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EC number: 200-023-8 | CAS number: 50-28-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- Aug to Nov 1996
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: OECD 202: "Daphnia sp., Acute immobilisation test and reproduction test". Part I and ll. Adopted 04 Apr. 1984, OECD, Paris, 1993
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Instead of 10 animals per test vessel and 40 animals per concentration (4 replicates) one animal per test vessel and 10 animals per concentration (10 replicates) were used.
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- SAMPLING SCHEDULE:
- Samples for the concentration analysis of all old test and control solutions were taken on day 8, 15 and 22 in each test and control vessel and poole- Samples for the concentration analysis were taken on days 1, 8 and 15 from all freshly prepared test solutions and the dilution water - Vehicle:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISMS:
- Source: Schering AG, lnstitute for Experimental Toxicology, Berlin (Germany)
- Age: third off-spring of third generation
- Holding: Parent animals kept in glass vessels in water of the same quality and temperature as under experimental conditions
- Daily feeding: laboratory culture of microalgae, e.g. chlorella vulgaris
- Water/Dilution water: Normal tap water, not polluted with harmful concentrations of chlorine, heavy metals or other substances, based on quarterly measurements and in accordance with the German standard "Trinkwasserverordnung" - Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 21 d
- Hardness:
- 111.73-116.92 mg/L CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 19.0-21.0 °C
- pH:
- 7.2-8.8
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 7.8-9.0 mg/|.
- Salinity:
- n.a.
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- The test concentrations were dilutions of a saturated solution by 1:160, 1:80, 1:40 1:20 and 1:10
- Details on test conditions:
- PREPARATION OF THE TEST SOLUTIONS:
- A suspension with a nominal loading of 100 mg/l was stirred for 24 hours and filtered through a glassfibre filter
- Aliquots of the obtained solution were further diluted 1:160, 1:80, 1 :40, 1:20 and 1:10 with tap water in order to prepare the appropriate test concentrations
EXPOSURE CONDITIONS:
- Test vessels: 100 mL test vessel glass filled with 80 ml of the test solutions/dilution water
- Experimental design: 5 test concentration plus 1 control
- Number of test organisms: 10 animals per concentration (10 replicates) were used
- Feeding during the exposure period: daily fed with the microalgae, e.g. Chlorella vulgaris as 0.2 mg carbon per Daphnia
- Photoperiod : 16 h light/8 h dark
- Temperature of incubation unit : mean +/- 1 °C (in the temperature range 18-22 °C), recorded five times a week
- Aeration: none
- Test item concentration : (6.7, 14.0, 30.6, 61.3 and 138.7 µg/L)
- Medium renewal: three times per week
- Criteria of effects: Parent survival, number of off-spring, number of broods and day of first brood was recorded (approx. 3 times/week)
- Hydrographical measurements: Hardness and alkalinity (at start and at the end of the test), pH-value (on day one and weekly), dissolved oxygen concentration (on day one and weekly)
ANALYTICAL MEASUREMENTS (HPLC analysis/UV detection):
- The mean concentrations of the new and old test solutions were used as the basis for the evaluation - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- potassium dichromate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 138.7 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Details on results:
- OBSERVATIONS:
I. Mortality:
- Within the different exposure groups the mean number of off-spring per parent animal varied between 59 and 76 (not strictly exposure-related)
- There is no exposure-dependent pattern in the number of broods However, the highest concentration showed by far the highest number of off-spring
- One Daphnia of the highest test concentration died on day 17 after the third brood
- One Daphnia of the lowest concentration (6.7 µg/L) died on day 13 before breeding due to unknown reasons
- One Daphnia of the 61.3 µ/L concentration died on day 8 before breeding while being transferred into the new solution
- ln two Daphnia of the test concentration 61.3 µg/L no off-spring were observed over the whole exposure time
II. Reproduction (microscopically examination):
- ln one Daphnia there were eggs in the brood pouch which did not hatch
- ln another Daphnia there was no sign of reproduction
- There were no obvious clinical findings explaining the lack of reproduction. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- The culture of Daphnia magna was periodically checked for its sensitivity towards potassium dichromate. The previously obtained EC50 values were between 2.0 and 2.2 mg/L.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The no observable effect concentration (NOEC) for reproduction after 21 days was greater than or equal 138.7 µg/L.
- Executive summary:
The test was performed according to OECD test guideline "Daphnia sp., Acute immobilisation test and reproduction test". Part I and ll. Adopted 04 Apr. 1984, OECD, Paris, 1993". Instead of 10 animals per test vessel and 40 animals per concentration (4 replicates) one animal per test vessel and 10 animals per concentration (10 replicates) were used. The Daphnia were exposed to the test solution and the tap water for a period of 21 days. The test concentrations were dilutions of a saturated solution by 1:160, 1:80, 1:40 1:20 and 1:10 which were selected on the basis of preliminary range-finding tests, where a concentration-related effect in the reproduction was assumed to occur at dilutions higher than or around of 1:10. The test temperature was in the range of 19.0 °C to 21.0 °C. The pH was in a range between 7.2 and 8.8, and the oxygen concentration between 7.8 and 9.0 mg/L. Parent survival, number of off-spring, number of broods and day of first brood was recorded. lmmobilization of parent animals was not affected by the test substance. The no observable effect concentration (NOEC) for reproduction after 21 days was greater than or equal 138.7 µg/L. The slight decrease in the number of broods per animal following the exposure to estradiol is not considered a substance-related effect since it is not concentration-related.
This toxicity study is classified as acceptable and satisfies the guideline requirements for the acute Daphnia study.
Reference
Immobilisation of parent animals was not affected by estradiol. Slight not concentration-related decrease in the number of broods per animal following the exposure to estradiol was observed but not considered as substance related. Within the different exposure groups the mean number of off-spring per animal varied between 59 and 76 (not strictly exposure-related).
Description of key information
The no observable effect concentration (NOEC) for reproduction after 21 days was greater than or equal 138.7 µg/L.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect concentration:
- 138.7 µg/L
Additional information
"Should read: > 138.7 µg/L"
lmmobilization of parent animals was not affected by the substance. The slight decrease in the number of broods per animal following the exposure to estradiol is not considered a substance-related effect since it is not concentration-related.
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