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EC number: 200-848-3 | CAS number: 75-20-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Epidemiological data
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- epidemiological data
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Research publication. Reasonably documented meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Incidence of cancer among workers producing calcium carbide
- Author:
- Kjuus H, Andersen A, Langård
- Year:
- 1 986
- Bibliographic source:
- British Journal of Industrial Medicine 43: 237-242
Materials and methods
- Study type:
- cohort study (retrospective)
- Endpoint addressed:
- carcinogenicity
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline available
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The paper reports a cohort study on mortality and incidence of cancer in workers in a calcium carbide plant
- GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Calcium acetylide
- EC Number:
- 200-848-3
- EC Name:
- Calcium acetylide
- Cas Number:
- 75-20-7
- Molecular formula:
- C2Ca
- IUPAC Name:
- calcium acetylene
- Reference substance name:
- Calciumcarbid
- IUPAC Name:
- Calciumcarbid
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): calcium carbide
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
Method
- Type of population:
- occupational
- Ethical approval:
- not specified
- Details on study design:
- HYPOTHESIS TESTED (if cohort or case control study): Not clearly stated in publication.
METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION
- Type: other: worker information obtained from personnel records; incidence of cancer from cancer registry of Norway
- Details:
STUDY PERIOD:
SETTING:
STUDY POPULATION
- Total population (Total no. of persons in cohort from which the subjects were drawn): 1055
- Selection criteria: adequate employment data; total time of employment (> 18 months); women excluded because of low numbers and absence of relevant occupational exposures
- Total number of subjects participating in study: 790
- Sex/age/race: male; no age or race data included
- Smoker/nonsmoker: both
- Total number of subjects at end of study: 556
- Matching criteria: no information
COMPARISON POPULATION
- Type: National registry
- Details: Cancer registry of Norway
HEALTH EFFECTS STUDIED
- Disease(s): Cancer, classified by site
- ICD No.: 140-207
- Year of ICD revision: unknown: 8th revision
- Diagnostic procedure: not specified - information drawn from registry
- Other health effects: Mortality
OTHER DESCRIPTIVE INFORMATION ABOUT STUDY: The cohort was drawn from those working in 1953; former employees who were no longer working at that date were lost to the cohort as personnel records prior to that date had been destroyed. The workforce was stable: 60% of those employed in period 1953-1969 had been employed for 10 years or more.
Ten occupational categories were defined, and each cohort member was allocated to the category in which he had been employed for the longest time. - Exposure assessment:
- not specified
Results and discussion
- Results:
- EXPOSURE
- Number of measurements: none
FINDINGS
INCIDENCE / CASES
- Incidence/ Number of cases for each disease / parameter under consideration: All deaths: observed: 234, expected: 250-263; all cancer: observed: 92, expected: 76-80
STATISTICAL RESULTS
- SMR (Standard mortality ratio): 0.93
- SIR (standard incidence ratio) all cancer 1.20 - Confounding factors:
- Retrospective smoking information for the total cohort was not available, but a smoking survey was performed in 1977, 59% of 458 subjects were daily smokers, compared with 44% in the general male population for that year.
Asbestos exposure: asbestos had in regular use in the plant.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH): low grade exposure to PAH as from the electrodes used cannot be excluded
Cadmium exposure: another plant in the village has produced cadmium for many years, and interchange of workers between the two plants is traditional - Strengths and weaknesses:
- All those who had worked at the plant should have been eligible for the study, and the preferred cohort formation would be that of an inception cohort, where all participants start their exposure at the time of admission to the cohort. These could not be fulfilled in this study, and the potential bias may have influenced the results.
An uncertain number of former employees were lost to follow up, so both primary and secondary healthy worker effects may have been present. This is not supported by the mortality figures.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Respiratory cancer: SIR 1.15 95% CI** (0.55 -2.11)
Cancer of the colon: SIR 2.09* 95% CI (1.08 -3.66)
Prostate cancer: SIR 1.78* 95% CI (1.16 -2.63)
Stomach cancer: SIR 0.49 95% CI (0.16 -1.4 .14)
* p< 0.05
** CI: confidence interval
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- A study of workers at a single calcium carbide plant showed a decrease in stomach cancer and a significant excess of colonic cancer (standardised incidence ration (SIR) 2.09) and prostatic cancer (SIR 1.56).
- Executive summary:
A study of workers at a single calcium carbide plant showed a decrease in stomach cancer and a significant excess of colonic cancer (standardised incidence ration (SIR) 2.09) and prostatic cancer (SIR 1.56). In view of the confounding factors, the lack of compositional and exposure information, and the lack of any mechanisms, it is not considered that this study is evidence for carcinogenicity. IARC have reviewed these data in consideration of possible carcinogenicity of PAHs and found that they are not classifiable as to their carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3).
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