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EC number: 913-635-1 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Long-term toxicity to fish
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- fish early-life stage toxicity
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 1985
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study was non GLP, but followed good scientific practice. The report was detailed for a clear interpretation of the results.
- Justification for type of information:
- See attached document
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across: supporting information
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 210 (Fish, Early-Life Stage Toxicity Test)
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Water samples were collected from that portion of each test chamber located at the median depth of the water column.
- Vehicle:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- Pimephales promelas
- Details on test organisms:
- Fathead minnows and eggs were obtained from the EPA Newton Fish Toxicology Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio.
- Test type:
- flow-through
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 33 d
- Post exposure observation period:
- none
- Hardness:
- Mean = 96.9 mg CaCO3/L
Standard deviation = 8.7 mg CaCO3/L - Test temperature:
- Mean = 25.0 degrees C
Standard deviation = 0.3 degrees C - pH:
- Mean = 7.5
Standard deviation = 0.22 - Dissolved oxygen:
- Mean = 7.6 mg/L
Standard deviation = 0.7 mg/L - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations = Control, 0.25, 0.35, 0.50, 0.70, 1.0, 1.4 g/L
Measured concentrations = < 0.006 (Control), 0.252 g/L, 0.364 g/L, 0.533 g/L, 0.734 g/L, 1.057 g/L, 1.456 g/L - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 500 ml Pyrex test vessel until hatch; 1 liter Pyrex test vessels after hatching
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): 260 ml/hr; One volume addition every 2 hours
- No. of fertilized eggs/embryos per vessel: 35
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16 light: 8 dark
Exposure of fathead minnows was initiated 6 to 12 hours after fertilization and continued 28 days after hatching, giving a total exposure period of 33 days. Through hatching, exposure was maintained in 500-ml chambers. Feeding was initiated in the first day posthatching. For the first 9 days, larvae were fed live, newly-hatched brine shrimp four times per day at 4-h intervals. Beginning on the tenth day, the frequency of feeding was reduced to three times daily. Feeding was terminated 24-hours prior to the end of the experiment. the chambers were cleaned each day of accumulated debris by pipetting.
Organisms were observed daily and test conditions were monitored at about 3-day intervals. - Duration:
- 33 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 252 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Duration:
- 33 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 352 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Duration:
- 33 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 533 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- length
- Duration:
- 33 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 734 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- length
- Duration:
- 33 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 533 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- weight
- Duration:
- 33 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 734 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- weight
- Details on results:
- Survival was assessed on Days 5, 9, 13, 17, 21, 25, 29, and 33. Average survival data at 33 days for nominal concentrations of control, 0.25, 0.35, 0.50, 0.70, 1.0, and 1.4 g/L were 94, 93, 86, 80, 66, 21, and 0%, respectively. Length and weight were also measured in this study, but these endpoints were not as sensitive as the survival endpoint.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Conclusions:
- The 33 day NOEC and LOEC values for NaCl were 252 and 352 mg/L based on survival of early life stage fathead minnows.
- Executive summary:
A 33 day early life stage toxicity test was conducted with fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) and NaCl in a continuous flow-through system. The 33 day NOEC and LOEC values for NaCl were 252 and 352 mg/L based on survival of early life stage fathead minnows. Length and weight of the minnows were also measured in this study, but these endpoints were not as sensitive as the survival endpoint.
Reference
Description of key information
No experimental data are available to assess the long-term toxicity to fish of the reaction mass of calcium chloride and sodium chloride. No reliable information is avaliable for calcium chloride (CaCl2) but experimental studies have been conducted on sodium chloride (NaCl).
The 33-day NOEC value of 252 mg/L for sodium chloride, determined in a continuous flow-through exposure system with early life stage fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas), was selected as reflecting the long-term toxicity to fish of the reaction mass of calcium chloride and sodium chloride.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water fish
Fresh water fish
- Effect concentration:
- 252 mg/L
Additional information
No experimental data are available to assess the long-term toxicity of the reaction mass of calcium chloride and sodium chloride to fish. No reliable information is available for calcium chloride (CaCl2) but experimental studies have been conducted on sodium chloride.
In a non-GLP chronic freshwater fish study using fathead minnows (Klimisch score 2), six concentrations of sodium chloride (and controls) were delivered to early life stage fathead minnows in a continuous flow-through test system for 33 days. The 33-day NOEC and LOEC based on survival were 252 and 352 mg/L sodium chloride, respectively. The 33-day NOEC and LOEC for both length and weight were 533 and 734 mg/L sodium chloride, respectively. This study corresponds to the lowest NOEC value reported for sodium chloride, and this value was thus selected as the key value for this endpoint.
In addition, in accordance with the specific rules for adaptation of standard information requirement and with section 1 of Annex XI of the REACH regulation, a long-term toxicity study on fish does not need to be conducted if there are mitigating factors indicating that aquatic toxicity is unlikely to occur. The substance is a solution of inorganic salts (calcium chloride and sodium chloride) in water that are naturally occurring in aquatic ecosystems. In the aquatic environment, calcium chloride and sodium chloride will dissociate to form calcium, sodium and chloride ions. These ions are ubiquitous in the environment, they are essential constituents to all living organisms and they have been measured extensively in aquatic ecosystems. Sodium and chloride ions originate from natural weathering of rock, from atmospheric transport of oceanic inputs and from a wide variety of anthropogenic sources. Calcium is the most common cation found in surface water. In 1995, a global water quality monitoring was conducted in North America, South-America, Asia, Africa, Europe and Oceania (UNEP, 1995). The mean, 10th-percentile and 90th-percentile of calcium concentrations in 76 rivers were 37.4, 5.1 and 86.5 mg/L, respectively. For waters associated with carbonate-rich rocks, concentrations may reach 30-100 mg.L-1. The mean, 10th-percentile and 90th-percentile of chloride concentrations in 77 rivers were 41.1, 1.1 and 64.8 mg/L, respectively. The mean, 10th-percentile and 90th-percentile of sodium concentrations in 76 rivers were 37.4, 5.1 and 86.5 mg/L, respectively. Based on these data and the composition of the substance, it is evident that aquatic organisms are tolerant to the substance in the 10-100 mg/L range.
Based on the above, the NOEC of sodium chloride (i.e. 252 mg/L) was selected as appropriately reflecting the long-term toxicity to fish of the reaction mass.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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