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EC number: 913-635-1 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- no data
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Detailed description of testing procedure, no raw data, published in peer reviewed journal.
- Justification for type of information:
- See attached file
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- data waiving: supporting information
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- no data
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- Laboratory clones
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Remarks on exposure duration:
- In the same publication exposures of 21 days were performed.
- Post exposure observation period:
- n.a.
- Hardness:
- 45.3 mg/L
- Test temperature:
- 18 +/- 1 °C
- pH:
- 7.4-8.2
- Dissolved oxygen:
- measured at saturation
- Salinity:
- n.a.
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- not specified (5-12) test concentrations depending on test material.
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: no data
- Type: open
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: no data
- Aeration: no
- Type of flow-through (e.g. peristaltic or proportional diluter): static
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): no renewal
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates):2
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): no data
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): no vehicle
- Biomass loading rate: no data
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
Lake Superior water. Hardness and metal concentrations reported.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: 16 hr
- Light intensity: 115 ft-c
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: no data
- Justification for using less concentrations than requested by guideline: 5 or more concentrations used
- Range finding study: no data
- Test concentrations: not specified
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 4 136 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- not specified
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: Reported as 1 640 000 µg/L of Na.
- Details on results:
- Two tests were performed. With and without feeding during exposure.
LC50 without feed: 4136 mg/L (reported as 1 630 000 µg/L of Na)
LC50 with feeding: 4590 mg/L (reported as 1 820 000 µg/L of Na). - Conclusions:
- 48 hr LC50 with Daphnia magna= 4136 mg/L
- Executive summary:
Acute toxicity of NaCl to Daphnia magna was tested in a set-up similar to OECD guideline 202. The 48 hr LC50 with Daphnia magna is reported as 4136 mg/L. In the same article results from a study on reproduction and metabolism after 21 days of exposure of Daphnia magna are reported.
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Taken from OECD SIDS (OECD Guideline study)
- Justification for type of information:
- See attached file
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across: supporting information
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- Test Organisms: Daphnia magna, Crustacea
a) Age: 0-24 hours
b) Pretreatment: not described
c) Supplier/Source: Daphtoxkit F. magna from Bio International, The Netherlands - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 2 000 mg/L
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 2 400 mg/L
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- The 96 hr LC50 of calcium chloride to the Daphnia magna was determined to be 2400 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
The 96 hr LC50 of calcium chloride to the Daphnia magna was determined to be 2400 mg/L.
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Peer reviewed publication - no raw data presented.
- Justification for type of information:
- See attached file
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- data waiving: supporting information
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Standard methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Water (APHA), Washington DC
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Details on sampling:
- no data
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Hardness:
- 240 mg/l (without test material)
- Test temperature:
- 11.5 to 14.5 °C - similar to the temperature of the pond from where the Daphnids were collected
- pH:
- 7.2-7.8
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 5.2 to 6.5 mg/l (begining of the study only)
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- exposure concentrations not specified
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 200 ml Beaker containing 100 ml of test solution
- Type (delete if not applicable): open
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 100 ml
- Aeration: no
- Type of flow-through (e.g. peristaltic or proportional diluter): static
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): no renewal
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): not specified
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): not specified - no vehicle used.
- Biomass loading rate:
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: tubewell water filtered and aerated
- Total organic carbon: not specified
- Particulate matter: not specified
- Metals: not specified
- Pesticides: not specified
- Chlorine: 7 (5-10) mg/L
- Alkalinity: 400 (390 -415)
- Ca/mg ratio: 152 mg/l
- Conductivity: not specified
- Culture medium different from test medium: Water was taken from the pool where the Daphnia were collected from.
- Intervals of water quality measurement: begining of test. Begininig of test
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: 7.2-7.8 not specified
- Photoperiod: not specified
- Light intensity:
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : Lethality at 30 min 1,2,4,8,14, 24, 33, 48 h.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: logarithmic
- Justification for using less concentrations than requested by guideline: n.a.
- Range finding study yes
- Test concentrations: not specified
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 48
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Remarks:
- complete immobilisation and no response to gentle agitation
- Effect conc.:
- 874 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: Effect concentration reported for Na only as 343.56 mg/L and adjusted to Na Cl by multiplying with (35.5+23)/23
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 874 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- not specified
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- EC50 and 95% cofidence intervals were calculated using the moving average-angle Method.
- Conclusions:
- While the study is not documented in significant detail, there is no reason to disregard this lowest value reported for acute toxicity to Daphnia magna
- Executive summary:
In this study the toxicity of sodium chloride to Daphnia magna was tested together with a series of other metal salts to investigate correlation of the observed toxicity with relevant descriptors for the metals. The 48 hour toxicity of sodium chloride was reported in terms of the EC50 for immobilisation as 874 mg/l (as 343 mg/L Na+). No NOEC was reported and no raw data was presented that would allow conclusion on a NOEC.
Referenceopen allclose all
Table: Immobility of water fleas during the test
-----------------------------------------------------
Nominal Number of Mean
calcium mobile water immobility
chloride fleas (hours) at test
concentration --------------------- termination
(mg/l) 0 24 48 (%)
----------------------------------------------------
0 10 10 10 0
10 10 10
10 10 10
1000 10 10 10 0
10 10 10
10 10 10
1400 10 10 10 0
10 10 10
10 10 10
2000 10 10 10 3.3
10 10 10
10 9 9
2800 10 0 0 93
10 2 2
10 0 0
4000 10 0 0 100
9 0 0
10 0 0
------------------------------------------------------
- Table: Water parameters of test solution
------------------------------------------------------
Nominal Temperature Oxygen pH
calcium (°C) content
chloride (mg/l)
concentration
(mg/l)
------------------------------------------------------
0 20.0 8.4 8.2
1000 19.9 8.7 8.3
1400 19.9 8.5 8.2
2000 19.9 8.5 7.9
2800 19.8 8.5 7.8
Description of key information
The reaction mass contains c.a. 68% of calcium chloride and 30% of sodium chloride. The EC50 of the reaction mass was defined based on a worst case (i.e. the lowest EC50 of the two constituents was selected to reflect the EC50 of the reaction mass). Accordingly, the EC50 for aquatic invertebrates of the reaction mass of calcium chloride and sodium chloride is 1900 mg/L.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 1 900 mg/L
Additional information
No experimental data are available to assess the short-term toxicity of the reaction mass of calcium chloride and sodium chloride to aquatic invertebrates. Nevertheless, reliable information is available for calcium chloride (CaCl2) and sodium chloride (NaCl). The acute toxicity towards aquatic invertebrates of the constituents of the reaction mass (i.e. CaCl2 and NaCl) is known and the LD50 of the substance can thus be predicted. To this end, the key study assessing the acute toxicity of both compounds identified in the REACH registration dossier was selected.
Results from testing of acute toxicity to invertebrates of sodium chloride have been identified from a series of published studies. Preference has been given to studies which methodology followes or is similar to internationally accepted guidelines. With the exception of one study, the EC50 values for immobility are all > 3000 mg/L. The EC50 of sodium chloride for aquatic invertebrates was derived as the geometric mean of the two studies where animals were exposed for 48 hr: EC50 (Daphnia magna, 48 hr) = (874*4135)^(1/2) = 1900 mg/L. This value is well supported by other experimental data where animals were exposed for 24 hr.
For calcium chloride, seven acute toxicity data are available for Cladocera species. The reference value was selected as the EC50 orginating from the only study conducted according to international guidelines (OECD TG 202) on Daphnia magna following a 48 hr exposure period. Under the conditions of this study the 48-hour EC50 of 2,400 mg/L for Daphnia magna was obtained.
The reaction mass of calcium chloride and sodium chloride contains c.a. 68% of calcium chloride and 30% sodium chloride. The EC50 of the reaction mass was defined based on a worst case (i.e. the lowest EC50 of the two constituents was selected to reflect the EC50 of the reaction mass). Accordingly, the EC50 for aquatic invertebrates of the reaction mass of calcium chloride and sodium chloride is 1900 mg/L.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.