in the inoculated bioreactors
Sample time (days) |
Test solution |
Test item concentrations |
T0 |
Ft |
110 mg/L |
T28 |
Ft1 |
53.0 mg/L |
Ft2 |
58.6 mg/L |
Table 4: Concentrations of bisphenol A at D0 in the inoculated bioreactors
Sample time |
BPA concentration(µg/L) |
Dilution |
Mean |
SD |
RSD (%) |
||
Measure 1 |
Measure 2 |
Measure 3 |
|||||
T0 |
7.0947 |
7.1817 |
6.9697 |
2 |
14.2 |
0.21 |
1.5 |
T0 + 1h30 |
9.6354 |
8.5814 |
8.1354 |
2 |
17.6 |
1.5 |
8.8 |
T0 + 5h30 |
44.9987 |
44.5427 |
44.8606 |
2 |
89.6 |
0.47 |
0.52 |
T0 + 6h30 |
42.6607 |
43.4182 |
43.0045 |
2 |
86.1 |
0.76 |
0388 |
< DL (0.68 µg/L): concentration lower than the Detection Limit of the analytical method
< QL (2.25 µg/L): concentration lower than the Quantification Limit of the analytical method
Table 5: Concentrations of bisphenol A at D28 in the inoculated bioreactor
Test solution |
BPA concentration(µg/L) |
Dilution |
Mean |
SD |
RSD (%) |
||
Measure 1 |
Measure 2 |
Measure 3 |
|||||
Ft1 |
<DL |
<DL |
<DL |
2 |
NA |
NA |
NA |
Ft2 |
<DL |
<DL |
<DL |
2 |
NA |
NA |
NA |
Fb1 |
<DL |
<DL |
<DL |
2 |
NA |
NA |
NA |
Fb2 |
<DL |
<DL |
<DL |
2 |
NA |
NA |
NA |
< DL (1.18 µg/L): concentration lower than the Detection Limit of the analytical method
< QL (3.93 µg/L): concentration lower than the Quantification Limit of the analytical method
NA: Not Applicable
Description of key information
The study was conducted in accordance with procedures outlined in OECD Guideline 301F (1992). The ready biodegradability of 2,2'-Isopropylidenebis(p-phenyleneoxy)diethanol) was assessed over a 28 days period. As the test item is a clear solid at 20°C, it cannot be directly added to each test bioreactor. The test item preparation was thus adapted from the "flask method with slow stirring conditions" described in the OECD 123 guideline. As a consequence, additional analytical works were performed in order to confirm the test item concentrations at Day 0 and Day 28 and to confirm ThOD of the substance. In addition, analysis was performed to check Bisphenol A formation over the test period. Indeed, Bisphenol A was hypothesized to be a metabolite of the test item in reason of its structural similarity.
A total of 7 bioreactors were used: 2 each for test item, blank control and reference item control and one for toxicity control. Test item was introduced close to its water solubility limit.
Analysis of the2,2'-Isopropylidenebis(p-phenyleneoxy)diethanol) initial concentrations (110 mg/L) confirmed that it was introduced close to its saturation in water. Test item biodegradation after 28 days was 5%. Biodegradation of the reference item was 97.2%. Biodegradation of the toxicity control was 42.8%. The test item was not readily biodegradable under the conditions of the test as it failed to achieve a transition from 10% to 60% degradation in a 10-day window during the 28 days. The test item was not considered to be inhibitory to the microbial inoculum since the biodegradation observed in the toxicity control bioreactor was not less than 39.6% occurred within 14 days.
Analysis of the2,2'-Isopropylidenebis(p-phenyleneoxy)diethanol) concentration after 28 days incubation with the inoculum showed that around 50% of the initial quantity introduced in the bioreactors had disappeared. Analysis showed a total absence of Bisphenol A at the end of the test.
In addition, as the substance is not considered readily biodegradable, the likely aerobic biodegradation products of the registered substance were identified via the in silico method EAWAG-BBD Pathway Prediction System. A total of 38 compounds (including the parent substance) were identified. Their P and B properties were also assessed via the use of the in silico tool US EPA EPISUITE (KOWWIN, BIOWIN, BCFBAF); the results indicate that none of the identified compounds are likely to fulfill PBT or vPvB criteria. Consequently, no further biodegradation studies are proposed.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- under test conditions no biodegradation observed
Additional information
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