Copper chloride

Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Administrative data

Endpoint:

long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Monst sensititive study as given in U.S. EPA (2007). Test concentrations were measured. Semistatic test.

Data source

Reference

Reference 1

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Effect of food type on the acute and chronic toxicity of copper to Daphnia magna

Author:

Winner RW et al.

Year:

1985

Bibliographic source:

Freshwater Biology 7: 343-349

Reference 2

Reference Type:

secondary source

Title:

Aquatic life ambient freshwater quality criteria – Copper, 2007 Revision

Author:

U.S. EPA

Year:

2007

Bibliographic source:

EPA-822-R-07-001, Feb 2007

Materials and methods

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Effects of water hardness and humic acid on the chronic toxicity of Daphnia was tested, 42 days, semistatic

GLP compliance:

no

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Copper sulphate, pentahydrate

IUPAC Name:

Copper sulphate, pentahydrate

Constituent 2

Reference substance name:

7758-99-8

EC Number:

616-477-9

Cas Number:

7758-99-8

IUPAC Name:

7758-99-8

Details on test material:

- Analytical purity: reagent grade

Sampling and analysis

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Test solutions

Vehicle:

no

Test organisms

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia pulex

Study design

Test type:

semi-static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

42 d

Results and discussion

Effect concentrations

Effect concentrations 1

Duration:

42 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

0.005 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (not specified)

Conc. based on:

element

Remarks:

Cu

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks on result:

other: 58 mg/L CaCO3

Effect concentrations 2

Duration:

42 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

0.007 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (not specified)

Conc. based on:

element

Remarks:

Cu

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks on result:

other: 115 mg/L CaCO3

Effect concentrations 3

Duration:

42 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

0.012 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (not specified)

Conc. based on:

element

Remarks:

Cu

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks on result:

other: 230 mg/L CaCO3

Effect concentrations 4

Duration:

42 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

0.008 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (not specified)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Remarks:

CuCl

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks on result:

other: 58 mg/L CaCO3

Any other information on results incl. tables

Contrary to the expectation that sublethal endpoints are more sensitive indicators of chronic toxicity, reproduction was not a sensitive indicator of copper stress in this species. Water hardness also had little effect on the chronic toxicity of copper (similar to D. magna trends), but humic acid significantly reduced chronic toxicity of copper when added to the varying water types. The survival chronic values based on the NOAEC and LOAEC values for the three low to no humic acid studies were 4.90, 7.07, and 12.25 μg/L total copper at hardnesses of 57.5, 115, and 230 (0.15 mg/L HA) μg/L as CaCO3, respectively. The EC20 values calculated for the low and high hardness studies using nonlinear regression techniques were 2.83 and 9.16 μg/L at hardness values of 57.5 and 230 (0.15 mg/L HA) μg/L as CaCO3, respectively.