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EC number: 203-026-2 | CAS number: 102-36-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_ecotoxicological-information.png)
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- documentation insufficient for assessment
- Remarks:
- peer reviewed data cited in EU risk assessment report
- Justification for type of information:
- Due to insufficient reporting of the experimental details, this study was rated with a Klimisch score of 4 (‘not assignable’). As none of the available studies can serve as a key study with a sufficiently detailed reporting justifying a Klimisch score of 1 or 2 for the given endpoint, several independent sources were used in a weight of evidence approach. ‘Using weight of evidence implies that no single study of sufficient quality and reliability exists, and that information from several independent sources is required to be able to reach a conclusion on a particular property of the substance.' (guidance document How to prepare registration and PPORD dossiers, p. 87)
For further details on the justification for the use of data on the hydrolysis product 3,4-dichloroaniline please refer to chapter 13.2. - Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- ISO 8692 (Water Quality - Fresh Water Algal Growth Inhibition Test with Scenedesmus subspicatus and Selenastrum capricornutum)
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- The hydrolysis of 3,4-dichlorophenyl isocyanate is expected to occur faster than within 12 h (Please refer to the expert statement in section 13.) Thus, it is technically not feasible to conduct toxicity tests towards the aquatic species with the test item 3,4-dichlorophenyl isocyanate, as the hydrolysis will take place fully, well before the regular test medium is exchanged. The short-term toxicity towards aquatic invertebrates and toxicity towards algae was therefore investigated using the hydrolysis product 3,4-dichloronaniline.
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Test organisms (species):
- Phaeodactylum tricornutum
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- effective concentration (analysed at the end of test, > 10%)
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 1.1 mg/L
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- After 72 h exposure, an EC50 of 1.1 mg/l (based on growth rate) was obtained for 3,4-dichloroaniline (the main hydrolysis product of 3,4 -dichlorophenyl isocyanate).
- Executive summary:
Kusk, 1992
Concerning the acute toxicity of 3,4-dichloroaniline to aquatic plants (Phaeodactylum tricornutum), a study was performed according to ISO 8692. After 72 h exposure, an EC50 of 1.1 mg/l (based on growth rate) was obtained. For further details please refer to chapter 13.2.
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- documentation insufficient for assessment
- Remarks:
- peer-reviewed in the BUA report
- Justification for type of information:
- Due to insufficient reporting of the experimental details, this study was rated with a Klimisch score of 4 (‘not assignable’). As none of the available studies can serve as a key study with a sufficiently detailed reporting justifying a Klimisch score of 1 or 2 for the given endpoint, several independent sources were used in a weight of evidence approach. ‘Using weight of evidence implies that no single study of sufficient quality and reliability exists, and that information from several independent sources is required to be able to reach a conclusion on a particular property of the substance.' (guidance document How to prepare registration and PPORD dossiers, p. 87)
For further details on the justification for the use of data on the hydrolysis product 3,4-dichloroaniline please refer to chapter 13.2. - Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: DIN 38 412, part 9, 1988
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- shorter test duration; use of glass stoppers instead of metal caps
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- The hydrolysis of 3,4-dichlorophenyl isocyanate is expected to occur faster than within 12 h (Please refer to the expert statement in section 13.) Thus, it is technically not feasible to conduct toxicity tests towards the aquatic species with the test item 3,4-dichlorophenyl isocyanate, as the hydrolysis will take place fully, well before the regular test medium is exchanged. The short-term toxicity towards aquatic invertebrates and toxicity towards algae was therefore investigated using the hydrolysis product 3,4-dichloronaniline.
- Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
- Test organisms (species):
- Desmodesmus subspicatus (previous name: Scenedesmus subspicatus)
- Details on test organisms:
- strain number 8681 SAG
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Test temperature:
- 24 +/- 1 °C
- pH:
- 8.0 +/- 0.3 (initial)
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- nominal: 0.06 - 8.0 mg/L
- Details on test conditions:
- constant light
50% relative humidity - Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 1.5 mg/L
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 6.8 mg/L
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 2.4 mg/L
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 27 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- estimated
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- After 48 h exposure, an EC50 of 27 mg/l (based on growth rate) and 6.8 mg/l (based on biomass) was obtained for 3,4-dichloroaniline (the main hydrolysis product of 3,4-dichlorophenyl isocyanate).
- Executive summary:
Kuehn, 1990
Concerning the acute toxicity of 3,4-dichloroaniline to aquatic plants (Desmodesmus subspicatus, previous name: Scenedesmus subspicatus), a study was performed according to DIN 38 412, part 9, 1988 (deviation: shorter exposure time). After 48 h exposure, an EC50 of 27 mg/l (based on growth rate) and 6.8 mg/l (based on biomass) as well as EC10 values of 1.5 mg/l (based on biomass) and 2.4 mg/l (based on growth rate) were obtained.
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Test procedure in accordance with national standard method with accetable restrictions. Basic data given. Peer-reviewed data from EU-RAR of the hydrolysis product 3,4-dichloroaniline
- Justification for type of information:
- Due to insufficient reporting of the experimental details, this study was rated with a Klimisch score of 4 (‘not assignable’). As none of the available studies can serve as a key study with a sufficiently detailed reporting justifying a Klimisch score of 1 or 2 for the given endpoint, several independent sources were used in a weight of evidence approach. ‘Using weight of evidence implies that no single study of sufficient quality and reliability exists, and that information from several independent sources is required to be able to reach a conclusion on a particular property of the substance.' (guidance document How to prepare registration and PPORD dossiers, p. 87)
For further details on the justification for the use of data on the hydrolysis product 3,4-dichloroaniline please refer to chapter 13.2. - Principles of method if other than guideline:
- national standard method: described in handbook "Degradability, Ecotoxicity and Bioaccumulation; The determination of the possible effects of chemicals and wastes on the aquatic environment (TNO, 1980)"
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- The hydrolysis of 3,4-dichlorophenyl isocyanate is expected to occur faster than within 12 h (Please refer to the expert statement in section 13.) Thus, it is technically not feasible to conduct toxicity tests towards the aquatic species with the test item 3,4-dichlorophenyl isocyanate, as the hydrolysis will take place fully, well before the regular test medium is exchanged. The short-term toxicity towards aquatic invertebrates and toxicity towards algae was therefore investigated using the hydrolysis product 3,4-dichloronaniline.
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- at test start
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Test organisms (species):
- Scenedesmus pannonicus
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Hardness:
- hard
- Test temperature:
- about 20°C
- pH:
- 8
- Dissolved oxygen:
- never less than 70 % of the saturation value
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 4.8 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- After 96 h exposure, a EC50 of 4.8 mg/l and a NOEC of 1.0 mg/l was obtained for 3,4-dichloroaniline (the main hydrolysis product of 3,4 -dichlorophenyl isocyanate).
- Executive summary:
Adema, 1982
Concerning the acute toxicity of 3,4-dichloroaniline to aquatic plants (Scenedesmus pannonicus), a study was performed according to a national standard method (TNO, 1980). After 96 h exposure, an EC50 of 4.8 mg/l and a NOEC of 1.0 mg/l (based on growth rate) was obtained. For further details please refer to chapter 13.2.
Referenceopen allclose all
Since it is not clear whether the results relate to nominal or measured concentrations, the results are interpreted as nominal values.
Description of key information
For 3,4-dichlorophenyl isocyanate no short-term tests on toxicity to aquatic plants are available. Therefore, the short-term toxicity test of the main hydrolysis product 3,4-dichloroaniline with the lowest value is used to draw a conclusion on toxicity to aquatic plants for the parent compound. For further details please refer to chapter 13.2.
In order to fulfill the data requirements a weight of evidence (WoE) approach (REACh Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006, Annex XI Section 1.2) was chosen. This approach is a possible adaptation to the standard information requirements which ‘should be undertaken to maximise the use of existing data and minimise the commissioning of new in vivo testing’ (ECHA Guidance R.7a, 2017, p. 364). The WoE approach serves to reduce or avoid animal testing, which should only be performed as last resort (REACh, article 25). The individual study reports were conducted in accordance with standardized guidelines. The study reports nevertheless show some deficiencies with respect to the comprehensiveness of the presented experimental details. Therefore, a reliability of 1 or 2 and thus adequacy as key study was not assignable for any of the individual studies. Consequently, the studies were assigned a Klimisch score of 4 (according to guidance document R.4, ‘not assignable: studies or data […] which do not give sufficient experimental details […]). Collectively, these experimental studies can be used to conclude on this endpoint and to satisfy the information requirement.
Adema, 1982
Concerning the acute toxicity of 3,4-dichloroaniline to aquatic plants (Scenedesmus pannonicus), a study was performed according to a national standard method (TNO, 1980). After 96 h exposure, an EC50 of 4.8 mg/l and a NOEC of 1.0 mg/l (based on growth rate) was obtained.
Kuehn, 1990
Concerning the acute toxicity of 3,4-dichloroaniline to aquatic plants (Desmodesmus subspicatus, previous name: Scenedesmus subspicatus), a study was performed according to DIN 38 412, part 9, 1988 (deviation: shorter exposure time). After 48 h exposure, an EC50 of 27 mg/l (based on growth rate) and 6.8 mg/l (based on biomass) as well as EC10 values of 1.5 mg/l (based on biomass) and 2.4 mg/l (based on growth rate) were obtained.
Kusk, 1992
Concerning the acute toxicity of 3,4-dichloroaniline to aquatic plants (Phaeodactylum tricornutum), a study was performed according to ISO 8692. After 72 h exposure, an EC50 of 1.1 mg/l (based on growth rate) was obtained.
Conclusion
The EC50 values obtained from these studies are in the same order of magnitude, but differ in exposure time and species (1.0-27 mg/L).
As key values for chemical saftey assessment the EC50 of 4.8 mg/l and a NOEC of 1.0 mg/l (based on growth rate) obtained by Adema, 1982 were chosen, as these values were obtained for a test species similar to those recommended by OECD TG 201 and with an appropriate exposure time.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 4.8 mg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
- 1 mg/L
Additional information
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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