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EC number: 203-640-0 | CAS number: 109-02-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- test procedure in accordance with national standard methods with acceptable restrictions
- Remarks:
- read across from related substance
- Justification for type of information:
- Read-across from studies available on structural analogue (4-ethylmorpholine). Justification for the read-across approach is included in section 13.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 61.2 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: P 95% = 31.6 to 118.3 mg/L
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 35.3 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Remarks on result:
- other: P 95% = 13.8 to 90.0 mg/L
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 291.2 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: P 95% = 113.5 to 747.4 mg/L
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 143 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Remarks on result:
- other: P 95% = 57.1 to 358.0 mg/L
- Conclusions:
- No reliable data is available with the target substance. Data generated with the related substance 4-ethylmorpholine was used for endpoint coverage. Short-term toxicity of 4-ethylmorpholine to algae was investigated by exposing Desmodesus subspicatus during 96 hours in a static test, according to the German Industrial Standard DIN 38412, part 9. This resulted in an EC50(96h) value of 291.2 mg/L and an EC10 (96h) of 61.2 mg/L, both based on growth rate. The same is assumed to be correct for the target substance.
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- No data
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- test procedure in accordance with national standard methods with acceptable restrictions
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: German Industrial Standard DIN 38412, part 9
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): 4-Ethylmorpholin
- Substance type: pure active substance
- Physical state: liquid
- Analytical purity: 99.5% - Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- Desmodesmus subspicatus (previous name: Scenedesmus subspicatus)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Strain: SAG 86.81 - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Test temperature:
- 21 to 25 °C (constant within 2 °C)
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- nominal: 0 (control), 10, 25, 50, 100, 250, and 500 mg/l
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Type (delete if not applicable): open / closed
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume:
- Aeration:
- Type of flow-through (e.g. peristaltic or proportional diluter):
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate):
- Initial cells density:
- Control end cells density:
- No. of organisms per vessel:
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates):
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): 4
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water:
- Total organic carbon:
- Particulate matter:
- Metals:
- Pesticides:
- Chlorine:
- Alkalinity:
- Ca/mg ratio:
- Conductivity:
- Culture medium different from test medium:
- Intervals of water quality measurement:
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: yes/no
- Adjustment of pH:
- Photoperiod:
- Light intensity and quality:
- Salinity (for marine algae):
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Determination of cell concentrations: photometric determination (pulse-fluorimeter, chlorophyll fluorescence) after 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h
- Chlorophyll measurement: yes
- Other: pH
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations:
- Justification for using less concentrations than requested by guideline:
- Range finding study
- Test concentrations:
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 61.2 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: P 95% = 31.6 to 118.3 mg/L
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 35.3 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Remarks on result:
- other: P 95% = 13.8to 90.0 mg/L
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 291.2 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: P 95% = 113.5 to 747.4 mg/L
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 143 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Remarks on result:
- other: P 95% = 57.1 to 358.0 mg/L
- Details on results:
- The following 72h results were obtained, all based on nominal concentration and expressed as test material:
EC10 growth rate: 131.7 mg/L (P 95% = 4.3 to > 500 mg/L)
EC10 biomass: 162.2 mg/L (P 95% = 69.9 to 376.1 mg/L)
EC50 growth rate: 583.7 mg/L (P 95% = 2.2 to > 500 mg/L)
EC50 biomass: 270.7 mg/L (P 95% = 101.0 to 725.8 mg/L) - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The EC values were calculated according to Tallarida and Jacob (1979) from the concentration-response relationship
Tallarida RJ and Jacob LS (1979). The Dose-Response Relation in Pharmacology. Springer-Verlag Publishers, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 98-103. - Conclusions:
- Short-term toxicity of 4-ethylmorpholine to algae was investigated by exposing Desmodesmus subspicatus during 96 hours in a static test, according to the German Industrial Standard DIN 38412, part 9. This resulted in an EC50(96h) value of 291.2 mg/L and an EC10(96h) of 61.2 mgL, both based on growth rate.
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 2003
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- According to the SIAR presented at SIAM 21 (Oct 2005), at the concentration of 53 mg/L aggregation of algal cells occurred partially, and at the highest concentration of 80 mg/L it was observed heavily. Therefore the growth rate based on cell counts measured using a particle counter should be incorrect. The formation of cell aggregates was not observed at the BASF study even at much higher test item concentrations. Therefore, we grade the Japanese study with reliability 4. It cannot be excluded that effects observed in the Japanese study were (partly) caused by inexplicable physical effects rather than by intrinsic properties of the chemical.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- See "Remarks on result"
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): 4-ethylmorpholine
- Molecular formula (if other than submission substance): C6H13NO
- Molecular weight (if other than submission substance): 115.18
- Analytical purity: 99.9%
Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material:
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
- Melting point: -63°C
- Boiling point: 140 °C
- Water solubility (under test conditions): high - Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations:control, 10.0, 15.0, 23.0, 35.0, 53.0 and 80.0 mg/L
- Sampling method:
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: - Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- not specified
- Test temperature:
- 23°C ± 1°C
- pH:
- 8.0-8.9
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:100 mL medium in a 300mL Erlenmeyer flask with a ventilative silicon cap.
- Type (delete if not applicable): open / closed
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume:
- Aeration:
- Type of flow-through (e.g. peristaltic or proportional diluter):
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate):
- Initial cells density:
- Control end cells density:
- No. of organisms per vessel:
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates):
- No. of vessels per control (replicates):
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates):
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes/no
- Detailed composition if non-standard medium was used:
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water:
- Total organic carbon:
- Particulate matter:
- Metals:
- Pesticides:
- Chlorine:
- Alkalinity:
- Ca/mg ratio:
- Conductivity:
- Culture medium different from test medium:
- Intervals of water quality measurement:
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: yes/no
- Adjustment of pH:
- Photoperiod:
- Light intensity and quality:
- Salinity (for marine algae):
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Determination of cell concentrations: [counting chamber; electronic particle counter; fluorimeter; spectrophotometer; colorimeter]
- Chlorophyll measurement:
- Other:
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations:
- Justification for using less concentrations than requested by guideline:
- Range finding study
- Test concentrations:
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- potassium dichromate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 53 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- not specified
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other:
- Remarks:
- According to the SIAR presented at SIAM 21 (Oct 2005), at the concentration of 53 mg/L aggregation of algal cells occurred partially, and at the highest concentration of 80 mg/L it was observed heavily. Therefore the growth rate based on cell counts measured using a particle counter should be incorrect. The formation of cell aggregates was not observed at the BASF study even at much higher test item concentrations. Therefore, we grade the Japanese study with reliability 4. It cannot be excluded that effects observed in the Japanese study were (partly) caused by inexplicable physical effects rather than by intrinsic properties of the chemical.
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 23 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- not specified
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other:
- Remarks:
- According to the SIAR presented at SIAM 21 (Oct 2005), at the concentration of 53 mg/L aggregation of algal cells occurred partially, and at the highest concentration of 80 mg/L it was observed heavily. Therefore the growth rate based on cell counts measured using a particle counter should be incorrect. The formation of cell aggregates was not observed at the BASF study even at much higher test item concentrations. Therefore, we grade the Japanese study with reliability 4. It cannot be excluded that effects observed in the Japanese study were (partly) caused by inexplicable physical effects rather than by intrinsic properties of the chemical.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid?
- EC50: 0.43 mg/L
- Other: - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- a) Data Analysis: Inhibition rates were based on growth rate inhibition. Probit method for EC50 if applicable. 1-way ANOVA and Dunnett's method for NOEC.
b) Method of Calculating Mean Measured Concentrations (i.e. arithmetic mean, geometric mean, etc.): Not used - Conclusions:
- The study is considered as Klimisch 4 (not assignable). According to the SIAR presented at SIAM 21 (Oct 2005), at the concentration of 53 mg/L aggregation of algal cells occurred partially, and at the highest concentration of 80 mg/L it was observed heavily. Therefore the growth rate based on cell counts measured using a particle counter should be incorrect. The formation of cell aggregates was not observed at the BASF study even at much higher test item concentrations. Therefore, we grade the Japanese study with reliability 4. It cannot be excluded that effects observed in the Japanese study were (partly) caused by inexplicable physical effects rather than by intrinsic properties of the chemical.
Referenceopen allclose all
Cell density values (cells * 10^3/ml):
Concentration (mg/l) |
0 h |
24 h |
48 h |
72 h |
96 h |
0 |
12 |
25 |
68 |
265 |
873 |
10 |
12 |
23 |
79 |
243 |
843 |
25 |
12 |
22 |
81 |
262 |
812 |
50 |
12 |
22 |
85 |
270 |
753 |
100 |
12 |
22 |
73 |
210 |
503 |
250 |
12 |
21 |
51 |
107 |
208 |
500 |
12 |
13 |
19 |
22 |
23 |
Inhibition of growth rate and biomass after 72 and 96 h:
Concentration (mg/l) |
Inhibition (%) |
|||
Growth rate |
Biomass |
|||
72 h |
96 h |
72 h |
96 h |
|
0 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
10 |
2.8 |
0.8 |
-3.4 |
4.9 |
25 |
0.4 |
1.7 |
-8.2 |
2.6 |
50 |
-0.6 |
3.4 |
-12.7 |
3.5 |
100 |
7.5 |
12.9 |
7.8 |
28.8 |
250 |
29.3 |
33.5 |
44.4 |
65.8 |
500 |
80.4 |
84.8 |
87.9 |
95.5 |
pH values at test start (w/o algae) and after 96 h (inoculated assays):
Concentration (mg/l) |
pH |
|
0 h |
96 h |
|
0 |
7.60 |
8.13 |
10 |
7.66 |
7.83 |
25 |
7.73 |
7.86 |
50 |
7.92 |
7.87 |
100 |
8.06 |
7.90 |
250 |
8.25 |
7.94 |
500 |
8.43 |
8.13 |
The temperature was 21.4 °C in all test concentrations.
Description of key information
Following the read-across strategy, it is considered appropriate to cover this endpoint by a key study performed with the structural analogue 4-ethylmorpholine, yielding an EC50(96h) value of 291.2 mg/L and an EC10(96h) of 61.2 mg/L based on growth rate. The same is assumed to be correct for the target substance.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 291.2 mg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
- 61.2 mg/L
Additional information
Short-term toxicity of 4-ethylmorpholine to algae was investigated by exposing Desmodesmus subspicatus during 96 hours in a static test, according to the German Industrial Standard DIN 38412, part 9. This resulted in an EC50(96h) value of 291.2 mg/L and an EC10(96h) of 61.2 mg/L, both based on growth rate.
The justification for read-across within this endpoint can be found in section 13.
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