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EC number: 234-409-2 | CAS number: 12001-85-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 06 April 2018 - 30 May 2018
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Version / remarks:
- Adopted April 13, 2004.
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Guidance document on aquatic toxicity testing of difficult substances and mixtures
- Version / remarks:
- OECD series on testing and assessment number 23, 2000.
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Source and lot/batch No.of test material: A036/99 (Supplier batch number: SCC-1709-0300)
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: 31 August 2018
- Storage condition of test material: At room temperature protected light.
- Treatment of test material prior to testing: None - Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- ZINC ANALYSIS
- Concentrations: Samples for possible analysis were taken from all test concentrations and the control.
- Frequency: 0 and 96 hours.
- Sampling method: Duplicate 4.8 mL from the approximate centre of the test vessels. At the end of the exposure period, the replicates were pooled at each concentration before sampling.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: Samples were stored in a freezer (≤-15°C) until analysis.
TOC ANALYSIS
- Concentrations: Samples for possible analysis were taken from all test concentrations and the control.
- Frequency: 0 and 96 hours.
- Sampling method: Duplicate 40 mL.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: Samples were stored in a refrigerator (2-8°C) until analysis. - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- - Test solution preparation: The test item was added to media at the relevant concentrations (1.0, 10 and 100 mg/L for the combined limit/range-finding test and at 10, 18, 32, 56 and 100 mg/L for the final test) then stirred for 2 days, followed by 1 day settling. WAFs were collected by siphoning and used directly as test concentrations.
- Solution appearance: All test solutions were clear and colorless at the end of the preparation procedure.
- Test media: Adjusted ISO medium.
- Vehicle: None
- Control: Test medium without test item or other additives. - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- - Common name: Giant water flea
- Strain/clone: Straus, 1820
- Source: In-house laboratory culture with a known history.
- Parental daphnids: 2nd to 5th brood originating from healthly stock, more than 2 weeks old and showed no signs of stress.
- Age: < 24 hours
- Feeding during test: No feeding - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Hardness:
- - Breeding media: 180 mg/L expressed as CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 20-21°C
- pH:
- - Test start: 7.6-7.8
- Test end: 7.8-8.2 - Dissolved oxygen:
- - Test start: 9.5-9.7
- Test end: 8.7-8.9 - Salinity:
- Not applicable
- Conductivity:
- Not specified
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- - WAF loading rates: 10, 18, 32, 56 and 100 mg/L
- Details on test conditions:
- - Test vessel: 60 mL, all glass, containing 50 mL solution
- Aeration: No
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration: 4
- No. of vessels per control: 4
- Biomass loading rate: 5 per vessel containing 50 mL of test solution
- Composition of medium: Adjusted ISO medium, prepared in Reverse Osmosis tap water
- Intervals of water quality measurement: pH and dissolved oxygen were measured at the beginning and at the end of the test, for all concentrations and the control. Temperature of medium was measured continuously in a temperature control vessel.
- Adjustment of pH: No
- Photoperiod: 16 hours photoperiod daily
- Effect parameters: Immobility (including mortality) at 24 hours and at 48 hours
RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Test concentrations: 1, 10 and 100 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: Yes - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL50
- Effect conc.:
- 35 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Details on results:
- ACCEPTABILITY
- Effects in control: No daphnids in the control became immobilised or showed other signs of disease or stress, for example discoloration or unusual behaviour such as trapping at the surface of the medium.
- Dissolved oxygen: The oxygen concentration at the end of the test was ≥3 mg/L in control and test vessels.
ANALYTICAL RESULTS
- Zinc: Analysis of the samples taken at the start of the final test showed measured zinc concentrations of 0.49, 0.71, 1.4, 1.7 and 2.9 mg/L in the WAFs at 10, 18, 32, 56 and 100 mg/L, respectively. All zinc concentrations remained stable during the test period and ranged between 94 and 98% of initial at the end of the test.
- TOC: An increase with the loading rate at the start of the test was observed and carbon concentrations slightly decreased during the test period, i.e. to 68-92% of initial. It should be noted that concentrations below 1.0 mg TOC/L are only indicative.
EFFECT RESULTS
- Immobility: After 48 hours of exposure, ≥65% of the daphnids exposed to WAFs prepared at loading rates of 32 mg/L and higher were immobilized. No immobility was observed in the WAFs up to and including 18 mg/L and in the control during the 48-hour test period.
- Conclusion: The 48h-EL50 for Daphnia magna was 35 mg/L based on loading rates (95% confidence interval between 29 and 41 mg/L based on loading rates). - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- Not applicable
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The 48h-EL50-value was calculated using the Spearman-Karber method (without trim) on the percentages of affected daphnids and the logarithms of the corresponding test item loading rates.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The 48h-EL50 for Daphnia magna exposed to Naphthenic acids, zinc salts was 35 mg/L based on loading rates (95% confidence interval between 29 and 41 mg/L based on loading rates).
- Executive summary:
The acute toxicity of naphthenic acids, zinc salts to Daphnia magna was determined to give a 48 -hour EL50 of 35 mg/L based on a water accommodated fraction loading rate (WAF). The acute toxicity of naphthenic acids, zinc salts to Daphnia magna was determined in a GLP-compliant test (Charles River 2018) following OECD guideline 202. The results are considered to be reliable for use.
Reference
Measured TOC Concentrations during the Final Test
Naphthenic acids, zinc salts |
Measured concentrations (mg TOC/L) |
Relative to initial (%) |
|||
As measured |
Corrected2 |
||||
t=0h |
t=48h |
t=0h |
t=48h |
||
Control |
0.40 |
0.61 |
|||
10 |
3.1 |
2.5 |
2.7 |
1.9 |
68 |
18 |
4.1 |
3.3 |
3.7 |
2.7 |
74 |
32 |
7.0 |
6.0 |
6.6 |
5.3 |
81 |
56 |
8.5 |
7.4 |
8.1 |
6.8 |
84 |
100 |
14 |
13 |
13 |
12 |
92 |
1WAF
prepared at the given loading rate
2Corrected
for the control treatment
Measured zinc concentrations during the Final Test
Naphthenic acids, zinc salts |
Concentration dissolved Zn analysed (mg Zn/L) |
Relative to initial (%) |
|
t=0h |
t=48h |
||
Control |
<0.0012 |
<0.0012 |
n.a. |
10 |
0.487 |
0.459 |
94 |
18 |
0.709 |
0.665 |
94 |
32 |
1.36 |
1.30 |
95 |
56 |
1.70 |
1.64 |
96 |
100 |
2.92 |
2.87 |
98 |
1WAF
prepared at the given loading rate. Samples were stored in the freezer
(≤ -15°C) until the day of analysis.
2A
small response was measured. Concentration was below that of the lowest
calibration solution and therefore reported to be < 0.001 mg/L.
n.a. Not applicable.
Number of Introduced Daphnids and Incidence of Immobility in the Final
Test
Time (h) |
Replicate |
Naphthenic acids, zinc salts; Loading rate1(mg/L) |
|||||
Control |
10 |
18 |
32 |
56 |
100 |
||
0 |
A |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
B |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
|
C |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
|
D |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
|
Total introduced |
20 |
20 |
20 |
20 |
20 |
20 |
|
24 |
A |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
B |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
C |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
D |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Total immobilised |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
|
Effect % |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
48 |
A |
0 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
4 |
5 |
B |
0 |
0 |
0 |
4# |
3 |
5 |
|
C |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
3 |
5 |
|
D |
0 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
|
Total immobilised |
0 |
0 |
0 |
13 |
14 |
20 |
|
Effect % |
0 |
0 |
0 |
65 |
70 |
100 |
1WAF prepared at the given loading rate
#Microscopic observation revealed no test item attached to the daphnids
Description of key information
The 48h-EL50 for Daphnia magna exposed to Naphthenic acids, zinc salts was 35 mg/L based on loading rates (95% confidence interval between 29 and 41 mg/L based on loading rates).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 35 mg/L
Additional information
The acute toxicity of naphthenic acids, zinc salts to Daphnia magna was determined to give a 48 -hour EL50 of 35 mg/L based on a water accommodated fraction loading rate (WAF). The acute toxicity of naphthenic acids, zinc salts to Daphnia magna was determined in a GLP-compliant test (Charles River 2018) following OECD guideline 202. The results are considered to be reliable for use.
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