3-(isodecyloxy)propylammonium acetate

Repeated dose toxicity: oral

Administrative data

Endpoint:

short-term repeated dose toxicity: oral

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

from 13.5.2019 to 16.8.2019

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2019

Report date:

2019

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 407 (Repeated Dose 28-Day Oral Toxicity Study in Rodents)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Limit test:

yes

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

3-(isodecyloxy)propylammonium acetate

EC Number:

249-166-8

EC Name:

3-(isodecyloxy)propylammonium acetate

Cas Number:

28701-67-9

Molecular formula:

C13H29NO.C2H4O2

IUPAC Name:

3-[(8-methylnonyl)oxy]propan-1-aminium acetate

Test material form:

liquid

Specific details on test material used for the study:

- Purity: 93.7 %
- Storage conditions: Ambient (21°C to 29°C)

Test animals

Species:

rat

Strain:

Sprague-Dawley

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: In-house bred animals
- Females (if applicable) nulliparous and non-pregnant: yes
- Age at study initiation: 7 weeks
- Housing: Maximumof twoanimals of same sex and group were housed in a standard polypropylene cage(size: L 430 x B 285 x H 150 mm) with stainless steel mesh top grill having facilities for holding pelleted feedand drinking water in water bottle fitted with stainless steel sipper tube. Clean sterilized paddy husk was provided as bedding material
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): Altromin maintenance diet for rats and mice (manufactured by Altromin Spezialfutter GmbH & Co. KG) was provided ad libitumto the animals throughout the acclimatization and experimental period. The contaminant analysis test report of the feed is presented in Annexure 2.
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): Water was provided ad libitum throughout the acclimatization and experimental period. Deep bore-we ll water passed through Reverse Osmosis Unit was provided in plasticwater bottles with stainless steel sipper tubes
- Acclimation period: The animals were acclimatized for a period of five days to experimental room conditions prior to dosingand observed for clinical signs once daily. Veterinary examination and body weight recording of all the animalswasperformed on the day of receipt and on the day of grouping. Ophthalmoscopic examination of all the animals wasperformed on the day of grouping. All the data generated during acclimatization period isnot presented instudyreport but maintained with the study raw data file

DETAILS OF FOOD AND WATER QUALITY:

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 19.6 - 23.2
- Humidity (%): 45 - 65
- Air changes (per hr): 12 to 15
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 hours fluorescent light/ 12 hours dark cycle

Administration / exposure

Route of administration:

oral: gavage

Details on route of administration:

The test item was administered through oral route using stainless steel (gavage) cannula because the peroral intake is the probable route in human.

Vehicle:

not specified

Details on oral exposure:

PREPARATION OF DOSING SOLUTIONS:
- The test item formulations wereprepared daily before dose administration. Required quantity of test itemwasweighed into a clean glass beaker and there by adding little volume of vehicle in to beaker, mixed well with clean glass rod and transferred to a measuring cylinder. This procedure wasrepeated until to ensure entire quantity of test item formulation wastransferred to measuring cylinder. Finally, the volume wasadjusted to the required markin measuring cylinder with the vehicle to get desired concentrations of 5, 15 and 30 mg/mL of test item for low, mid and high dose groups respectively (Table 1 and Table 2).
- The quantity of the test item taken and the volume prepared was varieddepending on the requirement. The exact formulation preparation details wererecorded in the raw data.

DIET PREPARATION
- Rate of preparation of diet (frequency): daily before dose administration
- Storage temperature of food: room temperature (up to 6 hours)

Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

yes

Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

Sampling and analysis of formulations was performed during week 1 and week 4 of the treatment. The samples werecollected in duplicates (5 mL × 2sets) from top, middle and bottom layer from low, mid and high dose concentrations andin duplicates from middle layer from vehicle control.
One set of aliquot of each formulation was analyzed. The second set of samples was discarded, as the analysis results of first set of samples were within the range of 85 to 115% of the nominal concentration and the relative standard deviation (% RSD) is <15%

Duration of treatment / exposure:

The animals were subjected to detailed clinical examinations before initiation of the treatment and at weekly thereafter during the study. These observations were made outside the home cage and at the same time on the day of examination. Signs noted included, but were not limited to, changes in skin, fur, eyes, and mucous membranes, occurrence of secretions and excretions autonomic activity such as lacrimation, piloerection, pupil size and unusual respiratory pattern. Changes in gait, posture and response to handling as well as the presence of clonic or tonic movements, stereotypies (e.g. excessive grooming, repetitive circling) or bizarre behaviour (e.g. self-mutilation, walking backwards).

Frequency of treatment:

The animals were dosed with vehicle and test item formulations once in a day for a period of 28 consecutive days.The test item formulations were stirred continuously by using a magnetic stirrer during sampling and during dose administration.Following the 28 days treatment period, the animals in the recovery groups (G1Rand G4R) was not given any treatment and maintained for 14 days post treatment period and observed for reversibilityor persistence of toxic effects.

Doses / concentrations

Doses / concentrations 1

Dose / conc.:

50 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

Doses / concentrations 2

Dose / conc.:

150 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

Doses / concentrations 3

Dose / conc.:

300 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

No. of animals per sex per dose:

Main groups: 10 (5 Males + 5 females)
Recovety groups: 10 (5 Males + 10 Females)
Total of 35 Males and 35 Females were recieved.

Control animals:

yes

Details on study design:

The selected animals were assigned to vehicle control and different treatment groups as shown in the Table 1. Dose Selection and Justification for Selection The doses of 50, 150and 300 mg/kg body weight wasselected as low (G2),mid (G3) and high dose (G4/G4R) levels for test item 3 (isodecyloxy)propylammonium acetate based on the results obtained from the dose range finding study (Bioneeds Study Number: BIO-TX 3630)

Examinations

Observations and examinations performed and frequency:

CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: during experiment

DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: once daily for clinical signs of toxicicty and twice deaily for mortality and morbidity.

BODY WEIGHT: Individual animal body weights wererecorded on Day 1,before test item administration andat weekly thereafterduring the experiment. Fasting body weight of all surviving animals wererecorded at their scheduled terminal sacrifice.

FOOD CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE:
- Food consumption for each animal determined and mean daily diet consumption calculated as g food/kg body weight/day: Yes
- Compound intake calculated as time-weighted averages from the consumption and body weight gain data: Yes

FOOD EFFICIENCY:
- Body weight gain in kg/food consumption in kg per unit time X 100 calculated as time-weighted averages from the consumption and body weight gain data: No

OPHTHALMOSCOPIC EXAMINATION: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: during 4 weeks of treatment for G1 and G4 group animals; during 6 weeks for revocery group animals (G1R and R4R)
- Dose groups that were examined: high dose group during 4 weeks

HAEMATOLOGY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: from all surviving animals from main groups on say 29 (from all surviving animals from recovery groups on day 43)
- Anaesthetic used for blood collection: Not specified
- Animals fasted: Yes (overnight before blood collection)
- How many animals: Not specified
- Parameters checked in table [No.3] were examined.

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: from all surviving animals from main groups on say 29 (from all surviving animals from recovery groups on day 43)
- Animals fasted: Yes
- How many animals: Not specified
- Parameters checked in table [No.4] were examined.

URINALYSIS: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of urine: from all surviving animals from main groups on say 29 (from all surviving animals from recovery groups on day 43)
- Metabolism cages used for collection of urine: Yes
- Animals fasted: Yes, overnight but water was provided ad libitum during the period
- Parameters checked in table [No.5] were examined.

NEUROBEHAVIOURAL EXAMINATION: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: during week 4 for all the main group animals (G1, G2, G3and G4), during last week (week 6) for recovery group animals (G1R and G4R).
- Dose groups that were examined: Not specified
- Battery of functions tested: home cage observation (convulsions, tremors, palpebral closure), handling observation (resistance, lacrimation, red and crusty deposits around eye, nose and mouth), open field observation (mobiity, gait, arousal, rearing, urination, defecation, stereotypes), sensory, neruromuscular, physiological (rectal temperature), grip strength, locomotor

IMMUNOLOGY: No

Sacrifice and pathology:

GROSS PATHOLOGY: Yes
At the end of treatment (main groups) and recovery period (recovery groups), all surviving animalswerefasted overnight (water allowed) and on the day of necropsy (day 29 for main groups, day 43 for recovery groups), all surviving animals wereweighed and then subjected to necropsy. The animals wereeuthanized by using excess of carbon dioxide asphyxiation followed by exsanguination. The gross pathological examination wascarried out for each rat. Necropsy includedan examination of external surfaces, external orifices, abdominal, thoracic and cranial cavities, organs and tissues. All the surviving animals weresacrificed in a serial block sequence and complete gross pathological examination wasperformed.Rats found dead and moribund were subjected to detailed necropsy.

HISTOPATHOLOGY: Yes
Initially, histopathological examination was carried out on the tissuesfrom the vehicle control (G1), high dose (G4) group animals and from dead or moribund sacrificed animals. The organs and tissue samples as defined in the study plan wereprocessed, embedded in paraffin, cut at a thickness4 to 5micrometers and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The bone marrow smearswere fixed in methanol and stained with Giemsa Stain.Evaluation of spleen, thymus, stomach and skeletal muscle were extended to lower and recovery group animals.

Other examinations:

TISSUE COLLECTION:
The following organs and tissues were collected, trimmed off any adherent tissue, as appropriate. All the tissues mentioned belowfrom all the animalswere preserved in 10% v/v Neutral Buffered Formalin and Modified Davidson’s fixative for eyes and testes.
Eyes, Ovaries,Brain, Lungs, Spinal cord, Prostate gland, Stomach, Esophagus, Duodenum, Urinary bladder, Jejunum, Mesenteric Lymph nodes, Ileum with peyer’s patches,Mandibular Lymph nodes,Caecum,Sciatic nerve,Colon, Bone marrow smear, Rectum, Epididymis, Liver, Aorta, Kidneys, Skin (with Mammary glands in females), Adrenals, Sternum, Spleen, Skeletal muscle, Heart, Thyroid, Thymus, Parathyroid, Seminal vesicles with coagulating gland, Vagina, Pancreas, Trachea, Uterus and Cervix, Salivary glands, Testes, Gross lesion

BONE MARROW SMEAR EXAMINATION
Bone marrow smear (from one femur) was prepared for all the animals at the time of necropsy. Histological evaluation of hematopoietic system and complete blood countwere adequate the characterization of toxicity of hematopoietic system, hencecytological evaluation of the bone marrow not conducted

ORGAN WEIGHTS
The following organs from all animals at the scheduled sacrifices weretrimmed off any adherent tissue and fat, as appropriate and weighed wet as soon as possible to avoid drying. List of the organs weighed: Kidneys*, Thymus Liver Spleen, Adrenals*, Brain, Testes*/Ovaries*, Uterus, Epididymis, Heart, Prostate + seminal vesicles with coagulating glands*: Paired organs were weighed together. Relative organ weights werecalculated against fasting body weight.

Statistics:

The computer printout of the data (in the form of appendix) was verified with the original raw data.After verification, the data was subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS software version 22. Body weight, percent change in body weight with respect to Day 1,feed consumption, FOB parameters (rearing, urination, defecation, excessive grooming, body temperature, foot splay, grip strength andmotor activity), organ weights and ratios, hematological andclinical chemistry estimations andurine analysis parameters (pH, urobilinogen and specific gravity)were subjected to statistical analysis. Data of recovery groups during recovery period was subjected to ‘t’ test.All analysis and comparisons were evaluated at the 95% level of confidence (p<0.05). Statistically significant changes obtained from the aforementioned tests were designated by the superscripts throughout the report as stated below: *: Statistically significant (p<0.05).

Results and discussion

Results of examinations

Clinical signs:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

The detailed clinical examination of animals did not reveal any treatment related changes in low dose group animals (50 mg/kg) in either sex. All the animals from mid dose group (150 mg/kg) revealed treatment related clinical sign like slight salivation in either sex on Day 8, 15, 22 and 28 during detailed clinical examination. The detailed clinical examination of animals revealed treatment related changes like moderate salivation and brown staining around nose in all the surviving high dose group animals on Day 8; additionally wet perineum and dehydration was observed in
few of the high dose group animals on Day 8 and persisted up to the end of treatment period. The animals recovered and were found normal during recovery period.

Mortality:

mortality observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence):

Total mortalities observed at high dose (300 mg/kg/day) was 14 rats (11 rats were found dead and 3 rats were moribund sacrificed.

Body weight and weight changes:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

Treatment related statistical significant decrease in mean body weight was observed on Day 8 in G3, G4 males and on Day 15 in G3 males; treatment related statistical significant decrease in percent change in body weight with respect to Day 1 was noted during Day 1-8 in G3, G4 males and Day 1-15 in G3 males.

Treatment related statistical significant decrease in mean body weight was observed on Day 8 in G3, G4 females and from Day 15 to 28 in G2, G3 and G4 females and treatment related statistical significant decrease in percent change in body weight with respect to Day 1 was noted during Day 1-8 to Day 1- 22 in G2, G3 and G4 females and during Day 1-28 in G3 and G4 females.

Treatment related statistical significant decrease in mean body weight was observed from Day 8 to 28 in G4R males during treatment period and continued up to the end of recovery period on Day 35 and 42 in G4R males and treatment related decrease in percent change in body weight with respect to Day 1 was noted during Day 1-8 to Day 1-42 in G4R males.

Treatment related statistical significant decrease in mean body weight and percent change in body weight with respect to Day 1 was observed on Day 8 and during Day 1-8 in G4R females.

All these changes observed in lower body weight in G3 and G4 groups were associated with lower feed consumption and considered as treatment related.

Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

No treatment related changes in feed consumption were noted in low dose group animals in either sex. However, treatment related statistical significant decrease in feed consumption was observed in G3 and G4 group males during week 1, G3 and G4 females during week 1 and 2 and only in G4 females during week 3 and week 4 of the treatment period. In recovery group animals, treatment related decrease in feed consumption was observed in G4R males during week 1 to week 6 and in G4R females during week 1. The variations observed are considered treatment related as the same was associated with lower body weights.

Food efficiency:

not specified

Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):

not specified

Ophthalmological findings:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

No ophthalmological abnormalities were noted during Week 4 in main group and Week 6 in recovery group animals.

Haematological findings:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

No treatment related changes in hematology parameters were noted.

Clinical biochemistry findings:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

There were no toxicologically significant variations noted in clinical chemistry parameters at all the tested dose groups. However, the following statistically significant variations were noted.
- In main group males, increase in total protein (G3), ALP (G3), cholinesterase (G2, G3), globulin (G3) was noted. In main group females, increase in triglycerides (G4), ALP (G3), potassium (G3), decrease in creatinine (G3) was noted. All the observed variations noted are considered as incidental in the absence of dose responsiveness and the variations could be due to random biological variation.
- In recovery males, increase in triglycerides (G4R), phosphorous (G4R), decrease in total bilirubin (G4R) was noted. The changes observed are considered incidental as the same variations were not observed in other sex.

Urinalysis findings:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

No treatment related changes in urinary parameters were noted. However, statistical significant increase in urobilinogen (G2M) noted was considered incidental in the absence of dose responsiveness.

Behaviour (functional findings):

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

No treatment related neurological/functional abnormalities was observed during neurological/functional examinationinlow dose group animals; slight salivation was noted in all mid dose and high group animals.

Immunological findings:

not specified

Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

Statistically significant decrease in fasting body weight was noted in all test item treated main group females and only in recovery males. The following statistically significant changes were noted in organ weights.
Absolute organ weights: In main group females, decrease in thymus (G3), spleen (G4), uterus (G4), heart (G4), decrease in adrenals (G3, G4) was noted.
Relative organ weights: In main group females, increase in kidneys (G4), brain (G4), liver (G4) was noted. In recovery males, increase in adrenals (G4R), spleen (G4R), epididymis (G4R), heart (G4R), kidneys (G4R), liver (G4R), prostate+ seminal vesicles and coagulating glands (G4R) was noted.
Animals from G4 and G4R group showed atrophy of thymus and spleen, erosion/ulcer of non-glandular stomach and skeletal muscle necrosis which are considered as treatment related. All other differences were not associated with microscopic changes in high dose main group animals at the end of treatment period.

Gross pathological findings:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

Treatment related gross pathological lesions were noted in stomach, thymus and spleen during necropsy at high dose group animals.

Neuropathological findings:

not specified

Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

Animals from G4 and G4R group showed atrophy of thymus and spleen, erosion/ulcer of non-glandular stomach and skeletal muscle necrosis. These lesions considered as treatment related.
- One male animal from vehicle control group showed mononuclear cells in prostate gland. This lesion considered to be spontaneous.
- A presence of ultimobranchial cyst and ectopic thymus in thyroid were congenital lesions and it does not have toxicological significance.

Histopathological findings: neoplastic:

not specified

Other effects:

not specified

Effect levels

Key result

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Effect level:

50 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

Based on:

test mat.

Remarks:

3-(isodecyloxy)propylammnoium acetate

Sex:

male/female

Basis for effect level:

behaviour (functional findings)

body weight and weight gain

food consumption and compound intake

organ weights and organ / body weight ratios

Target system / organ toxicity

1

Key result

Critical effects observed:

yes

Lowest effective dose / conc.:

50 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

System:

other: body weight

Organ:

other: body weight

Treatment related:

yes

Dose response relationship:

yes

Relevant for humans:

not specified

2

Key result

Critical effects observed:

yes

Lowest effective dose / conc.:

300 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

System:

gastrointestinal tract

Organ:

spleen

stomach

thymus

Treatment related:

yes

Dose response relationship:

yes

Relevant for humans:

not specified

3

Key result

Critical effects observed:

yes

Lowest effective dose / conc.:

300 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

System:

musculoskeletal system

Organ:

other: skeletal muscle

Treatment related:

yes

Dose response relationship:

yes

Relevant for humans:

not specified

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

Based on the observed results, the No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) of test item 3-(isodecyloxy)propylammonium acetate is 50 mg/kg body weight/day when administered for a period of 28 consecutive days by oral (gavage) route to Sprague Dawley rats under the test conditions employed.

Executive summary:

The objective of this study was to assess the toxic potential of the test item 3-(isodecyloxy)propylammonium acetate when administered for a period of 28 consecutive days repeatedly by oral (gavage) to Sprague Dawley rats. This study provides information on major toxic effects, target organs, possibility of cumulative effects and also to assess the reversibility of effects (after 14 days recovery period) and an estimate of the No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL). This study was performed in accordance with OECD Guideline No. 407, “Repeated Dose 28-Day Oral Toxicity Study in Rodents” adopted on 03 October 2008.

A total of 60 Sprague Dawley rats (30 males + 30 females) were distributed to 4 main and 2 recovery groups. Each main group and recovery group consisted of 5 animals/sex. The test item was formulated using corn oil. The animals allocated to groups G2, G3 and G4/G4R were administered with 50, 150 and 300 mg/kg body weight/day of test item, respectively through oral (gavage) route for a period of 28 consecutive days. The animals allocated to group G1/G1R received vehicle alone. The vehicle/test item formulations were administered at an equivolume of 10 mL/kg body weight. The animals in the recovery groups (G1R and G4R) was not given any treatment and maintained for 14 days post treatment period and observed for reversibility or persistence of toxic effects.The dose formulation analysis results were found within the acceptable range of 85% to 115% of the nominal concentration during Week 1 and Week 4. All animals were observed once daily for clinical signs and twice daily for mortality; weekly for detailed clinical examination, body weight and feed consumption; ophthalmoscopic examination was performed during acclimatization and during week 4 formain groups (G1 and G4) and during week 6 for recovery groups (G1R and G4R). Functional observational battery was performed during week 4 for all main group animals and during week 6 for recovery group animals (G1R and G4R). At the end of treatment and recovery period (day 29 for main group and day 43 for recovery group), blood and urine samples were collected and analysed. Subsequently, all the survived animals were sacrificed and subjected to gross pathological examination and the organs were collected, preserved and subjected to histopathological examination. No clinical signs of toxicity and mortality was observed at low dose group animals (50 mg/kg) in either sex. Treatment related clinical sign of slight salivation was observed from Day 6 post dosing and persisted up to day 28 of the treatment period in either sex at mid dose group animals (150 mg/kg). At (300 mg/kg) high dose group, clinical signs like slight to moderate salivation, porphyrin staining (brown staining around nose), dehydration, wet perineum, tremors and hunched back was observed. Total mortalities observed at high dose (300 mg/kg/day) was 14 rats; 11 rats were found dead and 3 rats were moribund sacrificed [G4M - 4/5, G4RM - 3/5, G4F - 2/5 and G4RF - 5/5]. No treatment related changes were observed in low dose group animals (50 mg/kg) in either sex, treatment related clinical sign like slight salivation was observed in all mid dose group animals (150 mg/kg) in either sex on Day 8, 15, 22 and 28 during detailed clinical examination.

The detailed clinical examination of animals revealed treatment related changes like moderate salivation and brown staining around nose in all the surviving high dose group animals on Day 8; additionally wet perineum and dehydration was observed in few of the high dose group animals on Day 8 and persisted up to the end of treatment period. The animals recovered and were found normal during recovery period. Treatment related dose dependent statistical significant decrease in mean body weight and percent change in body weight with respect to Day 1 was observed in mid and high dose groups and also observed in recovery group animals in either sex. Lower feed consumption was observed in low, mid and high dose groups during the treatment period and considered as treatment related. No treatment related neurological/functional abnormalities was observed during neurological/functional examination in low dose group animals; slight salivation was noted in all mid dose and high group animals and no ocular changes were observed during ophthalmoscopic examination. No changes were observed in hematology, clinical chemistry and urinalysis parameters. Decrease in absolute weight of thymus (G3F), spleen (G4F), uterus (G4F), heart (G4F) and adrenals (G3F, G4F) was noted; increase in relative weight of kidneys (G4F, G4RM), brain (G4F), liver (G4F, G4RM) adrenals (G4RM), spleen (G4RM), epididymis (G4RM), heart (G4RM), prostate+ seminal vesicles and coagulating glands (G4RM) was noted. Variations in thymus and spleen were associated with atrophy. No treatment related gross pathological changes were noted at low and mid dose group animals. Treatment related gross pathological lesions were noted in stomach, thymus and spleen during necropsy at high dose group animals. Animals from G4 and G4R group showed atrophy of thymus and spleen, erosion/ulcer of non-glandular stomach and skeletal muscle necrosis which are considered as treatment related.